1
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Jaganathan R, Kumaradhas P. Binding mechanism of anacardic acid, carnosol and garcinol with PCAF: A comprehensive study using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy analysis. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:731-742. [PMID: 36966470 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The p300/CBP associated factor bromodomain (PCAF Brd) is emerged as one of the promising target proteins for different types of cancers. PCAF is one among the histone acetyltransferase enzymes which involved in the regulation of transcriptase process by modifying the chromatin structure. Anacardic acid, carnosol, garcinol are the experimentally reported inhibitors of PCAF Brd; however, their detailed binding mechanism these inhibitors are not yet known. The intermolecular interaction, binding energy, and the stability of these inhibitors with the active site of PCAF Brd are playing the key role in the binding of these inhibitors with PCAF. The in silico study incorporates the molecular docking and dynamics simulations; these molecular level simulations allow to understand the binding mechanism. In the present study, the induced fit molecular docking and molecular dynamics of anacardic acid, carnosol and garcinol molecules against the PCAF Brd have been performed. The docking score values of these molecules are -5.112 (anacardic acid), -5.141 (carnosol), -5.199 (garcinol) and -3.641 (L45) kcal/mol, respectively. Further, the molecular dynamics simulation was carried out for these docked complexes to understand their conformational their stability and binding energy from the roots means square deviation (RMSD) and root means square of fluctuation (RMSF), and molecular mechanics with the generalized born and surface area solvation (MM/GBSA) binding free energy calculations. The intermolecular interactions and binding free energy values confirm that garcinol forms key interactions and has high binding affinity towards PCAF Brd on compare with the other two inhibitors. Therefore, garcinol may be considered as a potential inhibitor of PCAF Brd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Jaganathan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
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2
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From triazolophthalazines to triazoloquinazolines: A bioisosterism-guided approach toward the identification of novel PCAF inhibitors with potential anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 42:116266. [PMID: 34126285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of PCAF bromodomain has been validated as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. In this study, we report the bioisosteric modification of the first reported potent PCAF bromodomain inhibitor, L-45 to its triazoloquinazoline bioisosteres. Accordingly, three new series of triazoloquinazoline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their anticancer activity against a panel of four human cancer cells. Three derivatives demonstrated comparable cytotoxic activity with the reference drug doxorubicin. Among them, compound 22 showed the most potent activity with IC50 values of 15.07, 9.86, 5.75, and 10.79 µM against Hep-G2, MCF-7, PC3, and HCT-116 respectively. Also, compound 24 exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity effects against the selected cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 20.49, 12.56, 17.18, and 11.50 µM. Compounds 22 and 25 were the most potent PCAF inhibitors (IC50, 2.88 and 3.19 μM, respectively) compared with bromosporine (IC50, 2.10 μM). Follow up apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis studies revealed that the bioisostere 22 could induce apoptotic cell death and arrest the cell cycle of PC3 at the G2/M phase. The in silico molecular docking studies were additionally performed to rationalize the PCAF inhibitory effects of new triazoloquinazoline bioisosteres.
