1
|
Han Z, Liu R, Zhang L, Song J, Bai Y, Lu X. Bright Luminescence of Free Radical TEMPO Enabled by Electrochemiluminescence Technique. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7304-7310. [PMID: 38651947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Radicals can feature theoretically 100% light utilization owing to their nonelectron spin-forbidden transition and represent the most advanced luminescent materials at present. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) acts as a typically stable radical with very broad applications. However, their luminescent properties have not been discovered to date. In the present work, we observed the bright electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission of TEMPO with a higher efficiency (72.3%) via the electrochemistry and coreactant strategies for the first time. Moreover, the radical-based ECL achieved high detection toward boron acid with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1.9 nM. This study offers a new approach to generate emissions for some unconventional luminophores and makes a major breakthrough in the field of new luminescent materials as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Han
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Han Z, Shang T, Feng Y, Liu R, Lu X. Artemisinin: a novel chiral electrochemiluminescence luminophore-assisted enantiospecific recognition and mechanism identification. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5581-5588. [PMID: 38638210 PMCID: PMC11023031 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00277f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) molecules with high efficiency and good stability in aqueous solutions is crucial for achieving highly sensitive detection of analytes. However, developing chiral luminophores with efficient ECL performance is still a challenge. Herein, we first uncover that artemisinin (ART), a well-known chiral antimalarial drug, features a strong ECL emission at 726 nm with the assistance of a co-reactant potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), and an ECL efficiency of 195.3%, compared to that of standard Ru(bpy)3Cl2/K2S2O8. Mechanistic studies indicate that the strong ECL signal of ART is generated when the excited state formed by the reduction of ART peroxide bonds and combination with persulfate returns to the ground state. Significantly, we found that the ECL sensor based on chiral ART could efficiently identify and detect chiral cysteine (Cys) through ECL signals, with a lower limit of detection of 3.7 nM for l-Cys. Density functional theory calculations and scanning electrochemical microscopy technology further confirm that the disparity in the ECL signals is attributed to the different affinity between chiral ART and d/l-Cys, resulting in distinct electron transfer rates. The study demonstrates a new role of ART in ECL investigation and for the first time, achieves the development of ART for the enantioselective recognition and sensitive detection of chiral substances. This will be of vital significance for ECL and chirality research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Zhengang Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Tianrui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pavan G, Morgan L, Demitri N, Alberoni C, Scattolin T, Aliprandi A. Highly Efficient Electrochemiluminescence from Imidazole-Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301912. [PMID: 37449461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A family of novel thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters has been synthesized by a straightforward and metal-free synthesis, and structurally characterized. In this work we kept the acceptor moiety, 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzonitrile, fixed and systemically tested different donors to correlate their photophysical and electrochemical properties with their performance in electrochemiluminescence using both benzoyl peroxide as co-reactant and co-reactant free (annihilation) conditions. Some compounds exceeded the efficiency of the standard [Ru(bpy)3 ]Cl2 by up to 28 times with benzoyl peroxide and 38 times in annihilation. Interestingly, we found that the efficiency is mainly dictated by the electrochemical reversibility of the redox processes rather than by the photophysical properties in terms of photoluminescence quantum yields or excited-state lifetime. In addition, the annihilation electrochemiluminescence efficiency strongly depends on the pulse sequence. The imidazole moiety can be conveniently alkylated, thus allowing the insertion of functional groups, such a carboxylic acid, and enabling practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pavan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Morgan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Alberoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fang Y, Zhou Z, Hou Y, Wang C, Cao X, Liu S, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Highly Efficient Wavelength-Resolved Electrochemiluminescence of Carbon Nitride Films for Ultrasensitive Multiplex MicroRNA Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6620-6628. [PMID: 37040595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters of different colors with high ECL efficiency (ΦECL) is appealing yet challenging for ultrasensitive multiplexed bioassays. Herein, we report the synthesis