1
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Shimizu T, Whitfield R, Jones GR, Raji IO, Konkolewicz D, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling primary chain dispersity in network polymers: elucidating the effect of dispersity on degradation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13419-13428. [PMID: 38033899 PMCID: PMC10685271 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dispersity has been demonstrated to be instrumental in determining many polymer properties, current synthetic strategies predominantly focus on tailoring the dispersity of linear polymers. In contrast, controlling the primary chain dispersity in network polymers is much more challenging, in part due to the complex nature of the reactions, which has limited the exploration of properties and applications. Here, a one-step method to prepare networks with precisely tuned primary chain dispersity is presented. By using an acid-switchable chain transfer agent and a degradable crosslinker in PET-RAFT polymerization, the in situ crosslinking of the propagating polymer chains was achieved in a quantitative manner. The incorporation of a degradable crosslinker, not only enables the accurate quantification of the various primary chain dispersities, post-synthesis, but also allows the investigation and comparison of their respective degradation profiles. Notably, the highest dispersity networks resulted in a 40% increase in degradation time when compared to their lower dispersity analogues, demonstrating that primary chain dispersity has a substantial impact on the network degradation rate. Our experimental findings were further supported by simulations, which emphasized the importance of higher molecular weight polymer chains, found within the high dispersity materials, in extending the lifetime of the network. This methodology presents a new and promising avenue to precisely tune primary chain dispersity within networks and demonstrates that polymer dispersity is an important parameter to consider when designing degradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 227-8502 Japan
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Glen R Jones
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ibrahim O Raji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University 651 E High St Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University 651 E High St Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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2
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Concurrent control over sequence and dispersity in multiblock copolymers. Nat Chem 2021; 14:304-312. [PMID: 34845344 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling monomer sequence and dispersity in synthetic macromolecules is a major goal in polymer science as both parameters determine materials' properties and functions. However, synthetic approaches that can simultaneously control both sequence and dispersity remain experimentally unattainable. Here we report a simple, one pot and rapid synthesis of sequence-controlled multiblocks with on-demand control over dispersity while maintaining a high livingness, and good agreement between theoretical and experimental molecular weights and quantitative yields. Key to our approach is the regulation in the activity of the chain transfer agent during a controlled radical polymerization that enables the preparation of multiblocks with gradually ascending (Ɖ = 1.16 → 1.60), descending (Ɖ = 1.66 → 1.22), alternating low and high dispersity values (Ɖ = 1.17 → 1.61 → 1.24 → 1.70 → 1.26) or any combination thereof. We further demonstrate the potential of our methodology through the synthesis of highly ordered pentablock, octablock and decablock copolymers, which yield multiblocks with concurrent control over both sequence and dispersity.
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3
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Shimizu T, Truong NP, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A. Tuning Ligand Concentration in Cu(0)-RDRP: A Simple Approach to Control Polymer Dispersity. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:187-195. [PMID: 34901951 PMCID: PMC8662723 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cu(0)-reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a versatile polymerization tool, providing rapid access to well-defined polymers while utilizing mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loadings. However, thus far, this method has not been applied to tailor dispersity, a key parameter that determines the physical properties and applications of polymeric materials. Here, we report a simple to perform method, whereby Cu(0)-RDRP can systematically control polymer dispersity (Đ = 1.07-1.72), while maintaining monomodal molecular weight distributions. By varying the ligand concentration, we could effectively regulate the rates of initiation and deactivation, resulting in polymers of various dispersities. Importantly, both low and high dispersity PMA possess high end-group fidelity, as evidenced by MALDI-ToF-MS, allowing for a range of block copolymers to be prepared with different dispersity configurations. The scope of our method can also be extended to include inexpensive ligands (i.e., PMDETA), which also facilitated the polymerization of lower propagation rate constant monomers (i.e., styrene) and the in situ synthesis of block copolymers. This work significantly expands the toolbox of RDRP methods for tailoring dispersity in polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,Science
& Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical
Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku,
Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
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4
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Chen M, Li J, Ma K, Jin G, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Controlling Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution through a Latent Mediator Strategy with Temporal Programming. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kaiqi Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Guoqin Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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5
