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Chen S, Prado-Morales C, Sánchez-deAlcázar D, Sánchez S. Enzymatic micro/nanomotors in biomedicine: from single motors to swarms. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2711-2719. [PMID: 38239179 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) have evolved from single self-propelled entities to versatile systems capable of performing one or multiple biomedical tasks. When single MNMs self-assemble into coordinated swarms, either under external control or triggered by chemical reactions, they offer advantages that individual MNMs cannot achieve. These benefits include intelligent multitasking and adaptability to changes in the surrounding environment. Here, we provide our perspective on the evolution of MNMs, beginning with the development of enzymatic MNMs since the first theoretical model was proposed in 2005. These enzymatic MNMs hold immense promise in biomedicine due to their advantages in biocompatibility and fuel availability. Subsequently, we introduce the design and application of single motors in biomedicine, followed by the control of MNM swarms and their biomedical applications. In the end, we propose viable solutions for advancing the development of MNM swarms and anticipate valuable insights into the creation of more intelligent and controllable MNM swarms for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Chen
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Prado-Morales
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sánchez-deAlcázar
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Psg. Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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Bhattacharjee R, Nandi A, Mitra P, Saha K, Patel P, Jha E, Panda PK, Singh SK, Dutt A, Mishra YK, Verma SK, Suar M. Theragnostic application of nanoparticle and CRISPR against food-borne multi-drug resistant pathogens. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100291. [PMID: 35711292 PMCID: PMC9194658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infection is one of the leading sources of infections spreading across the world. Foodborne pathogens are recognized as multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens posing a significant problem in the food industry and healthy consumers resulting in enhanced economic burden, and nosocomial infections. The continued search for enhanced microbial detection tools has piqued the interest of the CRISPR-Cas system and Nanoparticles. CRISPR-Cas system is present in the bacterial genome of some prokaryotes and is repurposed as a theragnostic tool against MDR pathogens. Nanoparticles and composites have also emerged as an efficient tool in theragnostic applications against MDR pathogens. The diagnostic limitations of the CRISPR-Cas system are believed to be overcome by a synergistic combination of the nanoparticles system and CRISPR-Cas using nanoparticles as vehicles. In this review, we have discussed the diagnostic application of CRISPR-Cas technologies along with their potential usage in applications like phage resistance, phage vaccination, strain typing, genome editing, and antimicrobial. we have also elucidated the antimicrobial and detection role of nanoparticles against foodborne MDR pathogens. Moreover, the novel combinatorial approach of CRISPR-Cas and nanoparticles for their synergistic effects in pathogen clearance and drug delivery vehicles has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priya Mitra
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Koustav Saha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ealisha Jha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- DBT- NECAB, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agriculture University, Jorhat, 785013, Assam, India
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Suresh K. Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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The power and the promise of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for clinical application with gene therapy. J Adv Res 2021; 40:135-152. [PMID: 36100322 PMCID: PMC9481961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high accuracy and efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 techniques may provide a great chance to treat some gene-related diseases. Researchers used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to cure or alleviate cancers through different approaches, such as gene therapy and immune therapy. The treatment of ocular diseases by Cas9 has entered into clinical phases.
Background Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is derived from the bacterial innate immune system and engineered as a robust gene-editing tool. Due to the higher specificity and efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, it has been widely applied to many genetic and non-genetic disease, including cancers, genetic hemolytic diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, ocular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, and some X-linked diseases. Furthermore, in terms of the therapeutic strategy of cancers, many researchers used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to cure or alleviate cancers through different approaches, such as gene therapy and immune therapy. Aim of Review Here, we conclude the recent application and clinical trials of CRISPR/Cas9 in non-cancerous diseases and cancers and pointed out some of the problems to be solved. Key Scientific Concepts of Review CRISPR/Cas9, derived from the microbial innate immune system, is developed as a robust gene-editing tool and has been applied widely. Due to its high accuracy and efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 techniques may provide a great chance to treat some gene-related diseases by disrupting, inserting, correcting, replacing, or blocking genes for clinical application with gene therapy.