of highly efficient polymeric carbon nitride (CN) films with fine-tuned ECL emission from blue to green (410, 450, 470, and 525 nm) using the precursor crystallization method. More importantly, naked eye-observable and significantly enhanced ECL emission was achieved, and the cathodic ΦECL values were ca. 112, 394, 353, and 251 times those of the aqueous Ru(bpy)3Cl2/K2S2O8 reference. Mechanism studies showed that the density of surface-trapped electrons, the associated nonradiative decay pathways, and electron-hole recombination kinetics were crucial factors for the high ΦECL of CN. Based on high ΦECL and different colors of ECL emission, the wavelength-resolved multiplexing ECL biosensor was constructed to simultaneously detect miRNA-21 and miRNA-141 with superior low detection limits of 0.13 fM and 25.17 aM, respectively. This work provides a facile method to synthesize wavelength-resolved ECL emitters based on metal-free CN polymers with high ΦECL for multiplexed bioassays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Fang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuhua Hou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xuwen Cao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Lu L. Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence and Nitric Oxide Recognition by Halogen Bonding with a Ruthenium(II) Complex. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200421. [PMID: 36808260 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new strategy for NO detection based on the aggregation-induced electrochemical luminescence (AIECL) of a ruthenium-based complex and the halogen bonding effect was developed. First, [Ru(phen)2 (phen-Br2 )]2+ (phen : 1,10-phenanthroline, phen-Br2 : 3,8-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline) was synthesized and exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and AIECL properties in a poor solvent (H2 O). [Ru(phen)2 (phen-Br2 )]2+ exhibited greatly enhanced AIECL properties compared to its AIE intensity. When the volume fraction of water (fw , v %) in the H2 O-acetonitrile (MeCN) system was increased from 30 to 90 %, the photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensities were three- and 800-fold that of the pure MeCN system, respectively. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy results indicated that [Ru(phen)2 (phen-Br2 )]2+ aggregated into nanoparticles. AIECL is sensitive to NO because of its halogen bonding effect. The C-Br⋅⋅⋅N bond between [Ru(phen)2 (phen-Br2 )]2+ and NO increased the distance of complex molecules, resulting in ECL quenching. A detection limit of 2 nM was obtained with 5 orders of magnitude linear range. The combination of the AIECL system and the halogen bond effect expands the theoretical research and applications in biomolecular detection, molecular sensors, and stages of medical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 pingleyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 pingleyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 pingleyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 pingleyuan, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Electrochemistry and Electrochemiluminescence of Resorufin Dye: Synergetic Reductive-Oxidation Boosted by Hydrogen Peroxide. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Sun F, Tan S, Cao H, Xu J, Bregadze VI, Tu D, Lu C, Yan H. Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkynes with Carboranes: Facile Construction of a Library of Boron Cluster‐Based AIE‐Active Luminogens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207125. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Shuaimin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hou‐Ji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Vladimir I. Bregadze
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Deshuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deb M, Hassan N, Chowdhury D, Sanfui MH, Roy S, Bhattacharjee C, Majumdar S, Chattopadhyay PK, Singha NR. Nontraditional Redox Active Aliphatic Luminescent Polymer for Ratiometric pH Sensing and Sensing-Removal-Reduction of Cu(II): Strategic Optimization of Composition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200317. [PMID: 35798327 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, redox active aliphatic luminescent polymers (ALPs) are synthesized via polymerization of N,N-dimethyl-2-propenamide (DMPA) and 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid (MPA). The structures and properties of the optimum ALP3, ALP3-aggregate and Cu(I)-ALP3, ratiometric pH sensing, redox activity, aggregation enhanced emission (AEE), Stokes shift, and oxygen-donor selective coordination-reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) are explored via spectroscopic, microscopic, density functional theory-reduced density gradient (DFT-RDG), fluorescence quenching, adsorption isotherm-thermodynamics, and electrochemical methods. The intense blue and green fluorescence of ALP3 emerges at pH = 7.0 and 9.0, respectively, due to alteration of fluorophores from -C(═O)N(CH3 )2 / -C(═O)OH to -C(O- )═N+ (CH3 )2 / -C(═O)O- , inferred from binding energies at 401.32 eV (-C(O- )═N+ (CH3 )2 ) and 533.08 eV (-C(═O)O- ), significant red shifting in absorption and emission spectra, and peak at 2154 cm-1 . The n-π* communications in ALP3-aggregate, hydrogen bondings within 2.34-2.93 Å (intramolecular) in ALP3 and within 1.66-2.89 Å (intermolecular) in ALP3-aggregate, respectively, contribute significantly in fluorescence, confirmed from NMR titration, ratiometric pH sensing, AEE, excitation dependent emission, and Stokes shift and DFT-RDG analyses. For ALP3, Stokes shift, excellent limit of detection, adsorption capacity, and redox potentials are 13561 cm-1 /1.68 eV, 0.137 ppb, 122.93 mg g-1 , and 0.33/-1.04 V at pH 7.0, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Deb
