1
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Sun B, Oakley MS, Yoshida K, Yang Y, Tommasini M, Zanchi C, Lucotti A, Ferguson MJ, Hampel F, Klobukowski M, Tykwinski RR. The Effects of Ring Strain on Cyclic Tetraaryl[5]cumulenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200616. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bozheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Meagan S. Oakley
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Kota Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yanwen Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Chiara Zanchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
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2
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Johnson MA, Martin M, Cocq K, Ferguson M, Jux N, Tykwinski RR. Acylation of Hexaphenylbenzene for the Synthesis of [5]Cumulenes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Martin
- FAU Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kévin Cocq
- University of Alberta Department of Chemistry CANADA
| | | | - Norbert Jux
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- University of Alberta Department of Chemistry T6G 2G2 Edmonton CANADA
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3
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Hirao Y, Daifuku Y, Ihara K, Kubo T. Spin–Spin Interactions in One‐Dimensional Assemblies of a Cumulene‐Based Singlet Biradical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yoko Daifuku
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Keiji Ihara
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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4
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Hirao Y, Daifuku Y, Ihara K, Kubo T. Spin-Spin Interactions in One-Dimensional Assemblies of a Cumulene-Based Singlet Biradical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21319-21326. [PMID: 34101316 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of phenalenyl-endcapped [5]cumulene as a cumulene-based singlet biradical and the spin correlation changes of one-dimensional aggregates are described. The high propensity for self-aggregation of phenalenyl rings and the introduction of bulky substituents into the appropriate positions led to the formation of a one-dimensional chain assembly. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis indicated that the bond length alternation of the cumulene chain increased with decreasing temperature, along with improved overlapping of the phenalenyl rings. Variable-temperature Raman spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that a localized spin pair within the molecule decouples at low temperatures, and a continuum spin system involving intra- and intermolecular spin-spin interactions emerges in the one-dimensional chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoko Daifuku
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Keiji Ihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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5
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Badía-Domínguez I, Peña-Álvarez M, Wang D, Pérez Guardiola A, Vida Y, Rodríguez González S, López Navarrete JT, Hernández Jolín V, Sancho García JC, García Baonza V, Nash R, Hartl F, Li H, Ruiz Delgado MC. Dynamic Covalent Properties of a Novel Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole Diradical. Chemistry 2021; 27:5509-5520. [PMID: 33474741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and properties of a dicyanomethylene-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazole diradical ICz-CN. This quinoidal system dimerises almost completely to (ICz-CN)2 , which contains two long C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) σ-bonds between the dicyanomethylene units. The minor open-shell ICz-CN component in the solid-state mixture was identified by EPR spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroelectrochemical data, as well as comparison with reference monomer ICz-Br reveal that the nature of the one-electron oxidation of (ICz-CN)2 at ambient temperature and ICz-CN at elevated temperature is very similar in all these compounds due to the prevailing localization of their HOMO on the ICz backbone. The peculiar cathodic behaviour reflects the co-existence of (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN. The involvement of the dicyanomethylene groups stabilizes the close-lying LUMO and LUMO+1 of (ICz-CN)2 and especially ICz-CN compared to ICz-Br, resulting in a distinctive cathodic response at low overpotentials. Differently from neutral ICz-CN, its radical anion and dianion are remarkably stable under ambient conditions. The UV/Vis(-NIR) electronic transitions in parent (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN and their different redox forms have been assigned convincingly with the aid of TD-DFT calculations. The σ-bond in neutral (ICz-CN)2 is cleaved in solution and in the solid-state upon soft external stimuli (temperature, pressure), showing a strong chromism from light yellow to blue-green. Notably, in the solid state, the monomeric diradical species is predominantly formed under high hydrostatic pressure (>1 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Badía-Domínguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miriam Peña-Álvarez
- Present address: Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions & School of, Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.,MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Yolanda Vida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, C/ Severo Ochoa 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Hernández Jolín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan C Sancho García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Valentín García Baonza
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Instituto de Geociencias IGEO (CSIC-UCM), University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosie Nash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - M Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
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6
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Jia S, Li S, Liu Y, Qin W, Yan H. Enantioselective Control of Both Helical and Axial Stereogenic Elements though an Organocatalytic Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Jia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Wenling Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing University Chongqing 400044 P. R. China
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7