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Wan M, Li T, Chen H, Mao C, Shen J. Biosafety, Functionalities, and Applications of Biomedical Micro/nanomotors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13158-13176. [PMID: 33145879 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to their unique ability to actively move, micro/nanomotors offer the possibility of breaking through the limitations of traditional passive drug delivery systems for the treatment of many diseases, and have attracted the increasing attention of researchers. However, at present, the realization of many advantages of micro/nanomotors in disease treatment in vivo is still in its infancy, because of the complexity and particularity of diseases in different parts of human body. In this Minireview, we first focus on the biosafety and functionality of micro/nanomotors as a biomedical treatment system. Then, we address the treatment difficulties of various diseases in vivo (such as ophthalmic disease, orthopedic disease, gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer), and then review the research progress of biomedical micro/nanomotors in the past 20 years, Finally, we propose the challenges in this field and possible future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ting Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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5
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Cai W, Luo T, Mao L, Wang M. Spatiotemporal Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Machinery Using Stimuli‐Responsive Vehicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) No. 2, North first street Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District China
| | - Tianli Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) No. 2, North first street Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) No. 2, North first street Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) No. 2, North first street Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District China
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6
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Wan M, Li T, Chen H, Mao C, Shen J. Biosafety, Functionalities, and Applications of Biomedical Micro/nanomotors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ting Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huan Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
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Soto F, Karshalev E, Zhang F, Esteban Fernandez de Avila B, Nourhani A, Wang J. Smart Materials for Microrobots. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5365-5403. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Berta Esteban Fernandez de Avila
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Biology, Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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8
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Li T, Wan M, Mao C. Research Progress of Micro/Nanomotors for Cancer Treatment. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2586-2598. [PMID: 33174354 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been widely used in cancer treatment and have achieved remarkable results. However, the specificity of the tumor microenvironment and a series of biological barriers (such as blood flow, cell membrane, dense tissue, etc.) have caused many obstacles faced by nanomaterials after entering the human body, which makes traditional drug delivery vehicles have insurmountable difficulties, such as low delivery efficiency, poor permeability, etc. The micro/nanomotors with autonomous movement capabilities provide the possibility to solve the above problems. Therefore, this review summarizes the current researches of micro/nanomotors strategies to overcome the different biological barriers of nanomaterials in cancer treatment. The advantages and disadvantages of three typical micro/nanomotors (biological, physical and chemical micro/nanomotors) in cancer treatment are summarized separately, and the future design of micro/nanomotors more suitable for tumor environment was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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9
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Shao J, Cao S, Williams DS, Abdelmohsen LKEA, van Hest JCM. Photoactivated Polymersome Nanomotors: Traversing Biological Barriers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16918-16925. [PMID: 32533754 PMCID: PMC7540338 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nanomotors are appealing delivery vehicles for the dynamic transport of functional cargo. Their translation toward biological applications is limited owing to the use of non-degradable components. Furthermore, size has been an impediment owing to the importance of achieving nanoscale (ca. 100 nm) dimensions, as opposed to microscale examples that are prevalent. Herein, we present a hybrid nanomotor that can be activated by near-infrared (NIR)-irradiation for the triggered delivery of internal cargo and facilitated transport of external agents to the cell. Utilizing biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) block copolymers, with the two blocks connected via a pH sensitive imine bond, we generate nanoscopic polymersomes that are then modified with a hemispherical gold nanocoat. This Janus morphology allows such hybrid polymersomes to undergoing photothermal motility in response to thermal gradients generated by plasmonic absorbance of NIR irradiation, with velocities ranging up to 6.2±1.10 μm s-1 . These polymersome nanomotors (PNMs) are capable of traversing cellular membranes allowing intracellular delivery of molecular and macromolecular cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic ChemistryInstitute of Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of Technology, Helix (STO 3.41)P. O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Bio-Organic ChemistryInstitute of Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of Technology, Helix (STO 3.41)P. O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - David S. Williams
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaSA2 8PPUK
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic ChemistryInstitute of Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of Technology, Helix (STO 3.41)P. O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Bio-Organic ChemistryInstitute of Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of Technology, Helix (STO 3.41)P. O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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10