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India
| | - Nadira Hassan
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India
| | - Deepak Chowdhury
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India
| | - Md Hussain Sanfui
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India
| | - Shrestha Roy
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India
| | | | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, 799022, India
| | - Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay
- Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India
| | - Nayan Ranjan Singha
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun F, Tan S, Cao HJ, Xu J, Bregadze V, Tu D, Lu C, Yan H. Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkynes with Carboranes: Facile Construction of a Library of Boron Cluster‐Based AIE‐Active Luminogens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Sun
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Shuaimin Tan
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hou-Ji Cao
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Vladimir Bregadze
- Russian Academy of Science A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Deshuang Tu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Changsheng Lu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hong Yan
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 22 Hankou Rd. 210093 Nanjing CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Z, Zhou Y, Cui Y, Liang G. Dual-potential electrochemiluminescent film constructed from single AIE luminogens for the sensitive detection of malachite green. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7711-7719. [PMID: 35579044 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting efficient electrochemiluminescent (ECL) luminogens is crucial for the development of high-performance ECL sensors. Herein, a kind of efficient luminogen (BTPEBT) consisting of benzothiadiazole (BTD) as an electron acceptor and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as an electron donor was facilely synthesized through a one-step Suzuki reaction. BTPEBT showed typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effects with a high solid-state quantum yield of 69.8%. The fabricated solid-state ECL film that is based on single AIE luminogens presented unique dual-potential ECL properties for the first time. The bright ECL of this film could be observed by the naked eye with a satisfactory ECL efficiency of 22.8%. The dense ECL film showed a low electron-transfer resistance, which favors electron transfer among AIE luminogens, electrolytes and the electrode, giving rise to bright ECL emission. The bright ECL film was developed as an ECL sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of malachite green (MG) in a broad linear range from 10-10 to 10-5 M. The limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 7.6 × 10-11 M. Moreover, the ECL sensing platform was further employed to detect MG in a real fish tissue sample with high sensitivity and good specificity. More importantly, the recycled BTPEBT film had good reproducibility for MG detection. The novel dual-potential ECL film constructed from single AIE luminogens provides a promising platform for the sensitive detection of MG in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Li
- PCFM lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yusheng Zhou
- PCFM lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yuhan Cui
- PCFM lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Guodong Liang
- PCFM lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Z, Zhou Y, Cui Y, Liang G. A flexible and bright surface-enhanced electrochemiluminescence film constructed from efficient aggregation-induced emission luminogens for biomolecular sensing. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3320-3328. [PMID: 35380155 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bright surface-enhanced electrochemiluminescence film (SEEF) was fabricated from an organic luminogen with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgen) features on flexible substrates. Flexible carbonous substrates including carbon fiber cloth (GCFC) and carbon fiber paper (GCFP) were decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through electrochemical deposition methods, followed by facilely casting AIEgen solutions. The resulting SEEF had a low driving potential of +0.84 V, and its electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was readily observed by the naked eye. The systematic investigation showed that the bright ECL was associated with the promoted electrochemical oxidation and radiative decay of excited AIEgens enhanced by AuNP deposition. Intriguingly, the ECL intensity of the film was linearly enhanced by increasing AIEgen loadings, which allowed tuning of ECL brightness on demand. Moreover, the SEEF was flexible and immune to folding. The ECL intensity rarely changed even when consecutively folding the film 20 times due to the strong interaction between the AIEgen and substrate. The SEEF was further used to sense biomolecules in aqueous media. The ECL of the film was linearly quenched in the presence of dopamine (DA) in the range of 10-15-10-6 M with a record-low limit of detection of 3.16 × 10-16 M. Furthermore, a simple method based on grayscale analysis of ECL images (GAEI) was used for visual sensing of DA. This work provides a kind of novel bright ECL film, useful for the ultrasensitive monitoring of biomolecules in aqueous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Li
- PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yusheng Zhou
- PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yuhan Cui
- PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Guodong Liang
- PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang W, Liu K, Wang G, Liang Y, Huang R, Liu T, Ding L, Peng J, Peng H, Fang Y. Dual-Phase Emission AIEgen with ICT Properties for VOC Chromic Sensing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8501-8507. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhe Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Junxia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang JL, Yang Y, Liang WB, Yao LY, Yuan R, Xiao DR. Highly Stable Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets as a New Generation of Electrochemiluminescence Emitters for Ultrasensitive MicroRNA Detection. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3258-3265. [PMID: 33529534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A pyrene-based sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheet (Py-sp2c-CON) with strong and stable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission was constructed by C═C polycondensation of tetrakis(4-formylphenyl)pyrene (TFPPy) and 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)diacetonitrile, which was employed as a highly efficient ECL emitter to fabricate an ECL biosensor for the first time. The Py-sp2c-CON exhibited higher ECL intensity and efficiency than those of TFPPy, bulk Py-sp2c-COF, and imine-linked pyrene COF, not only because the pyrene luminophores and aggregation-induced emissive luminogens (cyano-substituted phenylenevinylene) were topologically linked into Py-sp2c-CON, which greatly increased the immobilization amount of luminophores and decreased the aggregation-caused quenching effect and nonradiative transition but also because the porous ultrathin structure of Py-sp2c-CON effectively shortened transport distances of an electron, ion, and co-reactant (S2O82-), which made more ECL luminophores be activated and thus efficiently increased the utilization ratio of luminophores. More interestingly, when Bu4NPF6 was introduced into the Py-sp2c-CON/S2O82- system as a co-reaction accelerator, the ECL signal of Py-sp2c-CON was further amplified. As expected, the average ECL intensity of the Py-sp2c-CON/S2O82-/Bu4NPF6 system was about 2.03, 5.76, 24.31, and 190.33-fold higher than those of Py-sp2c-CON/S2O82-, Py-sp2c-COF/S2O82-, TFPPy/S2O82,- and imine-linked pyrene COF/S2O82- systems. Considering these advantages, the Py-sp2c-CON/S2O82-/Bu4NPF6 system was employed to prepare an ECL biosensor for microRNA-21 detection, which exhibited a broad linear response (100 aM to 1 nM) and a low detection limit (46 aM). Overall, this work demonstrated that sp2 carbon CONs can be directly used as a high-performance ECL emitter, thus expanding the application scope of COFs and opening a new horizon to develop new types of ECL emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Dong-Rong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tuning the Liquid Crystallinity of Cholesteryl-o-Carborane Dyads: Synthesis, Structure, Photoluminescence, and Mesomorphic Properties. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A set of mesomorphic materials in which the o-carborane cluster is covalently bonded to a cholesteryl benzoate moiety (mesogen group) through a suitably designed linker is described. The olefin cross-metathesis between appropriately functionalized styrenyl-o-carborane derivatives and a terminal alkenyl cholesteryl benzoate mesogen (all type I terminal olefins) leads to the desired trans-regioisomer, which is the best-suited configuration to obtain mesomorphic properties in the final materials. The introduction of different substituents (R = H (M2), Me (M3), or Ph (M4)) to one of the carbon atoms of the o-carborane cluster (Ccluster) enables the tailoring of liquid crystalline properties. Compounds M2 and M3 show the chiral nematic (N*) phase, whereas M4 do not show liquid crystal behavior. Weaker intermolecular interactions in the solid M3 with respect to those in M2 may allow the liquid crystallinity in M3 to be expressed as enantiotropic behavior, whereas breaking the stronger intermolecular interaction in the solid state of M2 leads directly to the isotropic state, resulting in monotropic behavior. Remarkably, M3 also displays the blue phase, which was observed neither in the chiral nematic precursor nor in the styrenyl-cholesterol model (M5) without an o-carborane cluster, which suggests that the presence of the cluster plays a role in stabilizing this highly twisted chiral phase. In the carborane-containing mesogens (M2 and M3), the o-carborane cluster can be incorporated without destroying the helical organization of the mesophase.