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El-Shershaby MH, Ghiaty A, Bayoumi AH, Ahmed HEA, El-Zoghbi MS, El-Adl K, Abulkhair HS. 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-c]quinazolines: a bioisosterism-guided approach towards the development of novel PCAF inhibitors with potential anticancer activity. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00710f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Targeting PCAF with small inhibitor molecules has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adel Ghiaty
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Ashraf H. Bayoumi
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Hany E. A. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Mona S. El-Zoghbi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy
- Menoufia University
- Shebin El-Koum
- Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Hamada S. Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
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4
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Abulkhair HS, Turky A, Ghiaty A, Ahmed HE, Bayoumi AH. Novel triazolophthalazine-hydrazone hybrids as potential PCAF inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vitro anticancer evaluation, apoptosis, and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Schiedel M, Moroglu M, Ascough DMH, Chamberlain AER, Kamps JJAG, Sekirnik AR, Conway SJ. Chemical Epigenetics: The Impact of Chemical and Chemical Biology Techniques on Bromodomain Target Validation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17930-17952. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Mustafa Moroglu
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - David M. H. Ascough
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Anna E. R. Chamberlain
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jos J. A. G. Kamps
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Angelina R. Sekirnik
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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6
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Schiedel M, Moroglu M, Ascough DMH, Chamberlain AER, Kamps JJAG, Sekirnik AR, Conway SJ. Chemische Epigenetik: der Einfluss chemischer und chemo‐biologischer Techniken auf die Zielstruktur‐Validierung von Bromodomänen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Mustafa Moroglu
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - David M. H. Ascough
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Anna E. R. Chamberlain
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Jos J. A. G. Kamps
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Angelina R. Sekirnik
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
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7
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Clegg MA, Tomkinson NCO, Prinjha RK, Humphreys PG. Advancements in the Development of non-BET Bromodomain Chemical Probes. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:362-385. [PMID: 30624862 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) family of bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) have been the subject of extensive research over the past decade, resulting in a plethora of high-quality chemical probes for their tandem bromodomains. In turn, these chemical probes have helped reveal the profound biological role of the BET bromodomains and their role in disease, ultimately leading to a number of molecules in active clinical development. However, the BET subfamily represents just 8/61 of the known human bromodomains, and attention has now expanded to the biological role of the remaining 53 non-BET bromodomains. Rapid growth of this research area has been accompanied by a greater understanding of the requirements for an effective bromodomain chemical probe and has led to a number of new non-BET bromodomain chemical probes being developed. Advances since December 2015 are discussed, highlighting the strengths/caveats of each molecule, and the value they add toward validating the non-BET bromodomains as tractable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Clegg
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK.,WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Nicholas C O Tomkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Philip G Humphreys
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
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8
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Moustakim M, Christott T, Monteiro OP, Bennett J, Giroud C, Ward J, Rogers CM, Smith P, Panagakou I, Díaz‐Sáez L, Felce SL, Gamble V, Gileadi C, Halidi N, Heidenreich D, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Huber KVM, Farnie G, Heer J, Manevski N, Poda G, Al‐awar R, Dixon DJ, Brennan PE, Fedorov O. Discovery of an MLLT1/3 YEATS Domain Chemical Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16302-16307. [PMID: 30288907 PMCID: PMC6348381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
YEATS domain (YD) containing proteins are an emerging class of epigenetic targets in drug discovery. Dysregulation of these modified lysine-binding proteins has been linked to the onset and progression of cancers. We herein report the discovery and characterisation of the first small-molecule chemical probe, SGC-iMLLT, for the YD of MLLT1 (ENL/YEATS1) and MLLT3 (AF9/YEATS3). SGC-iMLLT is a potent and selective inhibitor of MLLT1/3-histone interactions. Excellent selectivity over other human YD proteins (YEATS2/4) and bromodomains was observed. Furthermore, our probe displays cellular target engagement of MLLT1 and MLLT3. The first small-molecule X-ray co-crystal structures with the MLLT1 YD are also reported. This first-in-class probe molecule can be used to understand MLLT1/3-associated biology and the therapeutic potential of small-molecule YD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Moustakim
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Thomas Christott
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - Octovia P. Monteiro
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - James Bennett
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - Charline Giroud
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - Jennifer Ward
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - Catherine M. Rogers
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - Paul Smith
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - Ioanna Panagakou
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - Laura Díaz‐Sáez
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - Suet Ling Felce
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordWindmill RoadOxfordOX3 7LDUK
| | - Vicki Gamble
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordWindmill RoadOxfordOX3 7LDUK
| | - Carina Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordWindmill RoadOxfordOX3 7LDUK
| | - Nadia Halidi
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordWindmill RoadOxfordOX3 7LDUK
| | - David Heidenreich
