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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou AD, Symes MD, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion-π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115961. [PMID: 35040543 PMCID: PMC9303940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of rotaxane‐based anion–π catalysts in which the mechanical bond between a bipyridine macrocycle and an axle containing an NDI unit is intrinsic to the activity observed, including a [3]rotaxane that catalyses an otherwise disfavoured Michael addition in >60 fold selectivity over a competing decarboxylation pathway that dominates under Brønsted base conditions. The results are rationalized by detailed experimental investigations, electrochemical and computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R J Maynard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Athanasios D Stergiou
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
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2
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou A, Symes M, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion‐π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Symes
- University of Glasgow Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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3
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Gauthier M, Waelès P, Coutrot F. Post-Synthetic Macrocyclization of Rotaxane Building Blocks. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100458. [PMID: 34811956 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although not often encountered, cyclic interlocked molecules are appealing molecular targets because of their restrained tridimensional structure which is related to both the cyclic and interlocked shapes. Interlocked molecules such as rotaxane building blocks may be good candidates for post-synthetic intramolecular cyclization if the preservation of the mechanical bond ensures the interlocked architecture throughout the reaction. This is obviously the case if the modification does not involve the cleavage of either the macrocycle's main chain or the encircled part of the axle. However, among the post-synthetic reactions, the chemical linkage between two reactive sites belonging to embedded elements of rotaxanes still consists of an underexploited route to interlocked cyclic molecules. This Review lists the rare examples of macrocyclization through chemical connection between reactive sites belonging to a surrounding macrocycle and/or an encircled axle of interlocked rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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4
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Waelès P, Gauthier M, Coutrot F. Challenges and Opportunities in the Post-Synthetic Modification of Interlocked Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16778-16799. [PMID: 32894812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several strategies have been successfully utilised to obtain a wide range of interlocked molecules. However, some interlocked compounds are still not obtained directly and/or efficiently from non-interlocked components because the requisites for self-assembly cannot always be enforced. To circumvent such a synthetic problem, a strategy that consists of synthesizing an isolable and storable interlocked building block in a step that precedes its modification is an appealing chemical route to more sophisticated interlocked molecules. Synthetic opportunities and challenges are closely linked to the fact that the mechanical bond might greatly affect the reactivity of a functionality of the encircled axle, but that the interlocked architecture needs to be preserved during the synthesis. Hence, the mechanical bond plays a fundamental role in the strategy employed. This Review focuses on the challenging post-synthetic modifications of interlocked molecules, sometimes through cleavage of the axle's main chain, but always with conservation of the mechanical bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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5
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Waelès P, Gauthier M, Coutrot F. Challenges and Opportunities in the Post‐Synthetic Modification of Interlocked Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
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Cirulli M, Salvadori E, Zhang Z, Dommett M, Tuna F, Bamberger H, Lewis JEM, Kaur A, Tizzard GJ, van Slageren J, Crespo‐Otero R, Goldup SM, Roessler MM. Rotaxane Co II Complexes as Field-Induced Single-Ion Magnets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16051-16058. [PMID: 33901329 PMCID: PMC8361961 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically chelating ligands have untapped potential for the engineering of metal ion properties. Here we demonstrate this principle in the context of CoII -based single-ion magnets. Using multi-frequency EPR, susceptibility and magnetization measurements we found that these complexes show some of the highest zero field splittings reported for five-coordinate CoII complexes to date. The predictable coordination behaviour of the interlocked ligands allowed the magnetic properties of their CoII complexes to be evaluated computationally a priori and our combined experimental and theoretical approach enabled us to rationalize the observed trends. The predictable magnetic behaviour of the rotaxane CoII complexes demonstrates that interlocked ligands offer a new strategy to design metal complexes with interesting functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cirulli
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorinoVia Giuria 710125TorinoItaly
| | - Zhi‐Hui Zhang
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSO 17 1BJUK
| | - Michael Dommett
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science InstituteUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 0PLUK
| | - Heiko Bamberger
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSO 17 1BJUK
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | | | - Graham J. Tizzard