Collapse
|
15
|
Parejo L, Chaari M, Santiago S, Guirado G, Teixidor F, Núñez R, Hernando J. Reversibly Switchable Fluorescent Molecular Systems Based on Metallacarborane-Perylenediimide Conjugates. Chemistry 2021; 27:270-280. [PMID: 32648595 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Icosahedral metallacarboranes are θ-shaped anionic molecules in which two icosahedra share one vertex that is a metal center. The most remarkable of these compounds is the anionic cobalt-based metallacarborane [Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 ]- , whose oxidation-reduction processes occur via an outer sphere electron process. This, along with its low density negative charge, makes [Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 ]- very appealing to participate in electron-transfer processes. In this work, [Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 ]- is tethered to a perylenediimide dye to produce the first examples of switchable luminescent molecules and materials based on metallacarboranes. In particular, the electronic communication of [Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 ]- with the appended chromophore unit in these compounds can be regulated upon application of redox stimuli, which allows the reversible modulation of the emitted fluorescence. As such, they behave as electrochemically-controlled fluorescent molecular switches in solution, which surpass the performance of previous systems based on conjugates of perylendiimides with ferrocene. Remarkably, they can form gels by treatment with appropriate mixtures of organic solvents, which result from the self-assembly of the cobaltabisdicarbollide-perylendiimide conjugates into 1D nanostructures. The interplay between dye π-stacking and metallacarborane electronic and steric interactions ultimately governs the supramolecular arrangement in these materials, which for one of the compounds prepared allows preserving the luminescent behavior in the gel state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Parejo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mahdi Chaari
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Santiago
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Han Z, Zhang R, Du P, Wu Y, Lu X. Switching the Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence of Liposoluble Porphyrin in Aqueous Phase by Molecular Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinpan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Zhengang Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Photoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Peiyao Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Photoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yanxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo J, Feng W, Du P, Zhang R, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Lu X. Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence of Tetraphenylbenzosilole Derivatives in an Aqueous Phase System for Ultrasensitive Detection of Hexavalent Chromium. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14838-14845. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Feng
- SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou International Campus, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou International Campus, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Han Z, Zhang R, Du P, Wu Y, Lu X. Switching the Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence of Liposoluble Porphyrin in Aqueous Phase by Molecular Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23261-23267. [PMID: 32888252 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
By a facile peripheral decoration of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (ATPP) with inherent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active tetraphenylethene (TPE), a versatile AIEgenic porphyrin derivative (ATPP-TPE) was obtained, which greatly abolishes the detrimental π-π stacking and thus surmounts the notorious aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect of ATPP in aqueous phase. The photoluminescence of ATPP-TPE is 4.5-fold stronger than ATPP at aggregation state. Moreover, an unequivocal aggregation induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) of ATPP-TPE was found to be seriously dependent on its aggregation property in aqueous solution with efficiency of 34 %, which is 6 times higher than pure ATPP. The versatility of this molecular structure modulation strategy along with the ACQ-to-AIE transformation in this work provides direction to guide for applying liposoluble porphyrins in aqueous phase by designs of synthetic porphyrin AIEgens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinpan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zhengang Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Photoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peiyao Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Photoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li J, Janoušková O, Fernandez-Alvarez R, Mesíková S, Tošner Z, Kereïche S, Uchman M, Matějíček P. Designed Boron-Rich Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Nano-ion Pairing for Boron Delivery. Chemistry 2020; 26:14283-14289. [PMID: 32492217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Boron-rich particles with the boron fraction ca.10-20 wt % of controllable shape and