1
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Eshagh Saatlo R, Oczlon J, Wunsch JF, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Oeser T, Shiri F, Ariafard A, Hashmi ASK. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular 7-endo-dig Cyclization of Triene-Yne Systems: New Access towards Azulenothiophenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402481. [PMID: 38529673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We report the direct synthesis of new azulene derivatives through gold-catalyzed cyclization reactions. A five-membered ring as backbone in the applied triene-yne substrates turned out to be crucial to induce the 7-endo-dig cyclization mode necessary to trigger azulene formation. The obtained targets are of high interest due to their potential applications in different fields, like organic materials, medicine or cosmetics. UV/Vis spectra and cyclic voltammetry were measured, based on these the electronic properties were determined. Short two or three step sequences towards the applied starting materials make this approach synthetically highly attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Eshagh Saatlo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Oczlon
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas F Wunsch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Farshad Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Building 137, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Saatlo RE, Matiba JP, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold(I)-Mediated Cyclizations of Triene-Yne Systems: An Easy Access to Cyclopenta-Fused Anthracenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301671. [PMID: 37283554 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of cyclopenta-fused anthracenes (CP-anthracenes) through a gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization reaction of easily available triene-yne systems bearing a benzofulvene substructure, is reported. The targets are of great interest due to the potential use as organic materials and the preparation of these compounds is gaining huge importance. The applied starting materials are readily available through a three-step synthesis, which further contributes to the advantages of this route. In addition, UV-Vis and fluorescent spectra of the obtained CP-anthracenes were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Eshagh Saatlo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan P Matiba
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Komatsu H, Ikeuchi T, Tsuno H, Arichi N, Yasui K, Oishi S, Inuki S, Fukazawa A, Ohno H. Construction of Tricyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles by a Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Allenynes and Application to Polycyclic π‐Electron Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Takaya Ikeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hitomi Tsuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kosuke Yasui
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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Eppel D, Oberhof N, Dietl MC, Cieslik P, Rudolph M, Eberle L, Krämer P, Stuck F, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. Gold(III) Meets Azulene: A Class of [( tBuC ∧N ∧C)Au III(azulenyl)] Pincer Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eppel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Oberhof
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Cieslik
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Stuck
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Komatsu H, Ikeuchi T, Tsuno H, Arichi N, Yasui K, Oishi S, Inuki S, Fukazawa A, Ohno H. Construction of Tricyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles by a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Allenynes and Application to Polycyclic π-Electron Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27019-27025. [PMID: 34590766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to the direct construction of tricyclic nitrogen heterocycles based on gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of aminoallenynes is described. The expected biscyclization reaction of hydroxyisobutyryl-protected aminoallenynes was efficiently promoted by a catalytic amount of BrettPhosAuNTf2 in the presence of iPrOH to produce 1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole derivatives in good yields. When the reaction was combined with Friedel-Crafts acylation or palladium-catalyzed N-arylation, the resulting tricyclic products were efficiently converted into nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (N-PACs) with highly conjugated π-electron systems. A newly obtained hexacyclic indolium salt showed characteristic concentration-dependent absorption and emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takaya Ikeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tsuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yasui
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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6
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Galiana-Cameo M, Borraz M, Zelenkova Y, Passarelli V, Lahoz FJ, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Oro LA, Di Giuseppe A, Castarlenas R. Rhodium(I)-NHC Complexes Bearing Bidentate Bis-Heteroatomic Acidato Ligands as gem-Selective Catalysts for Alkyne Dimerization. Chemistry 2020; 26:9598-9608. [PMID: 32374897 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of Rh(κ2 -BHetA)(η2 -coe)(IPr) complexes bearing 1,3-bis-hetereoatomic acidato ligands (BHetA) including carboxylato (O,O), thioacetato (O,S), amidato (O,N), thioamidato (N,S), and amidinato (N,N), have been prepared by reaction of the dinuclear precursor [Rh(μ-Cl)(IPr)(η2 -coe)]2 with the corresponding anionic BHetA species. The RhI -NHC-BHetA compounds catalyze the dimerization of aryl alkynes, showing excellent selectivity for the head-to-tail enynes. Among them, the acetanilidato-based catalyst has shown an outstanding catalytic performance reaching unprecedented TOF levels of 2500 h-1 with complete selectivity for the gem-isomer. Investigation of the reaction mechanism supports a non-oxidative pathway in which the BHetA ligand behaves as proton shuttle through intermediate κ1 -HBHetA species. However, in the presence of pyridine as additive, the identification of the common RhIII H(C≡CPh)2 (IPr)(py)2 intermediate gives support for an alternative oxidative route.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Galiana-Cameo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, CP., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina Borraz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, CP., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yaroslava Zelenkova
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, CP., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, CP., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Ctra Huesca S/N, 50090, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, CP., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús J Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, CP., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, CP., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Di Giuseppe
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, CP., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Castarlenas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, CP., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Two Embedded Azulene Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17577-17582. [PMID: 31550407 PMCID: PMC6899884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that contain both five- and seven-membered rings are rare, and those where these rings are annulated to each other and build azulene units have, to date, mainly been generated in minute amounts on surfaces. Herein, a rational approach to synthesize soluble contorted PAHs containing two embedded azulene units in the bulk is presented. By stepwise detachment of tert-butyl groups, a series of three azulene embedded PAHs with different degrees of contortion has been made to study the impact of curvature on aromaticity and conjugation. Furthermore, the azulene PAHs showed high fluorescence quantum yields in the NIR regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 HeidelbergGermany
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8
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Kumar NR, Agrawal AR, Zade SS. Abnormal Nucleophilic Substitution on Methoxytropone Derivatives: Steric Strategy to Synthesize 5-Substituted Azulenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:14064-14071. [PMID: 31364221 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azulene is a non-alternant non-benzenoid aromatic system, and in turn, it possesses unusual photophysical properties. Azulene-based conjugated systems have received increasing interest in recent years as optoelectronic materials. Despite the routes available for the preparation of substituted azulene derivatives, there remain few methods that allow regioselective substitution on the seven-membered ring of azulenes due to the subtle reactivity difference among the various positions. This report explores the reactivity of substituted tropolones as the azulene precursors and also provides a new method to create 5-substituted azulenes. The reaction of cyanoacetate enolate with unsubstituted 2-methoxytropone affords azulene through the attack of the nucleophile on the C-2 center (normal pathway). We have observed that 3-substituted 2-methoxytropones undergo steric-guided nucleophilic addition at the C-7 center (abnormal pathway) to afford 5-substituted azulene derivatives. Based on this observation and DFT calculation, a new synthetic strategy is devised for the regioselective synthesis of 5-substituted multifunctional azulenes, which cannot be accessed by any other method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijeet R Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjio S Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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9
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Two Embedded Azulene Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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10
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Zhang S, Cheng H, Mo S, Yin S, Zhang Z, Wang T. Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Six‐Membered P,O‐Heterocycles
via
Hydration/Intramolecular Cyclization Cascade Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No.620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No.620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No.620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No.620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Zunting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No.620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No.620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
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