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life SciencesJohann Wolfgang Goethe-University60438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life SciencesJohann Wolfgang Goethe-University60438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life SciencesJohann Wolfgang Goethe-University60438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Kilian V. M. Huber
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
| | - Gillian Farnie
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordWindmill RoadOxfordOX3 7LDUK
| | | | | | - Gennady Poda
- Drug Discovery ProgramOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Rima Al‐awar
- Drug Discovery ProgramOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
- Alzheimer's Research (UK) Oxford Drug Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordNDM Research BuildingRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7FZUK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of Oxford, NDMRBOld Road CampusOxford, OX3 7DQ &OX3 7FZUK
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9
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Moustakim M, Christott T, Monteiro OP, Bennett J, Giroud C, Ward J, Rogers CM, Smith P, Panagakou I, Díaz-Sáez L, Felce SL, Gamble V, Gileadi C, Halidi N, Heidenreich D, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Huber KVM, Farnie G, Heer J, Manevski N, Poda G, Al-awar R, Dixon DJ, Brennan PE, Fedorov O. Entdeckung einer chemischen Sonde für MLLT1/3-YEATS-Domänen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moses Moustakim
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Thomas Christott
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Octovia P. Monteiro
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - James Bennett
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Charline Giroud
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Jennifer Ward
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Catherine M. Rogers
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Paul Smith
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Ioanna Panagakou
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Laura Díaz-Sáez
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Suet Ling Felce
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research Centre; University of Oxford; Windmill Road Oxford OX3 7LD Großbritannien
| | - Vicki Gamble
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research Centre; University of Oxford; Windmill Road Oxford OX3 7LD Großbritannien
| | - Carina Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research Centre; University of Oxford; Windmill Road Oxford OX3 7LD Großbritannien
| | - Nadia Halidi
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research Centre; University of Oxford; Windmill Road Oxford OX3 7LD Großbritannien
| | - David Heidenreich
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; 60438 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; 60438 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; 60438 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| | - Kilian V. M. Huber
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Gillian Farnie
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Botnar Research Centre; University of Oxford; Windmill Road Oxford OX3 7LD Großbritannien
| | - Jag Heer
- UCB Pharma Ltd; Slough SL1 3WE UK
| | | | - Gennady Poda
- Drug Discovery Program; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Toronto ON Kanada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Rima Al-awar
- Drug Discovery Program; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Toronto ON Kanada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
- Alzheimer's Research (UK) Oxford Drug Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; NDM Research Building; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, NDMRB; Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7DQ & OX3 7FZ Großbritannien
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Bowkett D, Talon R, Tallant C, Schofield C, von Delft F, Knapp S, Bruton G, Brennan PE. Identifying Small-Molecule Binding Sites for Epigenetic Proteins at Domain-Domain Interfaces. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1051-1057. [PMID: 29578648 PMCID: PMC6001751 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a rapidly growing field in drug discovery. Of particular interest is the role of post-translational modifications to histones and the proteins that read, write, and erase such modifications. The development of inhibitors for reader domains has focused on single domains. One of the major difficulties of designing inhibitors for reader domains is that, with the notable exception of bromodomains, they tend not to possess a well-enclosed binding site amenable to small-molecule inhibition. As many of the proteins in epigenetic regulation have multiple domains, there are opportunities for designing inhibitors that bind at a domain-domain interface which provide a more suitable interaction pocket. Examination of X-ray structures of multiple domains involved in recognising and modifying post-translational histone marks using the SiteMap algorithm identified potential binding sites at domain-domain interfaces. For the tandem plant homeodomain-bromodomain of SP100C, a potential inter-domain site identified computationally was validated experimentally by the discovery of ligands by X-ray crystallographic fragment screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bowkett
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) & Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford, NDM Research BuildingRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7FZUK
| | - Romain Talon
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) & Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford, NDM Research BuildingRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7FZUK
| | - Cynthia Tallant
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) & Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford, NDM Research BuildingRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7FZUK
| | - Chris Schofield
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Frank von Delft
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) & Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford, NDM Research BuildingRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7FZUK
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0DEUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland Park2006South Africa
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) & Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford, NDM Research BuildingRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7FZUK
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life SciencesJohann Wolfgang Goethe University60438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Gordon Bruton
- GlaxoSmithKlineMedicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) & Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford, NDM Research BuildingRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7FZUK
- Alzheimer's Research (UK) Oxford Drug Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford, NDM Research BuildingRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7FZUK
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