1
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Zeng Y, Quan Q, Wen P, Zhang Z, Chen M. Organocatalyzed Controlled Radical Copolymerization toward Hybrid Functional Fluoropolymers Driven by Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202215628. [PMID: 36329621 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photo-controlled polymerizations are attractive to tailor macromolecules of complex compositions with spatiotemporal regulation. In this work, with a convenient synthesis for trifluorovinyl boronic ester (TFVB), we report a light-driven organocatalyzed copolymerization of vinyl monomers and TFVB for the first time, which enabled the controlled synthesis of a variety of hybrid fluorine/boron polymers with low dispersities and good chain-end fidelity. The good behaviors of "ON/OFF" switch, chain-extension polymerizations and post-modifications further highlight the versatility and reliability of this copolymerization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the combination of fluorine and boron could furnish copolymer electrolytes of high lithium-ion transference number (up to 0.83), bringing new opportunities of engineering high-performance materials for energy storage purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qinzhi Quan
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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2
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Grobelny A, Lorenc K, Skowron Ł, Zapotoczny S. Synthetic Route to Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Polymer Brushes via Alternating Copolymerization of Bifunctional Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132735. [PMID: 35808780 PMCID: PMC9268968 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternating donor–acceptor conjugated polymers, widely investigated due to their applications in organic photovoltaics, are obtained mainly by cross-coupling reactions. Such a synthetic route exhibits limited efficiency and requires using, for example, toxic palladium catalysts. Furthermore, the coating process demands solubility of the macromolecules, provided by the introduction of alkyl side chains, which have an impact on the properties of the final material. Here, we present the synthetic route to ladder-like donor–acceptor polymer brushes using alternating copolymerization of modified styrene and maleic anhydride monomers, ensuring proper arrangement of the pendant donor and acceptor groups along the polymer chains grafted from a surface. As a proof of concept, macromolecules with pendant thiophene and benzothiadiazole groups were grafted by means of RAFT and metal-free ATRP polymerizations. Densely packed brushes with a thickness up to 200 nm were obtained in a single polymerization process, without the necessity of using metal-based catalysts or bulky substituents of the monomers. Oxidative polymerization using FeCl3 was then applied to form the conjugated chains in a double-stranded (ladder-like) architecture.
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3
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Poisson J, Hudson ZM. Luminescent Surface‐Tethered Polymer Brush Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200552. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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4
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Poisson J, Polgar AM, Fromel M, Pester CW, Hudson ZM. Preparation of Patterned and Multilayer Thin Films for Organic Electronics via Oxygen‐Tolerant SI‐PET‐RAFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Alexander M. Polgar
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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5
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Poisson J, Polgar AM, Fromel M, Pester CW, Hudson ZM. Preparation of Patterned and Multilayer Thin Films for Organic Electronics via Oxygen-Tolerant SI-PET-RAFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19988-19996. [PMID: 34337845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An oxygen-tolerant approach is described for preparing surface-tethered polymer films of organic semiconductors directly from electrode substrates using polymer brush photolithography. A photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) approach was used to prepare multiblock polymer architectures with the structures of multi-layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), including electron-transport, emissive, and hole-transport layers. The preparation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and thermally assisted fluorescence (TAF) trilayer OLED architectures are described. By using direct photomasking as well as a digital micromirror device, we also show that the surface-initiated (SI)-PET-RAFT approach allows for enhanced control over layer thickness, and spatial resolution in polymer brush patterning at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Alexander M Polgar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christian W Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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6
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Li W, Sheng W, Li B, Jordan R. Surface Grafting “Band‐Aid” for “Everyone”: Filter Paper‐Assisted Surface‐Initiated Polymerization in the Presence of Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bin Li
- Physik Department TUM-Technische Universität München James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
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7
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Li W, Sheng W, Li B, Jordan R. Surface Grafting "Band-Aid" for "Everyone": Filter Paper-Assisted Surface-Initiated Polymerization in the Presence of Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13621-13625. [PMID: 33751767 PMCID: PMC8252564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a facile and generalized approach to the modification of solid surfaces with polymer brushes under ambient conditions: filter paper-assisted surface-initiated Cu0 -mediated controlled radical polymerization (PSI-CuCRP). The polymerization solution wetted filter paper is sandwiched between a copper plate and an initiator-modified substrate, which allows the creation of a surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) "band-aid" so that everyone can perform the surface grafting selectively with good control over the quality of the polymer brushes employing low concentration and microliter amounts of the monomer solution. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by grafting different homo-, block-, and multicomponent polymer brushes by using the same activation system and reaction conditions, the polymerization process can be precisely controlled to yield uniform polymers and show high chain-end functionality which is exemplified by in situ tetra-copolymerization. The combination of photolithography and paper cutting enables to prepare arbitrary three-dimensional patterned polymer brushes on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Bin Li
