1
|
Wang L, Li H, Wang X, Yang X, Tian C, Sun D, Liu L, Li J. Modification of Low-Energy Surfaces Using Bicyclic Peptides Discovered by Phage Display. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17613-17620. [PMID: 37531461 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Solid-binding peptides are a simple and versatile tool for the non-covalent modification of solid material surfaces, and a variety of peptides have been developed by reference to natural proteins or de novo design. Here, for the first time, we report the discovery of a bicyclic peptide targeting the heterogeneous material polypropylene by combining phage display technology and next-generation sequencing. We find that the enrichment properties of bicyclic peptides capable of binding to polypropylene are distinct from linear peptides, as reflected in amino acid abundance and a trend toward negative net charges and high hydrophobicity. The selected bicyclic peptide has a higher binding affinity for polypropylene compared with a previously reported linear peptide, enabling the hydrophilic and adhesive properties of the polypropylene to be more effectively enhanced. Our work paves the way for the exploration and utilization of conformational-restricted cyclic peptides as a new family of functionally evolvable agents for material surface modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haodong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xichu Yang
- Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Demeng Sun
- Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berger O, Battistella C, Chen Y, Oktawiec J, Siwicka ZE, Tullman-Ercek D, Wang M, Gianneschi NC. Mussel Adhesive-Inspired Proteomimetic Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4383-4392. [PMID: 35238544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a synthetic polymer proteomimetic is described that reconstitutes the key structural elements and function of mussel adhesive protein. The proteomimetic was prepared via graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a norbornenyl-peptide monomer. The peptide was derived from the natural underwater glue produced by marine mussels that is composed of a highly repetitive 10 amino acid tandem repeat sequence. The hypothesis was that recapitulation of the repeating unit in this manner would provide a facile route to a nature-inspired adhesive. To this end, the material, in which the arrangement of peptide units was as side chains on a brush polymer rather than in a linear fashion as in the natural protein, was examined and compared to the native protein. Mechanical measurements of adhesion forces between solid surfaces revealed improved adhesion properties over the natural protein, making this strategy attractive for diverse applications. One such application is demonstrated, using the polymers as a surface adhesive for the immobilization of live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Or Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yusu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zofia E Siwicka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson-Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krüger JM, Choi CY, Lossada F, Wang P, Löschke O, Auhl D, Börner HG. Broadening the Chemical Space of Mussel-Inspired Polymerization: The Roll-out of a TCC-Polymer Platform with Thiol–Catechol Connectivities. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana M. Krüger
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ching-Yi Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco Lossada
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Technologies, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Löschke
- Department of Polymer Materials and Technologies, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Auhl
- Department of Polymer Materials and Technologies, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia Z, Lv X, Hou Y, Wang K, Ren F, Xu D, Wang Q, Fan K, Xie C, Lu X. Mussel-inspired nanozyme catalyzed conductive and self-setting hydrogel for adhesive and antibacterial bioelectronics. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2676-2687. [PMID: 33665500 PMCID: PMC7895678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive hydrogels have broad applications ranging from tissue engineering to bioelectronics; however, fabricating adhesive hydrogels with multiple functions remains a challenge. In this study, a mussel-inspired tannic acid chelated-Ag (TA-Ag) nanozyme with peroxidase (POD)-like activity was designed by the in situ reduction of ultrasmall Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with TA. The ultrasmall TA-Ag nanozyme exhibited high catalytic activity to induce hydrogel self-setting without external aid. The nanozyme retained abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups and maintained the dynamic redox balance of phenol-quinone, providing the hydrogels with long-term and repeatable adhesiveness, similar to the adhesion of mussels. The phenolic hydroxyl groups also afforded uniform distribution of the nanozyme in the hydrogel network, thereby improving its mechanical properties and conductivity. Furthermore, the nanozyme endowed the hydrogel with antibacterial activity through synergistic effects of the reactive oxygen species generated via POD-like catalytic reactions and the intrinsic bactericidal activity of Ag. Owing to these advantages, the ultrasmall TA-Ag nanozyme-catalyzed hydrogel could be effectively used as an adhesive, antibacterial, and implantable bioelectrode to detect bio-signals, and as a wound dressing to accelerate tissue regeneration while preventing infection. Therefore, this study provides a promising approach for the fabrication of adhesive hydrogel bioelectronics with multiple functions via mussel-inspired nanozyme catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrong Jia
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuanhan Lv
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Dingguo Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Teachers' College, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chaoming Xie
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang QL, Zheng D, Dong X, Pan P, Zeng SM, Gao F, Cheng SX, Zhang XZ. A Strategy Based on the Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization Reaction of Asp-Phe-Tyr Tripeptide for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5127-5140. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Diwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xue Dong
