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Rong Wong Z, Schramm TK, Loipersberger M, Head-Gordon M, Toste FD. Revisiting the Bonding Model for Gold(I) Species: The Importance of Pauli Repulsion Revealed in a Gold(I)-Cyclobutadiene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202019. [PMID: 35261142 PMCID: PMC9173747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the bonding of gold(I) species has been central to the development of gold(I) catalysis. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of the first gold(I)-cyclobutadiene complex, accompanied with bonding analysis by state-of-the-art energy decomposition analysis methods. Analysis of possible coordination modes for the new species not only confirms established characteristics of gold(I) bonding, but also suggests that Pauli repulsion is a key yet hitherto overlooked element. Additionally, we obtain a new perspective on gold(I)-bonding by comparison of the gold(I)-cyclobutadiene to congeners stabilized by p-, d-, and f-block metals. Consequently, we refine the gold(I) bonding model, with a delicate interplay of Pauli repulsion and charge transfer as the key driving force for various coordination motifs. Pauli repulsion is similarly determined as a significant interaction in AuI -alkyne species, corroborating this revised understanding of AuI bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Rong Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Tim K. Schramm
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1 Aachen, 52074 (Germany)
| | - Matthias Loipersberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, MS 70A3307, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, MS 70A3307, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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2
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Wong ZR, Schramm TK, Loipersberger M, Head‐Gordon M, Toste FD. Revisiting the Bonding Model for Gold(I) Species: The Importance of Pauli Repulsion Revealed in a Gold(I)‐Cyclobutadiene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Rong Wong
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Tim K. Schramm
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Matthias Loipersberger
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Martin Head‐Gordon
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road, MS 70A3307 Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road, MS 70A3307 Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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3
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Fan Z, Hu Y, Li H, Fu J, Fan Q, King RB, Schaefer HF. Agostic Hydrogens in 1‐Norbornyl Metal Cyclopentadienyl Structures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Fan
- School of Science Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation Xihua University 610039 Chengdu China
| | - Yuchen Hu
- School of Science Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation Xihua University 610039 Chengdu China
| | - Huidong Li
- School of Science Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation Xihua University 610039 Chengdu China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry University of Georgia 30602 Athens Georgia USA
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Science Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation Xihua University 610039 Chengdu China
| | - Qunchao Fan
- School of Science Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation Xihua University 610039 Chengdu China
| | - R. Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry University of Georgia 30602 Athens Georgia USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry University of Georgia 30602 Athens Georgia USA
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4
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Electronic and Steric Manipulation of the Agostic Interaction in benzo[
h
]quinoline Complexes of Pd(II) and Implications for the Formation of η
1
‐Pd–C Bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Mitoraj MP, Sagan F, Szczepanik DW, de Lange JH, Ptaszek AL, van Niekerk DME, Cukrowski I. Origin of Hydrocarbons Stability from a Computational Perspective: A Case Study of Ortho-Xylene Isomers. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:494-502. [PMID: 31990431 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is shown herein that intuitive and text-book steric-clash based interpretation of the higher energy "in-in" xylene isomer (as arising solely from the repulsive CH⋅⋅⋅HC contact) with respect to the corresponding global-minimum "out-out" configuration (where the clashing C-H bonds are tilted out) is misleading. It is demonstrated that the two hydrogen atoms engaged in the CH⋅⋅⋅HC contact in "in-in" are involved in attractive interaction so they cannot explain the lower stability of this isomer. We have proven, based on the arsenal of modern bonding descriptors (EDDB, HOMA, NICS, FALDI, ETS-NOCV, DAFH, FAMSEC, IQA), that in order to understand the relative stability of "in-in" versus "out-out" xylenes isomers one must consider the changes in the electronic structure encompassing the entire molecules as arising from the cooperative action of hyperconjugation, aromaticity and unintuitive London dispersion plus charge delocalization based intra-molecular CH⋅⋅⋅HC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz P Mitoraj
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-87, Krakow, Poland
| | - Filip Sagan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-87, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-87, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jurgens H de Lange
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Aleksandra L Ptaszek
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-87, Krakow, Poland
| | - Daniel M E van Niekerk
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Ignacy Cukrowski
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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6
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Lin X, Wu W, Mo Y. Agostic Interactions in Early Transition-Metal Complexes: Roles of Hyperconjugation, Dispersion, and Steric Effect. Chemistry 2019; 25:6591-6599. [PMID: 30883975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The agostic interaction is a ubiquitous phenomenon in catalytic processes and transition-metal complexes, and hyperconjugation has been well recognized as its origin. Yet, recent studies showed that either short-range London dispersion or structural constraints could be the driving force, although proper evaluation of the role of hyperconjugation therein is needed. Herein, a simple variant of valence bond theory was employed to study a few exemplary Ti complexes with α- or β-agostic interactions and interpret the agostic effect in terms of the steric effect, hyperconjugation, and dispersion. For the complexes [MeTiCl3 (dmpe)] and [MeTiCl3 (dhpe)] with α-agostic interactions, hyperconjugation plays the dominant role with comparable magnitudes in both systems, but dispersion is solely responsible for the stronger agostic interaction in the former compared with the latter. For the complexes [EtTiCl3 (dmpe)] and [EtTiCl3 (dhpe)] with β-agostic interactions, however, hyperconjugation and dispersion play comparable roles, and the weaker steric repulsion leads to a stronger agostic effect in the former than in the latter. Thus, the present study clarifies the variable and sensitive roles of steric, hyperconjugative, and dispersion interactions in the agostic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical, Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical, Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
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7
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Ho LP, Nasr A, Jones PG, Altun A, Neese F, Bistoni G, Tamm M. London Dispersion Interactions in Pnictogen Cations [ECl
2
]
+
and [E=E]
2+
(E=P, As, Sb) Supported by Anionic
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:18922-18932. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Alexandre Nasr
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ahmet Altun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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