1
|
Su DD, Gervais V, Ulrich S, Barboiu M. Complexation Preferences of Dynamic Constitutional Frameworks as Adaptive Gene Vectors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203062. [PMID: 36345945 PMCID: PMC10108089 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The growing applications of therapeutic nucleic acids requires the concomitant development of vectors that are optimized to complex one type of nucleic acid, forming nanoparticles suitable for further trafficking and delivery. While fine-tuning a vector by molecular engineering to obtain a particular nanoscale organization at the nanoparticle level can be a challenging endeavor, we turned the situation around and instead screened the complexation preferences of dynamic constitutional frameworks toward different types of DNAs. Dynamic constitutional frameworks (DCF) are recently-identified vectors by our group that can be prepared in a versatile manner through dynamic covalent chemistry. Herein, we designed and synthesized 40 new DCFs that vary in hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, number of cationic headgroups. The results of DNA complexation obtained through gel electrophoresis and fluorescent displacement assays reveal binding preferences of different DCFs toward different DNAs. The formation of compact spherical architectures with an optimal diameter of 100-200 nm suggests that condensation into nanoparticles is more effective for longer PEG chains and PEI groups that induce a better binding performance in the presence of DNA targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Su
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, Montpellier, 34095, France.,Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Gervais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, Montpellier, 34095, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su DD, Ali LMA, Coste M, Laroui N, Bessin Y, Barboiu M, Bettache N, Ulrich S. Structure-Activity Relationships in Nucleic-Acid-Templated Vectors Based on Peptidic Dynamic Covalent Polymers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202921. [PMID: 36342312 PMCID: PMC10108046 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The use of nucleic acids as templates, which can trigger the self-assembly of their own vectors represent an emerging, simple and versatile, approach toward the self-fabrication of tailored nucleic acids delivery vectors. However, the structure-activity relationships governing this complex templated self-assembly process that accompanies the complexation of nucleic acids remains poorly understood. Herein, the class of arginine-rich dynamic covalent polymers (DCPs) composed of different monomers varying the number and position of arginines were studied. The combinations that lead to nucleic acid complexation, in saline buffer, using different templates, from short siRNA to long DNA, are described. Finally, a successful peptidic DCP featuring six-arginine repeating unit that promote the safe and effective delivery of siRNA in live cancer cells was identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Su
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France.,Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Lamiaa M A Ali
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France.,Department of Biochemistry Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maëva Coste
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Nabila Laroui
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Bessin
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadir Bettache
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Programmed Synthesis of Hepta‐Differentiated β‐Cyclodextrin: 1 out of 117655 Arrangements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
4
|
Liu J, Wang B, Przybylski C, Bistri-Aslanoff O, Ménand M, Zhang Y, Sollogoub M. Programmed Synthesis of Hepta-Differentiated β-Cyclodextrin: 1 out of 117655 Arrangements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12090-12096. [PMID: 33650730 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin poly-functionalization has fueled progress in their use in multiple applications such as enzyme mimicry, but also in the polymer sciences, luminescence, as sensors or for biomedical applications. However, regioselective access to a given pattern of functions on β-cyclodextrin is still very limited. We uncover a new orienting group, the thioacetate, that expands the toolbox available for cyclodextrin poly-hetero-functionalization using diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) promoted debenzylation. The usefulness of this group is illustrated in the first synthesis of a precisely hepta-hetero-functionalized β-cyclodextrin. By way of comparison, a random hepta-functionalization would give 117655 different molecules. This synthesis is not simply the vain quest for the Holy Grail of CD hetero-functionalization, but it illustrates the versatility of the DIBAL-H oriented hetero-functionalization strategy, opening the way to a multitude of useful functionalization patterns for new practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), UMR 8232, 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bo Wang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), UMR 8232, 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), UMR 8232, 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Bistri-Aslanoff
