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Heithoff DM, Mahan SP, Barnes V L, Leyn SA, George CX, Zlamal JE, Limwongyut J, Bazan GC, Fried JC, Fitzgibbons LN, House JK, Samuel CE, Osterman AL, Low DA, Mahan MJ. A broad-spectrum synthetic antibiotic that does not evoke bacterial resistance. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104461. [PMID: 36801104 PMCID: PMC10025758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical threat to public health and disproportionately affects the health and well-being of persons in low-income and middle-income countries. Our aim was to identify synthetic antimicrobials termed conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) that effectively treated AMR infections and whose structures could be readily modified to address current and anticipated patient needs. METHODS Fifteen chemical variants were synthesized that contain specific alterations to the COE modular structure, and each variant was evaluated for broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and for in vitro cytotoxicity in cultured mammalian cells. Antibiotic efficacy was analyzed in murine models of sepsis; in vivo toxicity was evaluated via a blinded study of mouse clinical signs as an outcome of drug treatment. FINDINGS We identified a compound, COE2-2hexyl, that displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. This compound cured mice infected with clinical bacterial isolates derived from patients with refractory bacteremia and did not evoke bacterial resistance. COE2-2hexyl has specific effects on multiple membrane-associated functions (e.g., septation, motility, ATP synthesis, respiration, membrane permeability to small molecules) that may act together to negate bacterial cell viability and the evolution of drug-resistance. Disruption of these bacterial properties may occur through alteration of critical protein-protein or protein-lipid membrane interfaces-a mechanism of action distinct from many membrane disrupting antimicrobials or detergents that destabilize membranes to induce bacterial cell lysis. INTERPRETATION The ease of molecular design, synthesis and modular nature of COEs offer many advantages over conventional antimicrobials, making synthesis simple, scalable and affordable. These COE features enable the construction of a spectrum of compounds with the potential for development as a new versatile therapy for an imminent global health crisis. FUNDING U.S. Army Research Office, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Heithoff
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Scott P Mahan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lucien Barnes V
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Semen A Leyn
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Cyril X George
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jaime E Zlamal
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey C Fried
- Department of Medical Education, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, 93105, USA; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, 93105, USA
| | - Lynn N Fitzgibbons
- Department of Medical Education, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, 93105, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, 93105, USA
| | - John K House
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - Charles E Samuel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David A Low
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Michael J Mahan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
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Limwongyut J, Moreland AS, Nie C, Read de Alaniz J, Bazan GC. Amide Moieties Modulate the Antimicrobial Activities of Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes against Gram-negative Bacteria. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202100260. [PMID: 35133087 PMCID: PMC8822875 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cationic conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are a class of compounds that can be tailored to achieve relevant in vitro antimicrobial properties with relatively low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Three distyrylbenzene‐based COEs were designed containing amide functional groups on the side chains. Their properties were compared to two representative COEs with only quaternary ammonium groups. The optimal compound, COE2−3C−C3‐Apropyl, has an antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli with an MIC=2 μg mL−1, even in the presence of human serum albumin low cytotoxicity (IC50=740 μg mL−1) and minimal hemolytic activity. Moreover, we find that amide groups increase interactions between COEs and a bacterial lipid mimic based on calcein leakage assay and allow COEs to readily permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli. These findings suggest that hydrogen bond forming moieties can be further applied in the molecular design of antimicrobial COEs to further improve their selectivity towards bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Alex S Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Chenyao Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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Galstyan A, Maurya YK, Zhylitskaya H, Bae YJ, Wu YL, Wasielewski MR, Lis T, Dobrindt U, Stępień M. π-Extended Donor-Acceptor Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation. Chemistry 2020; 26:8262-8266. [PMID: 31968144 PMCID: PMC7384002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Free base, zinc and palladium π‐extended porphyrins containing fused naphthalenediamide units were employed as photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Their efficacy, assessed by photophysical and in vitro photobiological studies on Gram‐positive bacteria, was found to depend on metal coordination, showing a dramatic enhancement of photosensitizing activity for the palladium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhela Galstyan
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Zhylitskaya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA.,Current address: School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Mendelstraße 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
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Zhou C, Chia GWN, Ho JCS, Moreland AS, Seviour T, Liedberg B, Parikh AN, Kjelleberg S, Hinks J, Bazan GC. A Chain-Elongated Oligophenylenevinylene Electrolyte Increases Microbial Membrane Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808021. [PMID: 30908801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE) material, named S6, is designed to have a lipid-bilayer stabilizing topology afforded by an extended oligophenylenevinylene backbone. S6 intercalates biological membranes acting as a hydrophobic support for glycerophospholipid acyl chains. Indeed, Escherichia coli treated with S6 exhibits a twofold improvement in butanol tolerance, a relevant feature to achieve within the general context of modifying microorganisms used in biofuel production. Filamentous growth, a morphological stress response to butanol toxicity in E. coli, is observed in untreated cells after incubation with 0.9% butanol (v/v), but is mitigated by S6 treatment. Real-time fluorescence imaging using giant unilamellar vesicles reveals the extent to which S6 counters membrane instability. Moreover, S6 also reduces butanol-induced lipopolysaccharide release from the outer membrane to further maintain cell integrity. These findings highlight a deliberate effort in the molecular design of a chain-elongated COE to stabilize microbial membranes against environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geraldine W N Chia
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - James C S Ho
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Alex S Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Atul N Parikh
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering,, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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