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Precise Control of Both Dispersity and Molecular Weight Distribution Shape by Polymer Blending. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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6
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Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Precise Control of Both Dispersity and Molecular Weight Distribution Shape by Polymer Blending. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19383-19388. [PMID: 34133078 PMCID: PMC8456836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The breadth and the shape of molecular weight distributions can significantly influence fundamental polymer properties that are critical for various applications. However, current approaches require the extensive synthesis of multiple polymers, are limited in dispersity precision and are typically incapable of simultaneously controlling both the dispersity and the shape of molecular weight distributions. Here we report a simplified approach, whereby on mixing two polymers (one of high Đ and one of low Đ), any intermediate dispersity value can be obtained (e.g. from 1.08 to 1.84). Unrivalled precision is achieved, with dispersity values obtained to even the nearest 0.01 (e.g. 1.37→1.38→1.39→1.40→1.41→1.42→1.43→1.44→1.45), while maintaining fairly monomodal molecular weight distributions. This approach was also employed to control the shape of molecular weight distributions and to obtain diblock copolymers with high dispersity accuracy. The straightforward nature of our methodology alongside its compatibility with a wide range of polymerisation protocols (e.g. ATRP, RAFT), significantly expands the toolbox of tailored polymeric materials and makes them accessible to all researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 58093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 58093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 58093ZurichSwitzerland
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7
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Chen M, Li J, Ma K, Jin G, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Controlling Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution through a Latent Mediator Strategy with Temporal Programming. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19705-19709. [PMID: 34189823 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer molecular weight distribution (MWD) is a key parameter of polymers. Here we present a robust method for controlling polymer MWD in controlled cationic polymerizations. A latent mediator strategy was designed and combined with temporal programming to regenerate mediators at different times during polymerization. Both the breadths and shapes of MWD curves were tuned easily by adjusting an external light source. Bimodal, trimodal, and tetramodal distributions were obtained, and the breadths could be varied from 1.06 to 2.09. Polymers with different MWDs prepared by this method had good chain end fidelity, which was demonstrated with successful chain-extension experiments. In addition, the introduction of temporal programming with a computer-controlled single chip for the light source opened an avenue for the use of artificial intelligence in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kaiqi Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Guoqin Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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Molar Mass Dispersity Control by Iodine-mediated Reversible-deactivation Radical Polymerization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Rolland M, Lohmann V, Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Understanding dispersity control in
photo‐
atom transfer radical polymerization: Effect of degree of polymerization and kinetic evaluation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Victoria Lohmann
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
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10
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Rolland M, Truong NP, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A. Tailoring Polymer Dispersity in Photoinduced Iron-Catalyzed ATRP. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:459-463. [PMID: 35648502 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although dispersity (Đ) plays an important role in controlling polymer properties, there are very few chemical methods that can sufficiently tune it. Here we report a simple, batch, and environmentally benign photoinduced iron-catalyzed ATRP methodology that enables the efficient control of Đ for both homopolymers and block copolymers. We show that by judiciously varying the concentration of the FeBr3/TBABr catalyst, a range of dispersities can be obtained (1.18 < Đ < 1.80) while maintaining monomodal molecular weight distributions. High end-group fidelity was confirmed by MALDI-ToF-MS and was further supported by the efficient synthesis of in situ block copolymers where the dispersity of the second block could be controlled upon demand. Importantly, through the use of low ppm amounts of the catalyst, perfect temporal control could be attained during intermittent "on/off" cycles. This work considerably expands the chemical toolbox for tuning Đ of homo- and block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Zheng J, Chen C, Goto A. Temperature‐Directed Micellar Morphological Transformation Using CABC‐Block Copolymers and Its Applications in Encapsulation and Hidden Segment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
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12
