1
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Kremsmair A, Wilke HR, Harenberg JH, Bissinger BRG, Simon MM, Alandini N, Knochel P. In Situ Quench Reactions of Enantioenriched Secondary Alkyllithium Reagents in Batch and Continuous Flow Using an I/Li-Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214377. [PMID: 36269064 PMCID: PMC10100098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a practical in situ quench (ISQ) procedure involving the generation of chiral secondary alkyllithiums from secondary alkyl iodides (including functionalized iodides bearing an ester or a nitrile) in the presence of various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones, Weinreb amides, isocyanates, sulfides, or boronates. This ISQ-reaction allowed the preparation of a broad range of optically enriched ketones, alcohols, amides, sulfides and boronic acid esters in typically 90-98 % ee. Remarkably, these reactions were performed at -78 °C or -40 °C in batch. A continuous flow set-up permitted reaction temperatures between -20 °C and 0 °C and allowed a scale-up up to a 40-fold without further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Henrik R Wilke
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Johannes H Harenberg
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Benjamin R G Bissinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Matthias M Simon
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Nurtalya Alandini
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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2
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Sunagatullina AS, Lutter FH, Knochel P. Preparation of Primary and Secondary Dialkylmagnesiums by a Radical I/Mg‐Exchange Reaction Using
s
Bu
2
Mg in Toluene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116625. [PMID: 35044040 PMCID: PMC9302629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of primary or secondary alkyl iodides with sBu2Mg in toluene (25–40 °C, 2–4 h) provided dialkylmagnesiums that underwent various reactions with aldehydes, ketones, acid chlorides or allylic bromides. 3‐Substituted secondary cyclohexyl iodides led to all‐cis‐3‐cyclohexylmagnesium reagents under these exchange conditions in a highly stereoconvergent manner. Enantiomerically enriched 3‐silyloxy‐substituted secondary alkyl iodides gave after an exchange reaction with sBu2Mg stereodefined dialkylmagnesiums that after quenching with various electrophiles furnished various 1,3‐stereodefined products including homo‐aldol products (99 % dr and 98 % ee). Mechanistic studies confirmed a radical pathway for these new iodine/magnesium‐exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa S. Sunagatullina
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Ferdinand H. Lutter
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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3
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Sunagatullina AS, Lutter FH, Knochel P. Herstellung von primären und sekundären Dialkylmagnesiumverbindungen durch eine radikalische I/Mg‐Austauschreaktion mit
s
Bu
2
Mg in Toluol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa S. Sunagatullina
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81 377 München Deutschland
| | - Ferdinand H. Lutter
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81 377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81 377 München Deutschland
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4
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Yiannakas E, Grimes MI, Whitelegge JT, Fürstner A, Hulme AN. An Alkyne‐Metathesis‐Based Approach to the Synthesis of the Anti‐Malarial Macrodiolide Samroiyotmycin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ektoras Yiannakas
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Mark I. Grimes
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - James T. Whitelegge
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alison N. Hulme
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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5
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Yiannakas E, Grimes MI, Whitelegge JT, Fürstner A, Hulme AN. An Alkyne-Metathesis-Based Approach to the Synthesis of the Anti-Malarial Macrodiolide Samroiyotmycin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18504-18508. [PMID: 34076945 PMCID: PMC8456858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the first total synthesis of samroiyotmycin A (1), a C2 -symmetric 20-membered anti-malarial macrodiolide isolated from Streptomyces sp. The convergent synthetic strategy orchestrates bisalkyne fragment-assembly using an unprecedented Schöllkopf-type condensation on a substituted β-lactone and an ambitious late-stage one-pot alkyne cross metathesis-ring-closing metathesis (ACM-RCAM) reaction. The demanding alkyne metathesis sequence is achieved using the latest generation of molybdenum alkylidynes endowed with a tripodal silanolate ligand framework. Subsequent conversion to the required E-alkenes uses contemporary hydrometallation chemistry catalysed by tetrameric cluster [{Cp*RuCl}4 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ektoras Yiannakas
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Mark I Grimes
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - James T Whitelegge
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alison N Hulme
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
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6
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Mantel M, Giesler M, Guder M, Rüthlein E, Hartmann L, Pietruszka J. Lewis‐Base‐Brønsted‐Säure‐Enzym‐Katalyse in enantioselektiven mehrstufigen Eintopf‐Synthesen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mantel
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Markus Giesler
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Marian Guder
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Rüthlein
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Deutschland
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7
