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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou AD, Symes MD, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion-π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115961. [PMID: 35040543 PMCID: PMC9303940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of rotaxane‐based anion–π catalysts in which the mechanical bond between a bipyridine macrocycle and an axle containing an NDI unit is intrinsic to the activity observed, including a [3]rotaxane that catalyses an otherwise disfavoured Michael addition in >60 fold selectivity over a competing decarboxylation pathway that dominates under Brønsted base conditions. The results are rationalized by detailed experimental investigations, electrochemical and computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R J Maynard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Athanasios D Stergiou
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou A, Symes M, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion‐π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Symes
- University of Glasgow Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H. G. David
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310021 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 China
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4
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Fa S, Egami K, Adachi K, Kato K, Ogoshi T. Sequential Chiral Induction and Regulator‐Assisted Chiral Memory of Pillar[5]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Keisuke Adachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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Fa S, Egami K, Adachi K, Kato K, Ogoshi T. Sequential Chiral Induction and Regulator‐Assisted Chiral Memory of Pillar[5]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20353-20356. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Keisuke Adachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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Alcântara AFP, Fontana LA, Almeida MP, Rigolin VH, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Megiatto JD. Control over the Redox Cooperative Mechanism of Radical Carbene Transfer Reactions for the Efficient Active‐Metal‐Template Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7808-7822. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F. P. Alcântara
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano Estrada do Tamboril 56200-000 Ouricuri Brazil
| | - Liniquer A. Fontana
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marlon P. Almeida
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Vitor H. Rigolin
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Ribeiro
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 29075-910 Vitória Brazil
| | - Wdeson P. Barros
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Jackson D. Megiatto
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
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Brittain WDG, Dalling AG, Sun Z, Duff CSL, Male L, Buckley BR, Fossey JS. Coetaneous catalytic kinetic resolution of alkynes and azides through asymmetric triazole formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15086. [PMID: 31636274 PMCID: PMC6803658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-enzymatic simultaneous (coined coetaneous) kinetic resolution of a racemic alkyne and racemic azide, utilising an asymmetric CuAAC reaction is reported. The use of a CuCl (R,R)-Ph-Pybox catalyst system effects a simultaneous kinetic resolution of two racemic starting materials to give one major triazolic diastereoisomer in the ratio 74:12:4:10 (dr 84:16, 90% ee maj). The corresponding control reaction using an achiral copper catalyst gives the four possible diastereoisomers in a 23:27:23:27 ratio, demonstrating minimal inherent substrate control.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D G Brittain
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew G Dalling
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zhenquan Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cécile S Le Duff
- NMR Facility, School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, West Midlands, UK
| | - Louise Male
- X-Ray Crystallography Facility, School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Benjamin R Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - John S Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK.
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Modicom F, Jamieson EMG, Rochette E, Goldup SM. Chemical Consequences of the Mechanical Bond: A Tandem Active Template-Rearrangement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3875-3879. [PMID: 30600892 PMCID: PMC6589916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the unexpected discovery of a tandem active template CuAAC-rearrangement process, in which N2 is extruded on the way to the 1,2,3-triazole product to give instead acrylamide rotaxanes. Mechanistic investigations suggest this process is dictated by the mechanical bond, which stabilizes the CuI -triazolide intermediate of the CuAAC reaction and diverts it down the rearrangement pathway; when no mechanical bond is formed, the CuAAC product is isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Modicom
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Elise Rochette
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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9
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Modicom F, Jamieson EMG, Rochette E, Goldup SM. Chemical Consequences of the Mechanical Bond: A Tandem Active Template‐Rearrangement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Modicom
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Elise Rochette
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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