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Cai W, Luo T, Mao L, Wang M. Spatiotemporal Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Machinery Using Stimuli-Responsive Vehicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:8596-8606. [PMID: 32385892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent innovations in genome editing have enabled the precise manipulation of the genetic information of mammalians, and benefitted the development of next-generation gene therapy. Despite these advances, several barriers to the clinical translation of genome editing remain, including the intracellular delivery of genome editing machinery, and the risk of off-target editing effect. Here, we review the recent advance of spatiotemporal delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing machinery, which is composed of programmable Cas9 nuclease and a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) using stimuli-responsive nanoparticles. We discuss the specific chemistries that have been used for controlled Cas9/sgRNA delivery and intracellular release in the presence of endogenous or external signals. These methodologies can leverage biological signals found locally within disease cells, or exogenous signals administrated with spatiotemporal control, through which an improved genome editing could be achieved. We also discuss the future in exploiting these approaches for fundamental biomedical applications and therapeutic genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), No. 2, North first street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, China
| | - Tianli Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), No. 2, North first street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), No. 2, North first street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), No. 2, North first street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, China
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11
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Shao J, Cao S, Williams DS, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Hest JCM. Photoactivated Polymersome Nanomotors: Traversing Biological Barriers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology, Helix (STO 3.41) P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology, Helix (STO 3.41) P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - David S. Williams
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Swansea University Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology, Helix (STO 3.41) P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. Hest
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology, Helix (STO 3.41) P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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12
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Chen C, He Z, Wu J, Zhang X, Xia Q, Ju H. Motion of Enzyme‐Powered Microshell Motors. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2491-2496. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengtao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University 163 xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhengqing He
- Laboratory of Tropical Biomedicine and BiotechnologySchool of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory MedicineHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University 163 xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University 163 xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Qianfeng Xia
- Laboratory of Tropical Biomedicine and BiotechnologySchool of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory MedicineHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University 163 xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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13
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Liu L, Gao J, Wilson DA, Tu Y, Peng F. Fuel-Free Micro-/Nanomotors as Intelligent Therapeutic Agents. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2325-2335. [PMID: 30843328 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There are many efficient biological motors in Nature that perform complex functions by converting chemical energy into mechanical motion. Inspired by this, the development of their synthetic counterparts has aroused tremendous research interest in the past decade. Among these man-made motor systems, the fuel-free (or light, magnet, ultrasound, or electric field driven) motors are advantageous in terms of controllability, lifespan, and biocompatibility concerning bioapplications, when compared with their chemically powered counterparts. Therefore, this review will highlight the latest biomedical applications in the versatile field of externally propelled micro-/nanomotors, as well as elucidating their driving mechanisms. A perspective into the future of the micro-/nanomotors field and a discussion of the challenges we need to face along the road towards practical clinical translation of external-field-propelled micro-/nanomotors will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junbin Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | | | - Yingfeng Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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15
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16
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Xu T, Cheng G, Liu C, Li T, Zhang X. Dynamic Assembly of Microspheres under an Ultrasound Field. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2440-2444. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Biomedical and Health ScienceAnhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Guanzhi Cheng
- Department Institute of railway constructionInstitution China Academy of Railway Sciences Co., Ltd Beijing 100081 China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Tianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Biomedical and Health ScienceAnhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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17
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Erkoc P, Yasa IC, Ceylan H, Yasa O, Alapan Y, Sitti M. Mobile Microrobots for Active Therapeutic Delivery. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Erkoc
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Immihan C. Yasa
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Hakan Ceylan
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Yunus Alapan
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Ramesan S, Rezk AR, Dekiwadia C, Cortez-Jugo C, Yeo LY. Acoustically-mediated intracellular delivery. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13165-13178. [PMID: 29964280 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02898b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in gene editing have necessitated practical ex vivo methods to rapidly and efficiently re-engineer patient-harvested cells. Many physical membrane-disruption or pore-forming techniques for intracellular delivery, however, result in poor cell viability, while most carrier-mediated techniques suffer from suboptimal endosomal escape and hence cytoplasmic or nuclear targeting. In this work, we show that short exposure of cells to high frequency (>10 MHz) acoustic excitation facilitates temporal reorganisation of the lipid structure in the cell membrane that enhances translocation of gold nanoparticles and therapeutic molecules into the cell within just ten minutes. Due to its transient nature, rapid cell self-healing is observed, leading to high cellular viabilities (>97%). Moreover, the internalised cargo appears to be uniformly distributed throughout the cytosol, circumventing the need for strategies to facilitate endosomal escape. In the case of siRNA delivery, the method is seen to enhance gene silencing by over twofold, demonstrating its potential for enhancing therapeutic delivery into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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