size that can be easily prepared via simple ion co-assembly are promising material for tumor treatment by boron neutron capture therapy. Electroneutral, dynamic core-shell polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by co-assembly of cationic PEO-block-PGEA diblock copolymer with sodium closo-dodecaborate, Na2 [B12 H12 ]. This is the first example of polymer nanoparticles based on [B12 H12 ]2- nano-ion pairing. The high [B12 H12 ]2- loading is proven by calorimetry at physiological salt concentration. As a result of rational design, rod-, worm- and sphere-like particles were produced and further tested using human glioblastoma and cervical carcinoma cell lines. Rod-like particles yielded the highest internalization capability in all tested cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Alvarez
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Mesíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Tošner
- NMR laboratory, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sami Kereïche
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Purkynie Ustav, Albertov 4, 12 801, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariusz Uchman
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matějíček
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wong JM, Zhang R, Xie P, Yang L, Zhang M, Zhou R, Wang R, Shen Y, Yang B, Wang H, Ding Z. Revealing Crystallization‐Induced Blue‐Shift Emission of a Di‐Boron Complex by Enhanced Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Wong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Peidong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Minlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
- Department of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 111 Ren'an Road, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 111 Ren'an Road, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yue Shen
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Hong‐Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 111 Ren'an Road, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Revealing Crystallization‐Induced Blue‐Shift Emission of a Di‐Boron Complex by Enhanced Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17461-17466. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
22
|
Yang L, Koo D, Wu J, Wong JM, Day T, Zhang R, Kolongoda H, Liu K, Wang J, Ding Z, Pagenkopf BL. Benzosiloles with Crystallization-Induced Emission Enhancement of Electrochemiluminescence: Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Crystallography. Chemistry 2020; 26:11715-11721. [PMID: 32484982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE) was demonstrated for the first time for electrochemilunimescence (ECL) with two new benzosiloles. Compared with their solution, the films of the two benzosiloles gave CIEE of 24 and 16 times. The mechanism of the CIEE-ECL was examined by spooling ECL spectroscopy, X-ray crystal structure analysis, photoluminescence, and DFT calculations. This CIEE-ECL system is a complement to the well-established aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) systems. Unique intermolecular interactions are noted in the crystalline chromophore. The first heterogeneous ECL system is established for organic compounds with highly hydrophobic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Donghyun Koo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Jackie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Day
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Harshana Kolongoda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Kehan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Brian L Pagenkopf
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo W, Ding H, Zhou P, Wang Y, Su B. Electrochemiluminescence Waveguide in Single Crystalline Molecular Wires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jin Z, Zhu X, Wang N, Li Y, Ju H, Lei J. Electroactive Metal–Organic Frameworks as Emitters for Self‐Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence in Aqueous Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10446-10450. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ningning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yafei Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jin Z, Zhu X, Wang N, Li Y, Ju H, Lei J. Electroactive Metal–Organic Frameworks as Emitters for Self‐Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence in Aqueous Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ningning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yafei Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ding H, Guo W, Su B. Electrochemiluminescence Single‐Cell Analysis: Intensity‐ and Imaging‐Based Methods. Chempluschem 2020; 85:725-733. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Recent Progress in the Development of Solid‐State Luminescent
o
‐Carboranes with Stimuli Responsivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
28
|
Ochi J, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Recent Progress in the Development of Solid-State Luminescent o-Carboranes with Stimuli Responsivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9841-9855. [PMID: 32009291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