- EPSRC National Crystallographic ServiceUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Rachel Crespo‐Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | | | - Maxie M. Roessler
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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7
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Cirulli M, Salvadori E, Zhang Z, Dommett M, Tuna F, Bamberger H, Lewis JEM, Kaur A, Tizzard GJ, Slageren J, Crespo‐Otero R, Goldup SM, Roessler MM. Rotaxane Co
II
Complexes as Field‐Induced Single‐Ion Magnets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cirulli
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry University of Torino Via Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Zhi‐Hui Zhang
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield SO 17 1BJ UK
| | - Michael Dommett
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 0PL UK
| | - Heiko Bamberger
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield SO 17 1BJ UK
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield SO 17 1BJ UK
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- EPSRC National Crystallographic Service University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Joris Slageren
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Rachel Crespo‐Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | | | - Maxie M. Roessler
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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Gauthier M, Koehler V, Clavel C, Kauffmann B, Huc I, Ferrand Y, Coutrot F. Interplay between a Foldamer Helix and a Macrocycle in a Foldarotaxane Architecture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8380-8384. [PMID: 33475210 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a novel rotaxane/foldaxane hybrid architecture is reported. The winding of an aromatic oligoamide helix host around a dumbbell-shaped thread-like guest, or axle, already surrounded by a macrocycle was evidenced by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The process proved to depend on the position of the macrocycle along the axle and the associated steric hindrance. The macrocycle thus behaves as a switchable shield that modulates the affinity of the helix for the axle. Reciprocally, the foldamer helix acts as a supramolecular auxiliary that compartmentalizes the axle. In some cases, the macrocycle is forced to move along the axle to allow the foldamer to reach its best recognition site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Victor Koehler
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Caroline Clavel
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, UMS3033, IECB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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9
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Gauthier M, Koehler V, Clavel C, Kauffmann B, Huc I, Ferrand Y, Coutrot F. Interplay between a Foldamer Helix and a Macrocycle in a Foldarotaxane Architecture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage Faculté des Sciences Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Victor Koehler
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248) Université de Bordeaux CNRS, IPB 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Caroline Clavel
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage Faculté des Sciences Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux CNRS INSERM, UMS3033 IECB 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248) Université de Bordeaux CNRS, IPB 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage Faculté des Sciences Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
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10
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Leforestier B, Gyton MR, Chaplin AB. Oxidative Addition of a Mechanically Entrapped C(sp)-C(sp) Bond to a Rhodium(I) Pincer Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23500-23504. [PMID: 32929831 PMCID: PMC7756736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By use of a macrocyclic phosphinite pincer ligand and bulky substrate substituents, we demonstrate how the mechanical bond can be leveraged to promote the oxidative addition of an interlocked 1,3-diyne to a rhodium(I) center. The resulting rhodium(III) bis(alkynyl) product can be trapped out by reaction with carbon monoxide or intercepted through irreversible reaction with dihydrogen, resulting in selective hydrogenolysis of the C-C σ-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew R. Gyton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Adrian B. Chaplin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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11
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Leforestier B, Gyton MR, Chaplin AB. Oxidative Addition of a Mechanically Entrapped C(sp)–C(sp) Bond to a Rhodium(I) Pincer Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Leforestier
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Matthew R. Gyton
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Adrian B. Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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12
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Alcântara AFP, Fontana LA, Almeida MP, Rigolin VH, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Megiatto JD. Control over the Redox Cooperative Mechanism of Radical Carbene Transfer Reactions for the Efficient Active‐Metal‐Template Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7808-7822. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F. P. Alcântara
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano Estrada do Tamboril 56200-000 Ouricuri Brazil
| | - Liniquer A. Fontana
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marlon P. Almeida
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Vitor H. Rigolin
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Ribeiro
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 29075-910 Vitória Brazil
| | - Wdeson P. Barros
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Jackson D. Megiatto
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
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