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Mantel M, Giesler M, Guder M, Rüthlein E, Hartmann L, Pietruszka J. Lewis Base-Brønsted Acid-Enzyme Catalysis in Enantioselective Multistep One-Pot Syntheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16700-16706. [PMID: 33856095 PMCID: PMC8360128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Establishing one-pot, multi-step protocols combining different types of catalysts is one important goal for increasing efficiency in modern organic synthesis. In particular, the high potential of biocatalysts still needs to be harvested. Based on an in-depth mechanistic investigation of a new organocatalytic protocol employing two catalysts {1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO); benzoic acid (BzOH)}, a sequence was established providing starting materials for enzymatic refinement (ene reductase; alcohol dehydrogenase): A gram-scale access to a variety of enantiopure key building blocks for natural product syntheses was enabled utilizing up to six catalytic steps within the same reaction vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mantel
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum JülichStetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
| | - Markus Giesler
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Marian Guder
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
| | - Elisabeth Rüthlein
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum JülichStetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum JülichStetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
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8
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Kremsmair A, Skotnitzki J, Knochel P. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Cross-Couplings of Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents with 3-Halogeno-Unsaturated Carbonyl Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:11971-11973. [PMID: 32557902 PMCID: PMC7540566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chiral secondary alkylcopper reagents were prepared from the corresponding alkyl iodides with retention of configuration by an I/Li-exchange using tBuLi (-100 °C, 1 min) followed by a transmetalation with CuBr⋅P(OEt)3 (-100 °C, 20 s). These stereodefined secondary alkylcoppers underwent stereoretentive cross-couplings with several 3-iodo or 3-bromo unsaturated carbonyl derivatives leading to the corresponding γ-methylated Michael acceptors in good yields and with high diastereoselectivities (dr up to 96:4). The method was extended to enantiomerically enriched alkylcoppers, providing optically enriched advanced natural product intermediates with up to 90 % ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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9
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Leroux M, Huang W, Lemke Y, Koller TJ, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Pyrrole-Protected β-Aminoalkylzinc Reagents for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Amino-Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:8951-8957. [PMID: 32196786 PMCID: PMC7497206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chiral β-aminoalkylzinc halides were prepared starting from optically pure commercial β-amino-alcohols. These amino-alcohols were converted to the corresponding N-pyrrolyl-protected alkyl iodides which undergo a zinc insertion in the presence of LiCl (THF, 25 °C, 10-90 min). Subsequent Negishi cross-coupling or acylation reactions with acid chlorides produced amino-derivatives with retention of chirality. Diastereoselective CBS-reductions of some prepared N-pyrrolyl-ketones provided 1,3-subsituted N-pyrrolyl-alcohols with high diastereoselectivity. Additionally, a deprotection procedure involving an ozonolysis allowed the conversion of the pyrrole-ring into a formamide without loss of optical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Leroux
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Wan‐Yun Huang
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Yannick Lemke
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Thaddäus J. Koller
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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10
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Skotnitzki J, Kremsmair A, Keefer D, Gong Y, Vivie‐Riedle R, Knochel P. Stereoselektive C(sp
3
)‐C(sp
2
)‐Kreuzkupplungen von chiralen sekundären Alkylzinkreagenzien mit Alkenyl‐ und Arylhalogeniden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Alexander Kremsmair
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Ye Gong
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Regina Vivie‐Riedle
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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11
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Skotnitzki J, Kremsmair A, Keefer D, Gong Y, de Vivie‐Riedle R, Knochel P. Stereoselective Csp 3 -Csp 2 Cross-Couplings of Chiral Secondary Alkylzinc Reagents with Alkenyl and Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:320-324. [PMID: 31529574 PMCID: PMC6973128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of chiral secondary non-stabilized dialkylzinc reagents, prepared from readily available chiral secondary alkyl iodides, with alkenyl and aryl halides. This method provides α-chiral alkenes and arenes with very high retention of configuration (dr up to 98:2) and satisfactory overall yields (up to 76 % for 3 reaction steps). The configurational stability of these chiral non-stabilized dialkylzinc reagents was determined and exceeded several hours at 25 °C. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the stereoretention during the catalytic cycle. Furthermore, the cross-coupling reaction was applied in an efficient total synthesis of the sesquiterpenes (S)- and (R)-curcumene with control of the absolute stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Alexander Kremsmair
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Ye Gong
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Regina de Vivie‐Riedle
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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12
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Skotnitzki J, Spessert L, Knochel P. Regio- und stereoselektive allylische Substitutionen chiraler sekundärer Alkylkupferverbindungen: Totalsynthese von (+)-Lasiol, (+)-13-Norfaranal und (+)-Faranal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Lukas Spessert
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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13
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Skotnitzki J, Spessert L, Knochel P. Regio- and Stereoselective Allylic Substitutions of Chiral Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents: Total Synthesis of (+)-Lasiol, (+)-13-Norfaranal, and (+)-Faranal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1509-1514. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Lukas Spessert
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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