1
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Huang G, Hasegawa S, Hashikawa Y, Ide Y, Hirose T, Murata Y. An H 2 O 2 Molecule Stabilized inside Open-Cage C 60 Derivatives by a Hydroxy Stopper. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103836. [PMID: 34850990 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An H2 O2 molecule was isolated inside hydroxylated open-cage fullerene derivatives by mixing an H2 O2 solution with a precursor molecule followed by reduction of one of carbonyl groups on its orifice. Depending on the reduction site, two structural isomers for H2 O2 @open-fullerenes were obtained. A high encapsulation ratio of 81 % was attained at low temperature. The structures of the peroxosolvate complexes thus obtained were studied by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, and DFT calculations, showing strong hydrogen bonding between the encapsulated H2 O2 and the hydroxy group located at the center of the orifice. This OH group was found to act as a kinetic stopper, and the formation of the hydrogen bonding caused thermodynamic stabilization of the H2 O2 molecule, both of which prevent its escape from the cage. One of the peroxosolvates was isolated by HPLC, affording H2 O2 @open-fullerene with 100 % encapsulation ratio, likely due to the intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Huang
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shota Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Ide
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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2
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Hoffman G, Walkey MC, Gräsvik J, Bacanu GR, Alom S, Bloodworth S, Light ME, Levitt MH, Whitby RJ. A Solid-State Intramolecular Wittig Reaction Enables Efficient Synthesis of Endofullerenes Including Ne@C 60 , 3 He@C 60 , and HD@C 60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8960-8966. [PMID: 33554419 PMCID: PMC8048630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An open-cage fullerene incorporating phosphorous ylid and carbonyl group moieties on the rim of the orifice can be filled with gases (H2 , He, Ne) in the solid state, and the cage opening then contracted in situ by raising the temperature to complete an intramolecular Wittig reaction, trapping the atom or molecule inside. Known transformations complete conversion of the product fullerene to C60 containing the endohedral species. As well as providing an improved synthesis of large quantities of 4 He@C60 , H2 @C60 , and D2 @C60 , the method allows the efficient incorporation of expensive gases such as HD and 3 He, to prepare HD@C60 and 3 He@C60 . The method also enables the first synthesis of Ne@C60 by molecular surgery, and its characterization by crystallography and 13 C NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hoffman
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Mark C. Walkey
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - John Gräsvik
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
- Current address: Iggesund Paperboard ABIggesunds BrukLSKA82580IggesundSweden
| | - George R. Bacanu
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Shamim Alom
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Sally Bloodworth
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Mark E. Light
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Richard J. Whitby
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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3
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Hoffman G, Walkey MC, Gräsvik J, Bacanu GR, Alom S, Bloodworth S, Light ME, Levitt MH, Whitby RJ. A Solid‐State Intramolecular Wittig Reaction Enables Efficient Synthesis of Endofullerenes Including Ne@C
60
,
3
He@C
60
, and HD@C
60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hoffman
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mark C. Walkey
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - John Gräsvik
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Current address: Iggesund Paperboard AB Iggesunds Bruk LSKA 82580 Iggesund Sweden
| | - George R. Bacanu
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Shamim Alom
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Sally Bloodworth
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mark E. Light
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Richard J. Whitby
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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4
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Hashikawa Y, Hasegawa S, Murata Y. Precise Fixation of an NO Molecule inside Carbon Nanopores: A Long‐Range Electron–Nuclear Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shota Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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5
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Hashikawa Y, Hasegawa S, Murata Y. Precise Fixation of an NO Molecule inside Carbon Nanopores: A Long‐Range Electron–Nuclear Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2866-2870. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shota Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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6
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Bloodworth S, Sitinova G, Alom S, Vidal S, Bacanu GR, Elliott SJ, Light ME, Herniman JM, Langley GJ, Levitt MH, Whitby RJ. First Synthesis and Characterization of CH 4 @C 60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5038-5043. [PMID: 30773760 PMCID: PMC6492075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endohedral fullerene CH4 @C60 , in which each C60 fullerene cage encapsulates a single methane molecule, has been synthesized for the first time. Methane is the first organic molecule, as well as the largest, to have been encapsulated in C60 to date. The key orifice contraction step, a photochemical desulfinylation of an open fullerene, was completed, even though it is inhibited by the endohedral molecule. The crystal structure of the nickel(II) octaethylporphyrin/ benzene solvate shows no significant distortion of the carbon cage, relative to the C60 analogue, and shows the methane hydrogens as a shell of electron density around the central carbon, indicative of the quantum nature of the methane. The 1 H spin-lattice relaxation times (T1 ) for endohedral methane are similar to those observed in the gas phase, indicating that methane is freely rotating inside the C60 cage. The synthesis of CH4 @C60 opens a route to endofullerenes incorporating large guest molecules and atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Bloodworth
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Gabriela Sitinova
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Shamim Alom
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Sara Vidal
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - George R. Bacanu
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
- Current address: Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts ChampsFRE 2034 Université de LyonCNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1ENS de Lyon5 Rue de la Doua69100VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Mark E. Light
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Julie M. Herniman
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - G. John Langley
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Richard J. Whitby
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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7
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Bloodworth S, Sitinova G, Alom S, Vidal S, Bacanu GR, Elliott SJ, Light ME, Herniman JM, Langley GJ, Levitt MH, Whitby RJ. First Synthesis and Characterization of CH
4
@C
60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Bloodworth
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Gabriela Sitinova
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Shamim Alom
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Sara Vidal
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - George R. Bacanu
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Current address: Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts ChampsFRE 2034 Université de LyonCNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1ENS de Lyon 5 Rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Mark E. Light
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Julie M. Herniman
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - G. John Langley
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Richard J. Whitby
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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