1
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Dabringhaus P, Barthélemy A, Krossing I. The Coordination Chemistry and Clustering of Subvalent Ga
+
and In
+
upon Addition of σ‐Donor Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dabringhaus
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Antoine Barthélemy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
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2
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Feng Yun Zhang, Liu C, Liu FL. Theoretical Study on the Stability, Electronic, Magnetic and Spectral Properties of GanAg (n = 1–7) Clusters. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Boronski JT, Stevens MP, van IJzendoorn B, Whitwood AC, Slattery JM. Insights into the Composition and Structural Chemistry of Gallium(I) Triflate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1567-1572. [PMID: 33022877 PMCID: PMC7839670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
"GaOTf" is a simple, convenient source of low-valent gallium for synthetic chemistry and catalysis. However, little is currently known about its composition or reactivity. In this work, 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy shows the presence of [Ga(arene)n ]+ salts on oxidation of Ga metal with AgOTf in arene solvents. However, a more complex picture of speciation is uncovered by X-ray diffraction studies. In all cases, mixed-valence compounds containing Ga-arene and Ga-OTf coordination motifs, in addition to an unusual "naked" [Ga]+ ion, are found. Addition of 18-crown-6 allows for the isolation of a discrete GaI crown complex. Evidence of a potential intermediate in the formation of "GaOTf" has been isolated in the form of the bimetallic silver(I)/gallium(I) cluster anion [Ag4 {Ga(OTf)3 }4 (μ-Ga)6 (OTf)4 ]2- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T. Boronski
- Department of ChemistryThe University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | | | | | - John M. Slattery
- Department of ChemistryThe University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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4
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Boronski JT, Stevens MP, IJzendoorn B, Whitwood AC, Slattery JM. Insights into the Composition and Structural Chemistry of Gallium(I) Triflate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef T. Boronski
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Matthew P. Stevens
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Bono IJzendoorn
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - John M. Slattery
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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5
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Feng Z, Fang Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Stable Radical Cation and Dication of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digallene: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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6
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Feng Z, Fang Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Stable Radical Cation and Dication of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digallene: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6769-6774. [PMID: 31994317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One- and two-electron oxidation of a digallene stabilized by an N-heterocyclic carbene afforded the first stable gallium-based radical cation and dication salts, respectively. Structural analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the oxidation occurs at the Ga=Ga double bond, leading to removal of π electrons of the double bond and a decrease of the bond order. The spin density of the radical cation mainly locates at the two gallium centers as demonstrated by EPR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Moreover, the reactivity of the radical cation salt toward nBu3 SnH and cyclo-S8 was studied; a digallium-hydride cation salt containing a Ga-Ga single bond and a gallium sulfide cluster bearing an unprecedented ladder-like Ga4 S4 core structure were obtained, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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7
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Glootz K, Himmel D, Kratzert D, Butschke B, Scherer H, Krossing I. Why Do Five Ga
+
Cations Form a Ligand‐Stabilized [Ga
5
]
5+
Pentagon and How Does a 5:1 Salt Pack in the Solid State? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Glootz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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8
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Glootz K, Himmel D, Kratzert D, Butschke B, Scherer H, Krossing I. Why Do Five Ga + Cations Form a Ligand-Stabilized [Ga 5 ] 5+ Pentagon and How Does a 5:1 Salt Pack in the Solid State? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14162-14166. [PMID: 31369694 PMCID: PMC6790617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the Ga+ source [Ga(PhF)2 ]+ [Al(ORF )4 ]- with the neutral σ-donor ligand dmap (4-Me2 N-C6 H4 N) produces the unexpectedly large and fivefold positively charged cluster cation salt [Ga5 (dmap)10 ]5+ ([Al(ORF )4 ]- )5 . It includes a regular and planar Ga5 pentagon with strong metal-metal bonding. Additionally, the compound represents the first salt in which an ionic 1:5 packing is realized. We discuss the nature of this structure which results from the conversion of the non-bonding 4s2 lone-pair orbitals into fully Ga-Ga-bonding orbitals and the solid-state arrangement of the ions constituting the lattice as an almost orthohexagonal AX5 lattice, possibly the aristotype of any 5:1 salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Glootz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
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9
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Du J, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhou S, Fang H, Cui P. A Scandium Metalloligand‐Based Heterobimetallic Pd−Sc Complex: Electronic Tuning Through a Very Short Pd→Sc Dative Bond. Chemistry 2019; 25:10149-10155. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University 189 S. Jiuhua Road Wuhu Anhui 241002 P.R. China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University 189 S. Jiuhua Road Wuhu Anhui 241002 P.R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University 189 S. Jiuhua Road Wuhu Anhui 241002 P.R. China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University 189 S. Jiuhua Road Wuhu Anhui 241002 P.R. China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University 189 S. Jiuhua Road Wuhu Anhui 241002 P.R. China
| | - Huayi Fang
- Department of ChemistryFudan University No. 2205 Songhu Road, Yangpu District Shanghai 200438 P.R. China
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University 189 S. Jiuhua Road Wuhu Anhui 241002 P.R. China
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10
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Himmel H. Electron‐Deficient Triborane and Tetraborane Ring Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11600-11617. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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11
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Himmel H. Elektronen‐defizitäre Triboran‐ und Tetraboran‐Ringverbindungen: Synthese, Struktur und Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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12
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Widera A, Wadepohl H, Himmel H. Vier Boratome, vier positive Ladungen und vier Gerüstelektronen: ein fluoreszierendes σ‐aromatisches Tetraboran(4). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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13
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Widera A, Wadepohl H, Himmel HJ. Four Boron Atoms, Four Positive Charges, and Four Skeletal Electrons: A Fluorescent σ-Aromatic Tetraborane(4). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5897-5901. [PMID: 30637912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of a ditriflatodiborane compound with the Lewis acids AlCl3 or GaCl3 leads to abstraction of the two triflate substituents and dimerization of the resulting dicationic diborane to give a σ-aromatic tetracationic tetraborane with a planar, rhomboid B4 core. The compound exhibits four skeletal σ-electrons involved in two (3c,2e) bonds and represents the first stable fourfold base-stabilized [B4 H4 ]4+ analogue. The product is isolated from the reaction mixture in the form of bright orange crystals that display fluorescence. Further analysis shows that the new tetraborane(4) is stabilized in the solid state by the lattice energy. It exhibits an extremely high electron affinity and is only stable in solution after one-electron reduction to the radical cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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