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Jia S, Li S, Liu Y, Qin W, Yan H. Enantioselective Control of Both Helical and Axial Stereogenic Elements though an Organocatalytic Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18496-18501. [PMID: 31608559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereo- and enantio-selective method for the asymmetric synthesis of molecules containing helicenes and stereogenic axes was developed based on organocatalysis. Various compounds bearing both helical and axial stereogenic elements were obtained in excellent enantioselectivities. The mechanism study revealed that the reaction proceeded through two stages: 1) The first cyclization produces a reaction intermediate containing a stereogenic axis. 2) The dynamic kinetic resolution of helix reaction intermediate following with cyclization generates a helix and another stereogenic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Jia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Wenling Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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8
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Ardila‐Fierro KJ, Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanosynthesis of Odd-Numbered Tetraaryl[n]cumulenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12945-12949. [PMID: 31265746 PMCID: PMC6773223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A mechanochemical synthesis of one-dimensional carbon allotrope carbyne model compounds, namely tetraaryl[n]cumulenes (n=3, 5) was realized. Central for the mechanosynthesis of the cumulenic carbon nanostructures were the development of a mechanochemical Favorskii alkynylation-type reaction and the implementation of a solvent-free, acid-free reductive elimination with tin(II) chloride by ball milling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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9
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Ardila‐Fierro KJ, Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanosynthesis of Odd‐Numbered Tetraaryl[
n
]cumulenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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10
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Xu W, Leary E, Hou S, Sangtarash S, González MT, Rubio‐Bollinger G, Wu Q, Sadeghi H, Tejerina L, Christensen KE, Agraït N, Higgins SJ, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Anderson HL. Unusual Length Dependence of the Conductance in Cumulene Molecular Wires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8378-8382. [PMID: 31026371 PMCID: PMC6563095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cumulenes are sometimes described as "metallic" because an infinitely long cumulene would have the band structure of a metal. Herein, we report the single-molecule conductance of a series of cumulenes and cumulene analogues, where the number of consecutive C=C bonds in the core is n=1, 2, 3, and 5. The [n]cumulenes with n=3 and 5 have almost the same conductance, and they are both more conductive than the alkene (n=1). This is remarkable because molecular conductance normally falls exponentially with length. The conductance of the allene (n=2) is much lower, because of its twisted geometry. Computational simulations predict a similar trend to the experimental results and indicate that the low conductance of the allene is a general feature of [n]cumulenes where n is even. The lack of length dependence in the conductance of [3] and [5]cumulenes is attributed to the strong decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap with increasing length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Edmund Leary
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Surface Science Research CentreUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 3BXUK
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | | | - M. Teresa González
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Gabino Rubio‐Bollinger
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaIFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - Lara Tejerina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - Nicolás Agraït
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaIFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | | | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Surface Science Research CentreUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 3BXUK
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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11
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Xu W, Leary E, Hou S, Sangtarash S, González MT, Rubio‐Bollinger G, Wu Q, Sadeghi H, Tejerina L, Christensen KE, Agraït N, Higgins SJ, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Anderson HL. Unusual Length Dependence of the Conductance in Cumulene Molecular Wires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Edmund Leary
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Surface Science Research CentreUniversity of Liverpool Oxford Street Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK
| | - M. Teresa González
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Gabino Rubio‐Bollinger
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaIFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK
| | - Lara Tejerina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Nicolás Agraït
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaIFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | | | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Surface Science Research CentreUniversity of Liverpool Oxford Street Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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12
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Spisak SN, Bühringer MU, Wei Z, Zhou Z, Tykwinski RR, Petrukhina MA. Structural and Electronic Effects of Stepwise Reduction of a Tetraaryl[3]Cumulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Martina U. Bühringer
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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13
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Spisak SN, Bühringer MU, Wei Z, Zhou Z, Tykwinski RR, Petrukhina MA. Structural and Electronic Effects of Stepwise Reduction of a Tetraaryl[3]Cumulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2023-2028. [PMID: 30560557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a [3]cumulene ([3]TrTol) has been explored using alkali metals. Mono- and doubly reduced forms of [3]TrTol were isolated as solvent-separated ion pairs with {Na(18-crown-6)THF2 }+ and {K(18-crown-6)THF2 }+ counterions and crystallographically characterized. This allowed analysis of structural parameters of the "naked" anions of [3]TrTol without interference from metal binding. The dianion of [3]TrTol was also isolated as a contact-ion complex with {Cs(18-crown-6)}+ cations, thereby adding the effect of metal coordination to the core. Structural comparisons of anions to the neutral molecule, [3]TrTol, outline monotonic increases in bond-length alternation (BLA) upon stepwise reduction. The greatest BLA value is found for the contact-ion complex, which shows an alternating sequence of short and long carbon-carbon bonds, consistent with the structure of an alkyne. In contrast to studies on tetraphenyl[3]cumulene, the cumulenic framework of [3]TrTol remains planar in all the derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Martina U Bühringer
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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