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Pei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Si-Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Si-Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krüger JM, Börner HG. Accessing the Next Generation of Synthetic Mussel-Glue Polymers via Mussel-Inspired Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6408-6413. [PMID: 33507605 PMCID: PMC7985868 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The formation of cysteinyldopa as biogenic connectivity in proteins is used to inspire a chemical pathway toward mussel-adhesive mimics. The mussel-inspired polymerization (MIPoly) exploits the chemically diverse family of bisphenol monomers that is oxidizable with 2-iodoxybenzoic acid to give bisquinones. Those react at room temperature with dithiols in Michael-type polyadditions, which leads to polymers with thiol-catechol connectivities (TCC). A set of TCC polymers proved adhesive behavior even on challenging poly(propylene) substrates, where they compete with commercial epoxy resins in dry adhesive strength. MIPoly promises facile scale up and exhibits high modularity to tailor adhesives, as proven on a small library where one candidate showed wet adhesion on aluminum substrates in both water and sea water models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana M. Krüger
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems InstitutionDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems InstitutionDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krüger JM, Börner HG. Die nächste Generation synthetischer Muschelkleberpolymere durch muschelinspirierte Polymerisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana M. Krüger
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems Institution Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems Institution Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arias S, Amini S, Horsch J, Pretzler M, Rompel A, Melnyk I, Sychev D, Fery A, Börner HG. Toward Artificial Mussel-Glue Proteins: Differentiating Sequence Modules for Adhesion and Switchable Cohesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18495-18499. [PMID: 32596967 PMCID: PMC7590116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artificial mussel-glue proteins with pH-triggered cohesion control were synthesized by extending the tyrosinase activated polymerization of peptides to sequences with specific modules for cohesion control. The high propensity of these sequence sections to adopt β-sheets is suppressed by switch defects. This allows enzymatic activation and polymerization to proceed undisturbed. The β-sheet formation is regained after polymerization by changing the pH from 5.5 to 6.8, thereby triggering O→N acyl transfer rearrangements that activate the cohesion mechanism. The resulting artificial mussel glue proteins exhibit rapid adsorption on alumina surfaces. The coatings resist harsh hypersaline conditions, and reach remarkable adhesive energies of 2.64 mJ m-2 on silica at pH 6.8. In in situ switch experiments, the minor pH change increases the adhesive properties of a coating by 300 % and nanoindentation confirms the cohesion mechanism to improve bulk stiffness by around 200 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Arias
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesDepartment of Biomaterials14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Justus Horsch
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Pretzler
- Universität WienFakultät für Chemie Institut für Biophysikalische ChemieAlthanstraße 141090WienAustria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität WienFakultät für Chemie Institut für Biophysikalische ChemieAlthanstraße 141090WienAustria
| | - Inga Melnyk
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsHohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Dmitrii Sychev
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsHohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsHohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
- Technische Universität DresdenChair of Physical Chemistry of Polymeric MaterialsHohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arias S, Amini S, Horsch J, Pretzler M, Rompel A, Melnyk I, Sychev D, Fery A, Börner HG. Toward Artificial Mussel‐Glue Proteins: Differentiating Sequence Modules for Adhesion and Switchable Cohesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Arias
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Department of Biomaterials 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Justus Horsch
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Pretzler
- Universität Wien Fakultät für Chemie Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Althanstraße 14 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien Fakultät für Chemie Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Althanstraße 14 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Inga Melnyk
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dmitrii Sychev
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden Chair of Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maron E, Swisher JH, Haven JJ, Meyer TY, Junkers T, Börner HG. Von Peptiden lernen: eine Strategie für das Design funktionaler Präzisionspolymer‐Sequenzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maron
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | | | - Joris J. Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design GroupSchool of ChemistryMonash University 19 Rainforest Walk VIC 3800 Australien
| | - Tara Y. Meyer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design GroupSchool of ChemistryMonash University 19 Rainforest Walk VIC 3800 Australien
- Institute for Materials ResearchHasselt University Martelarenlaan 42 3500 Hasselt Belgium
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maron E, Swisher JH, Haven JJ, Meyer TY, Junkers T, Börner HG. Learning from Peptides to Access Functional Precision Polymer Sequences. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10747-10751. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maron
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Joris J. Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design GroupSchool of ChemistryMonash University 19 Rainforest Walk Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Tara Y. Meyer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design GroupSchool of ChemistryMonash University 19 Rainforest Walk Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Institute for Materials ResearchHasselt University Martelarenlaan 42 3500 Hasselt Belgium
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|