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Zheng J, Chen C, Goto A. Temperature-Directed Micellar Morphological Transformation Using CABC-Block Copolymers and Its Applications in Encapsulation and Hidden Segment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1941-1949. [PMID: 31733019 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A temperature-directed micellar morphological transformation was developed using CABC multi-block copolymers with a hydrophobic block A, a hydrophilic block B, and a thermally responsive block C with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The micellar structure was switched from a star (below LCST) to a flower (above LCST). The transition temperature was tunable in a wide range (11-90 °C) by varying the C monomer composition. The large difference in the loading capacity between the star and flower enabled efficient encapsulation and controlled release of external molecules. Unlike conventional systems, the present star-to-flower transformation keeps micellar structures and hence does not liberate polymers but only external molecules selectively. Another application is a hidden functional segment. A functional segment is hidden (shielded) below the LCST and exposed to interact with external molecules or surfaces above the LCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Parkatzidis K, Truong NP, Antonopoulou MN, Whitfield R, Konkolewicz D, Anastasaki A. Tailoring polymer dispersity by mixing chain transfer agents in PET-RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a simple and versatile batch methodology to tailor polymer dispersity utilizing PET-RAFT polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials
- Department of Materials
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials
- Department of Materials
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials
- Department of Materials
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials
- Department of Materials
- Zurich
- Switzerland
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14
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Whitfield R, Truong NP, Messmer D, Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Anastasaki A. Tailoring polymer dispersity and shape of molecular weight distributions: methods and applications. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8724-8734. [PMID: 33552458 PMCID: PMC7844732 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03546j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The width and shape of molecular weight distributions can significantly affect the properties of polymeric materials and thus are key parameters to control. This mini-review aims to critically summarise recent approaches developed to tailor molecular weight distributions and highlights the strengths and limitations of each technique. Special emphasis will also be given to applications where tuning the molecular weight distribution has been used as a strategy to not only enhance polymer properties but also to increase the fundamental understanding behind complex mechanisms and phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Daniel Messmer
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
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15
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Liu D, Sponza AD, Yang D, Chiu M. Modulating Polymer Dispersity with Light: Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers Using Photochromic Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16210-16216. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Alvaro D. Sponza
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Dandan Yang
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Melanie Chiu
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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16
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Liu D, Sponza AD, Yang D, Chiu M. Modulating Polymer Dispersity with Light: Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers Using Photochromic Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Alvaro D. Sponza
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Dandan Yang
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Melanie Chiu
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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17
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Whitfield R, Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Tuning Dispersity by Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation: Monomodal Distributions with ppm Copper Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13323-13328. [PMID: 31291503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dispersity significantly affects the properties of polymers. However, current methods for controlling the polymer dispersity are limited to bimodal molecular weight distributions, adulterated polymer chains, or low end-group fidelity and rely on feeding reagents, flow-based, or multicomponent systems. To overcome these limitations, we report a simple batch system whereby photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerisation is exploited as a convenient and versatile technique to control dispersity of both homopolymers and block copolymers. By varying the concentration of the copper complex, a wide range of monomodal molecular weight distributions can be obtained (Đ=1.05-1.75). In all cases, high end-group fidelity was confirmed by MALDI-ToF-MS and exemplified by efficient block copolymer formation (monomodal, Đ=1.1-1.5). Importantly, our approach utilises ppm levels of copper (as low as 4 ppm), can be tolerant to oxygen and exhibits perfect temporal control, representing a major step forward in tuning polymer dispersity for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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18
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Whitfield R, Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Tuning Dispersity by Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation: Monomodal Distributions with ppm Copper Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
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19
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Chen C, Wang CG, Guan W, Goto A. A photo-selective chain-end modification of polyacrylate-iodide and its application in patterned polymer brush synthesis. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01431d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photo-selective chain-end modification of polyacrylate-iodide (polymer-I) was developed. The method was used to generate chain-end patterned polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Wenxun Guan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| |
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