- Physik DepartmentTUM-Technische Universität MünchenJames-Franck-Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
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Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Rapid High‐Resolution 3D Printing and Surface Functionalization via Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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9
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Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Rapid High‐Resolution 3D Printing and Surface Functionalization via Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8839-8850. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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10
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Du Y, Zhang T, Gieseler D, Schneider M, Hafner D, Sheng W, Li W, Lange F, Wegener E, Amin I, Jordan R. Facile Fabrication of Bio- and Dual-Functional Poly(2-oxazoline) Bottle-Brush Brush Surfaces. Chemistry 2020; 26:2749-2753. [PMID: 31826315 PMCID: PMC7064997 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) bottle-brush brushes have excellent biocompatible and lubricious properties, which are promising for the functionalization of surfaces for biomedical devices. Herein, a facile synthesis of POx is reported which is based bottle-brush brushes (BBBs) on solid substrates. Initially, backbone brushes of poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOx) were fabricated via surface initiated Cu0 plate-mediated controlled radical polymerization (SI-Cu0 CRP). Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx) side chains were subsequently grafted from the PIPOx backbone via living cationic ring opening polymerization (LCROP), which result in ≈100 % increase in brush thickness (from 58 to 110 nm). The resultant BBBs shows tunable thickness up to 300 nm and high grafting density (σ) with 0.42 chains nm-2 . The synthetic procedure of POx BBBs can be further simplified by using SI-Cu0 CRP with POx molecular brush as macromonomer (Mn =536 g mol-1 , PDI=1.10), which results in BBBs surface up to 60 nm with well-defined molecular structure. Both procedures are significantly superior to the state-of-art approaches for the synthesis of POx BBBs, which are promising to design bio-functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Du
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesZhongguan West Road, 1219315201NingboChina
| | - Dan Gieseler
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Maximilian Schneider
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Daniel Hafner
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Fred Lange
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Erik Wegener
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Van't Hoff Institute of Molecular Science, University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
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11
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Buss BL, Lim CH, Miyake GM. Dimethyl Dihydroacridines as Photocatalysts in Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylate Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3209-3217. [PMID: 31773858 PMCID: PMC7012661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Development of photocatalysts (PCs) with diverse properties has been essential in the advancement of organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP). Dimethyl dihydroacridines are presented here as a new family of organic PCs, for the first time enabling controlled polymerization of challenging acrylate monomers by O-ATRP. Structure-property relationships for seven PCs are established, demonstrating tunable photochemical and electrochemical properties, and accessing a strongly oxidizing 2 PC.+ intermediate for efficient deactivation. In O-ATRP, the combination of PC, implementation of continuous-flow reactors, and promotion of deactivation through addition of LiBr are critical to producing well-defined acrylate polymers with dispersities as low as 1.12. The utility of this approach is established through demonstration of the oxygen-tolerance of the system and application to diverse acrylate monomers, including the synthesis of well-defined di- and triblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Buss
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Chern-Hooi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- New Iridium LLC, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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12
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Buss BL, Lim C, Miyake GM. Dimethyl Dihydroacridines as Photocatalysts in Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylate Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L. Buss
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Chern‐Hooi Lim
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- New Iridium LLC Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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13
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Che Y, Zhang T, Du Y, Amin I, Marschelke C, Jordan R. "On Water" Surface-initiated Polymerization of Hydrophobic Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16380-16384. [PMID: 30300921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present the "on water" surface-initiated Cu-mediated controlled radical polymerization ("on water" SI-CuCRP) that converts hydrophobic monomers in aqueous reaction medium to polymer brushes at unparalleled speed and efficiency. The method allows the facile conversion of a variety of common monomers under most simple reaction conditions and with minimal monomer amounts to thick and homogeneous polymer brushes. The highly living character of the "on water" SI-CuCRP allowed the preparation of decablock (homo)polymer brushes and opens the pathway to sequentially controlled polymer brushes on solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Che
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yunhao Du
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Marschelke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Che Y, Zhang T, Du Y, Amin I, Marschelke C, Jordan R. “On Water” Surface-initiated Polymerization of Hydrophobic Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Che
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yunhao Du
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie; Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Claudia Marschelke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
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