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), UMR 8232, 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Ménand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), UMR 8232, 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), UMR 8232, 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), UMR 8232, 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Coste M, Kotras C, Bessin Y, Gervais V, Dellemme D, Leclercq M, Fossépré M, Richeter S, Clément S, Surin M, Ulrich S. Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Nucleic Acid Recognition of an Acylhydrazone‐Conjugated Cationic Tetraphenylethene Ligand. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Coste
- IBMM Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Clément Kotras
- ICGM Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 Université de Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) University of Mons-UMONS 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Yannick Bessin
- IBMM Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Virginie Gervais
- CNRS Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) Université de Toulouse, UPS 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse France
| | - David Dellemme
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) University of Mons-UMONS 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Maxime Leclercq
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) University of Mons-UMONS 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) University of Mons-UMONS 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Sébastien Richeter
- ICGM Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 Université de Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Sébastien Clément
- ICGM Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 Université de Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) University of Mons-UMONS 7000 Mons Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laroui N, Coste M, Su D, Ali LMA, Bessin Y, Barboiu M, Gary-Bobo M, Bettache N, Ulrich S. Cell-Selective siRNA Delivery Using Glycosylated Dynamic Covalent Polymers Self-Assembled In Situ by RNA Templating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5783-5787. [PMID: 33289957 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent libraries enable exploring complex chemical systems from which bioactive assemblies can adaptively emerge through template effects. In this work, we studied dynamic covalent libraries made of complementary bifunctional cationic peptides, yielding a diversity of species from macrocycles to polymers. Although polymers are typically expressed only at high concentration, we found that siRNA acts as a template in the formation of dynamic covalent polymers at low concentration in a process guided by electrostatic binding. Using a glycosylated building block, we were able to show that this templated polymerization further translates into the multivalent presentation of carbohydrate ligands, which subsequently promotes cell uptake and even cell-selective siRNA delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Laroui
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Maëva Coste
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Dandan Su
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.,Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Lamiaa M A Ali
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yannick Bessin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Magali Gary-Bobo
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadir Bettache
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laroui N, Coste M, Su D, Ali LMA, Bessin Y, Barboiu M, Gary‐Bobo M, Bettache N, Ulrich S. Cell‐Selective siRNA Delivery Using Glycosylated Dynamic Covalent Polymers Self‐Assembled In Situ by RNA Templating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Laroui
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Maëva Coste
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Dandan Su
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
- Institut Européen des Membranes Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group Université de Montpellier ENSCM CNRS Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Lamiaa M. A. Ali
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
- Department of Biochemistry Medical Research Institute University of Alexandria 21561 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Yannick Bessin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group Université de Montpellier ENSCM CNRS Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Magali Gary‐Bobo
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Nadir Bettache
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neva T, Carbajo-Gordillo AI, Benito JM, Lana H, Marcelo G, Ortiz Mellet C, Tros de Ilarduya C, Mendicuti F, García Fernández JM. Tuning the Topological Landscape of DNA-Cyclodextrin Nanocomplexes by Molecular Design. Chemistry 2020; 26:15259-15269. [PMID: 32710799 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Original molecular vectors that ensure broad flexibility to tune the shape and surface properties of plasmid DNA (pDNA) condensates are reported herein. The prototypic design involves a cyclodextrin (CD) platform bearing a polycationic cluster at the primary face and a doubly linked aromatic module bridging two consecutive monosaccharide units at the secondary face that behaves as a topology-encoding element. Subtle differences at the molecular level then translate into disparate morphologies at the nanoscale, including rods, worms, toroids, globules, ellipsoids, and spheroids. In vitro evaluation of the transfection capabilities revealed marked selectivity differences as a function of nanocomplex morphology. Remarkably high transfection efficiencies were associated with ellipsoidal or spherical shapes with a lamellar internal arrangement of pDNA chains and CD bilayers. Computational studies support that the stability of such supramolecular edifices is directly related to the tendency of the molecular vector to form noncovalent dimers upon DNA templating. Because the stability of the dimers depends on the protonation state of the polycationic clusters, the coaggregates display pH responsiveness, which facilitates endosomal escape and timely DNA release, a key step in successful transfection. The results provide a versatile strategy for the construction of fully synthetic and perfectly monodisperse nonviral gene delivery systems uniquely suited for optimization schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Neva