o-Carborane, a cluster compound containing boron and adjacent carbon atoms, displays intriguing luminescent properties. Recently, compounds containing o-carborane units were found to show suppressed aggregation-induced quenching and intense solid-state emission; they also show potential for the development of stimuli-responsive luminochromic materials. In this Minireview, we introduce three kinds of fundamental photochemical properties: aggregation-induced emission, twisted intramolecular charge transfer in crystals, and environment-sensitive excimer formation in solids. Based on these properties, several types of luminochromism, such as thermos-, vapo-, and mechanochromism, have been discovered. Based mainly on results from recent studies, we illustrate these mechanisms as well as unique luminescent behaviors of o-carborane derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu Y, Han Z, Wei L, Sun H, Wang T, Chen J, Zhang R, Lu X. Depolymerization-Induced Electrochemiluminescence of Insoluble Porphyrin in Aqueous Phase. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5464-5472. [PMID: 32141290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exploring efficient and robust electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance of liposoluble porphyrins in aqueous phase for analytical purposes especially for important biological targets is still very challenging. In this work, a novel depolymerization-induced electrochemiluminescence (DIECL) of porphyrin and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) self-assembly through a coreactant route was discovered. Among the studied meso-tetrasubstituted porphyrins, self-assembly of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin (THPP) and β-CD (THPP@β-CD) exhibits the best DIECL behavior with high efficiency (21.8%) as well as good reproducibility and stability. A mechanistic study suggests that the facile complexation of porphyrins with amphiphilic β-CD via hydrogen bonding interaction greatly improves the water insolubility and the aggregation-caused deficient ECL of liposoluble porphyrins in aqueous solution. Furthermore, because of the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups on THPP@β-CD and a highly electronegative substrate, such THPP@β-CD is found to serve as an efficient luminophore for recognition of most electronegative fluoride (F-) in the aqueous phase with high sensitivity and selectivity, together with a low limit of detection (0.74 μΜ). The simplicity of this THPP@β-CD and its unique DIECL property in current work provides a new guide for the ECL applications of liposoluble porphyrins in aqueous phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengang Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Heshui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Photoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Photoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ni J, Min T, Li Y, Zha M, Zhang P, Ho CL, Li K. Planar AIEgens with Enhanced Solid‐State Luminescence and ROS Generation for Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria Treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jen‐Shyang Ni
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Tianliang Min
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Menglei Zha
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of NanomedicineCAS Key Laboratory of Health InformaticsShenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for MedicineInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chun Loong Ho
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ni J, Min T, Li Y, Zha M, Zhang P, Ho CL, Li K. Planar AIEgens with Enhanced Solid‐State Luminescence and ROS Generation for Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria Treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10179-10185. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jen‐Shyang Ni
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Tianliang Min
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Menglei Zha
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of NanomedicineCAS Key Laboratory of Health InformaticsShenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for MedicineInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chun Loong Ho
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo W, Ding H, Zhou P, Wang Y, Su B. Electrochemiluminescence Waveguide in Single Crystalline Molecular Wires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6745-6749. [PMID: 31944544 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the first observation of active waveguide of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in single crystalline molecular wires self-assembled from cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes, namely tris(1-phenylisoquinoline-C2 , N) (Ir(piq)3 ). Under dark conditions, the molecular wires deposited on the electrode surface can act as both ECL emitters and active waveguides. As revealed by ECL microscopy, they exhibit the typical characteristics of optical waveguides, transmitting ECL and generating much brighter ECL emission at their terminals. Moreover, self-generated ECL can be confined inside the molecular wire and propagates along the longitudinal direction as far as ≈100 μm to the terminal out of touch with the electrode. Therefore, this one-dimensional crystalline molecular wire-based waveguide offers the opportunity to switch the electrochemically generated ECL to remote light emission in non-conductive regions and is promising for contactless electrochemical analysis and study of (bio)chemical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Huang W, Hu GB, Yao LY, Yang Y, Liang WB, Yuan R, Xiao DR. Matrix Coordination-Induced Electrochemiluminescence Enhancement of Tetraphenylethylene-Based Hafnium Metal–Organic Framework: An Electrochemiluminescence Chromophore for Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Construction. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3380-3387. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials
and Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gui-Bing Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials
and Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li-Ying Yao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials
and Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials
and Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials
and Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials
and Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong-Rong Xiao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials
and Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peng H, Huang Z, Deng H, Wu W, Huang K, Li Z, Chen W, Liu J. Dual Enhancement of Gold Nanocluster Electrochemiluminescence: Electrocatalytic Excitation and Aggregation‐Induced Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:9982-9985. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Peng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhongnan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhenglian Li
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of ChemistryWaterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peng H, Huang Z, Deng H, Wu W, Huang K, Li Z, Chen W, Liu J. Dual Enhancement of Gold Nanocluster Electrochemiluminescence: Electrocatalytic Excitation and Aggregation‐Induced Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Peng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhongnan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhenglian Li
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of ChemistryWaterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhao T, Zhou Q, Lv Y, Han D, Wu K, Zhao L, Shen Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Ultrafast Condensation of Carbon Nitride on Electrodes with Exceptional Boosted Photocurrent and Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yanqin Lv
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Dan Han
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Lufang Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao T, Zhou Q, Lv Y, Han D, Wu K, Zhao L, Shen Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Ultrafast Condensation of Carbon Nitride on Electrodes with Exceptional Boosted Photocurrent and Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1139-1143. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yanqin Lv
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Dan Han
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Lufang Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang X, Zhang B, Zhang S, Li G, Xu L, Wang Z, Li P, Zhang Y, Liu Z, He G. The Marriage of Carborane with Chalcogen Atoms: Nonconjugation, σ−π Conjugation, and Intramolecular Charge Transfer. Org Lett 2019; 21:8285-8289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Sikun Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Zishun Liu
- International Center for Applied Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei X, Zhu MJ, Yan H, Lu C, Xu JJ. Recent Advances in Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence. Chemistry 2019; 25:12671-12683. [PMID: 31283848 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the rising alliance between aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is defined as aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL). The booming science of AIE has proved to be not only distinguished in luminescent materials but could also inject new possibility into ECL analysis. Especially in the aqueous phase and solid state for hydrophobic materials, AIE helps ECL circumvent the dilemma between substantial emission intensity and biocompatible media. The wide range of analytes makes ECL an overwhelmingly interesting analytical technique. Therefore, AIECL has gained potential in clinical diagnostics, environmental assays, and biomarker detections. This review will focus on introduction of the novel concept of AIECL, current applied luminophores, and related applications developed in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Jiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Peng H, Huang Z, Sheng Y, Zhang X, Deng H, Chen W, Liu J. Pre‐oxidation of Gold Nanoclusters Results in a 66 % Anodic Electrochemiluminescence Yield and Drives Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11691-11694. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Peng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhongnan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Yilun Sheng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Peng H, Huang Z, Sheng Y, Zhang X, Deng H, Chen W, Liu J. Pre‐oxidation of Gold Nanoclusters Results in a 66 % Anodic Electrochemiluminescence Yield and Drives Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Peng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhongnan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Yilun Sheng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|