1
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Su Z, Zhang F, Cao W, Liu X, Feng X. [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Naphthyl 1-Propargyl Ethers: para-Propargylation and Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211785. [PMID: 36317655 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The para-Claisen rearrangement of aryl 1-propargyl ethers involves two-step [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements and dearomatization process, which has high activation barriers and is of challenge. Here we discovered thermal para-Claisen rearrangement of naphthyl 1-propargyl ethers, and it enabled the formation of formal para-C-H propargylation products upon rearomatization. Chirality transfer occurred if optically active propargyl ethers were employed, leading to the construction of aryl/propargyl-containing stereogenic centers. Moreover, catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of naphthyl 1-propargyl ethers with different substitution at para-position gave access to benzocyclohexenones bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. The reaction was accelerated by a chiral N,N'-dioxide/Co(OTf)2 complex catalyst to achieve high yields (up to 98 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 93 % ee). The DFT calculations and experimental results provided important clues to clarify the para-Claisen rearrangement process as well as the chiral induction and remote delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Fengcai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Weidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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2
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Su Z, Zhang F, Cao W, Liu X, Feng X. [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Naphthyl 1‐Propargyl Ethers:
para
‐Propargylation and Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Fengcai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Weidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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3
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Chen Z, Tan M, Shan C, Yuan X, Chen L, Shi J, Lan Y, Li Y. Aryne 1,4‐Disubstitution and Remote Diastereoselective 1,2,4‐Trisubstitution via a Nucleophilic Annulation‐[5,5]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212160. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Chen
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Min Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan, 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
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4
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Wang X, Dong ZB. A Recent Progress for the Synthesis of Thioester Compounds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering 430205 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Environmental Engeering Liufang Campus, No. 206, Guanggu 1st Road 430205 Wuhan CHINA
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5
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Luo F, Zhou H, Chen XB, Liu XJ, Chen XD, Qian PF, Wu XP, Wang W, Zhang SL. Synthesis of α-Aryl Primary Amides from α-Silyl Nitriles and Aryl Sulfoxides through [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Org Lett 2022; 24:1700-1705. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bei Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Neutan Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Building 26, No. 555 Huanqiao Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Shanghai Neutan Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Building 26, No. 555 Huanqiao Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Qian
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Shi-Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang L, Bao W, Liang Y, Pan W, Li D, Kong L, Wang ZX, Peng B. Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Type [3,3]-Rearrangement: Switching from Z- to E-Selective α-Arylation by New Rearrangement Partners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11414-11422. [PMID: 33644970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
α-aryl α,β-unsaturated carbonyls represent an important class of derivatizable synthetic intermediates, however, the synthesis of such compounds still remains a challenge. Recently, we showcased a novel Z-selective α-arylation of α,β-unsaturated nitriles with aryl sulfoxides via [3,3]-rearrangement involving an Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) process. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of reversing the stereoselectivity of such MBH-type [3,3]-rearrangement by switching to a new pair of rearrangement partners consisting of aryl iodanes and α,β-unsaturated oxazolines. As a result, the two protocols complement each other in approaching E- or Z-α-aryl α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives. Mechanistic studies reveal a possible reaction pathway and provide an explanation for the opposite stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Wangzhen Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yuchen Liang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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7
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Zhang L, Bao W, Liang Y, Pan W, Li D, Kong L, Wang Z, Peng B. Morita–Baylis–Hillman‐Type [3,3]‐Rearrangement: Switching from
Z
‐ to
E
‐Selective α‐Arylation by New Rearrangement Partners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Wangzhen Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Yuchen Liang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
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8
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Chen M, Liang Y, Dong T, Liang W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Huang X, Kong L, Wang ZX, Peng B. Z-Selective α-Arylation of α,β-Unsaturated Nitriles via [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2339-2345. [PMID: 33017503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction and [3, 3]-sigmatropic rearrangement are two paradigms in organic synthesis. We have merged the two types of reactions to achieve [3,3]-rearrangement of aryl sulfoxides with α,β-unsaturated nitriles. The reaction was achieved by sequentially treating both coupling partners with electrophilic activator (Tf2 O) and base, offering an effective approach to prepare synthetically versatile α-aryl α,β-unsaturated nitriles with Z-selectivity through direct α-C-H arylation of unmodified α,β-unsaturated nitriles. The control experiments and DFT calculations support a four-stage reaction sequence, including the assembly of Tf2 O activated aryl sulfoxide with α,β-unsaturated nitrile, MBH-like Lewis base addition, [3,3]-rearrangement, and E1cB-elimination. Among these stages, the Lewis base addition is diastereoselective and E1cB-elimination is cis-selective, which could account for the remarkable Z-selectivity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yuchen Liang
- School of Chemical Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Taotao Dong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Weijian Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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9
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Chen M, Liang Y, Dong T, Liang W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Huang X, Kong L, Wang Z, Peng B. Z
‐Selective α‐Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles via [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Yuchen Liang
- School of Chemical Science University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Taotao Dong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Weijian Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Science University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
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10
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Kinoshita J, Baralle A, Yoshida A, Yanagi T, Nogi K, Yorimitsu H. A Route to Indoles via Modified Fischer Indole Intermediates from Sulfonanilides and Ketene Dithioacetal Monoxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Alexandre Baralle
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yanagi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keisuke Nogi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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11
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Hu M, He JN, Liu Y, Dong T, Chen M, Yan C, Ye Y, Peng B. [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Aryl Fluoroalkyl Sulfoxides with Alkyl Nitriles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
| | - Jia-Ni He
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
| | - Taotao Dong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
| | - Yulu Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
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12
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Yanagi T, Nogi K, Yorimitsu H. Construction of Biaryls from Aryl Sulfoxides and Anilines by Means of a Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Chemistry 2019; 26:783-787. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yanagi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keisuke Nogi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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13
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Hori M, Nogi K, Nagaki A, Yorimitsu H. Annulative Synthesis of Thiazoles and Oxazoles from Alkenyl Sulfoxides and Nitriles via Additive Pummerer Reaction. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuki Hori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keisuke Nogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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