- Institute for Chemical Research, IIQ, CSIC-Univ. Sevilla, C/ Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana I Carbajo-Gordillo
- Institute for Chemical Research, IIQ, CSIC-Univ. Sevilla, C/ Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M Benito
- Institute for Chemical Research, IIQ, CSIC-Univ. Sevilla, C/ Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hugo Lana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Marcelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Investigación Química, "Andrés M. del Rio" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Campus Universitario Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla, C/ Prof García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Conchita Tros de Ilarduya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Mendicuti
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Investigación Química, "Andrés M. del Rio" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Campus Universitario Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - José M García Fernández
- Institute for Chemical Research, IIQ, CSIC-Univ. Sevilla, C/ Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pamuła M, Nissinen M, Helttunen K. Correlating Solution- and Solid-State Structures of Conformationally Flexible Resorcinarenes: Significance of a Sulfonyl Group in Intramolecular Self-Inclusion. Chemistry 2020; 26:7374-7383. [PMID: 32083359 PMCID: PMC7317440 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of tetramethoxyresorcinarene podands bearing p-toluene arms connected by -SO3 - (1) and -CH2 O- (2) linkers is presented herein. In the solid state, the resorcinarene podand 1 forms an intramolecular self-inclusion complex with the pendant p-toluene group of a podand arm, whereas the resorcinarene podand 2 does not show self-inclusion. The conformations of the flexible resorcinarene podands in solution were investigated by variable-temperature experiments using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques as well as by computational methods, including a conformational search and subsequent DFT optimisation of representative structures. The 1 H NMR spectra of 1 and 2 at room temperature show a single set of proton signals that are in agreement with C4v symmetry. At low temperatures, the molecules exist as a mixture of boat conformations featuring slow exchange on the NMR timescale. Energy barriers (ΔG≠ 298 ) of 55.5 and 52.0 kJ mol-1 were calculated for the boat-to-boat exchange of 1 and 2, respectively. The results of the ROESY experiments performed at 193 K and computational modelling suggest that in solution the resorcinarene podand 1 adopts a similar conformation to that present in its crystal structure, whereas podand 2 populates a more versatile range of conformations in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pamuła
- Department of ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of JyvaskylaP.O. Box 3540014JyvaskylaFinland
| | - Maija Nissinen
- Department of ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of JyvaskylaP.O. Box 3540014JyvaskylaFinland
| | - Kaisa Helttunen
- Department of ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of JyvaskylaP.O. Box 3540014JyvaskylaFinland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Surin M, Ulrich S. From Interaction to Function in DNA-Templated Supramolecular Self-Assemblies. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:480-498. [PMID: 32328404 PMCID: PMC7175023 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-templated self-assembly represents a rich and growing subset of supramolecular chemistry where functional self-assemblies are programmed in a versatile manner using nucleic acids as readily-available and readily-tunable templates. In this review, we summarize the different DNA recognition modes and the basic supramolecular interactions at play in this context. We discuss the recent results that report the DNA-templated self-assembly of small molecules into complex yet precise nanoarrays, going from 1D to 3D architectures. Finally, we show their emerging functions as photonic/electronic nanowires, sensors, gene delivery vectors, and supramolecular catalysts, and their growing applications in a wide range of area from materials to biological sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)University of Mons-UMONS7000MonsBelgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali W, Ning G, Hassan M, Gong W. Construction of Pillar[5]arene Tetramer-Based Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymers through Hierarchical Charge-Transfer and Host-Guest Interactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wajahat Ali
- School of Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Guiling Ning
- School of Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Mehdi Hassan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Baltistan; Skardu Pakistan
| | - Weitao Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|