1
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Wang Z, Cheng Q, Peng RK, Yan P, Zeng R, Tian WJ, Pan B, Gu J, Li YL, Ouyang Q. An Oxidant- and Catalyst-Free Electrooxidative Cross-Coupling Approach to Synthesize meso-Substituted Porphyrin Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4742-4749. [PMID: 35302772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of porphyrin and chlorin derivatives has attracted significant attention due to their numerous applications. Herein, we report an environment friendly oxidant- and catalyst-free electrooxidative cross-coupling approach for multiple coupling reactions to synthesize meso C-N, C-O, and C-S substituted porphyrin and chlorin derivatives. For C-N cross-coupling reactions, diaminated porphyrins were obtained as the main products, while using 4-bromo-2,6-dimethyl aniline resulted in monoaminated product. Similarly, electrochemical catalysis of porphyrins with phenol and thiophene produced meso-disubstituted porphyrins in moderate yields under a smaller current. Chlorins were also applicable, and 20-substituted products were efficiently produced regioselectively. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first example of electrooxidative C-X cross-coupling of porphyrins and chlorins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military of Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qi Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military of Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Rui-Kun Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military of Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Peng Yan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, PR China
| | - Rong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military of Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Tian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, PR China
| | - Bin Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military of Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jing Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military of Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, PR China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military of Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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2
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Yang J, Yu M, Jiang L. Fe‐catalyzed Dehydrogenative C−S Bond Formation for Access to 3‐Alkyl‐2‐(
N
‐aroyl)imino‐benzo[
d
]thiazolines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Enginerring East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Enginerring East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Liqin Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Enginerring East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
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3
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Huang C, Li Z, Song J, Xu H. Catalyst‐ and Reagent‐Free Formal Aza‐Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous‐Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhao‐Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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4
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Huang C, Li ZY, Song J, Xu HC. Catalyst- and Reagent-Free Formal Aza-Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous-Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11237-11241. [PMID: 33666312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sustainable methods to access saturated N-heterocycles is of great importance because of the prevalence of these structures in natural products and bioactive compounds. Pd-catalyzed aza-Wacker type cyclization is a powerful method and provides access to N-heterocycles bearing an alkene moiety available for further synthetic manipulations from readily available materials. Herein we disclose a catalyst- and reagent-free formal aza-Wacker type cyclization reaction for the synthesis of functionalized saturated N-heterocycles. Key to the success is to conduct the reactions in a continuous-flow electrochemical reactor without adding supporting electrolyte or additives. The reactions are characterized by broad tolerance of di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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5
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Mitsudo K. Electro-Oxidative Coupling Reactions Leading to π-Conjugated Compounds. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2269-2276. [PMID: 33735536 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical reactions are rapidly gaining attention today as a powerful and environmentally benign reaction processes for organic synthesis. We found that the electro-oxidation of palladium acetate afforded cationic palladium species and thus-generated cationic Pd species were efficient mediators for electro-oxidative coupling reactions. Homo-coupling of arylboronic acids and terminal alkynes proceeded efficiently to afford biaryls and butadiyne, respectively. Cross-coupling reactions between terminal alkynes and arylboronic acids were also achieved with the use of a Ag anode. As an advantage of electrochemical reactions, we developed a sequential reaction system switched between oxidative and neutral conditions by the on/off application of electricity, and several π-extended butadiynes were obtained in one-sequence by the system. Electrochemical intramolecular C-S coupling for the synthesis of thienoacene was also developed. The use of Bu4 NBr as a halogen mediator was essential for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Mitsudo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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6
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Yu W, Zhu B, Shi F, Zhou P, Wu W, Jiang H. Selective Synthesis of Non‐Aromatic Five‐Membered Sulfur Heterocycles from Alkynes by using a Proton Acid/
N
‐Chlorophthalimide System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Baiyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Fuxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Institute of Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Peiqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
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7
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Yu W, Zhu B, Shi F, Zhou P, Wu W, Jiang H. Selective Synthesis of Non‐Aromatic Five‐Membered Sulfur Heterocycles from Alkynes by using a Proton Acid/
N
‐Chlorophthalimide System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1313-1322. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Baiyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Fuxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Institute of Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Peiqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
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8
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Hua J, Fang Z, Bian M, Ma T, Yang M, Xu J, Liu C, He W, Zhu N, Yang Z, Guo K. Electrochemical Synthesis of Spiro[4.5]trienones through Radical-Initiated Dearomative Spirocyclization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2053-2059. [PMID: 32012457 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel and green route has been developed for the electrochemical synthesis of spiro[4.5]trienones through radical-initiated dearomative spirocyclization of alkynes with diselenides. This metal-free and oxidant-free electrosynthesis reaction was performed in an undivided cell under mild conditions. A variety of selenation spiro[4.5]trienones products were prepared in moderate-to-good yields, showing a broad scope and functional group tolerance. Moreover, the developed continuous-flow system combined with electrosynthesis possesses the potential to achieve scaled-up reactions, overcoming the low efficiency of conventional electrochemical scaled-up reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hua
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Mixue Bian
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Man Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - ChengKou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210003, P.R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
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9
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Mitsudo K, Matsuo R, Yonezawa T, Inoue H, Mandai H, Suga S. Electrochemical Synthesis of Thienoacene Derivatives: Transition‐Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative C−S Coupling Promoted by a Halogen Mediator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Mitsudo
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Ren Matsuo
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Toki Yonezawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Haruka Inoue
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Hiroki Mandai
- Department of Medical Technology Gifu University of Medical Science 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani Gifu 5 09-0293 Japan
| | - Seiji Suga
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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10
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Mitsudo K, Matsuo R, Yonezawa T, Inoue H, Mandai H, Suga S. Electrochemical Synthesis of Thienoacene Derivatives: Transition‐Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative C−S Coupling Promoted by a Halogen Mediator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7803-7807. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Mitsudo
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Ren Matsuo
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Toki Yonezawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Haruka Inoue
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Hiroki Mandai
- Department of Medical Technology Gifu University of Medical Science 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani Gifu 5 09-0293 Japan
| | - Seiji Suga
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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11
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Wang Y, Tian B, Ding M, Shi Z. Electrochemical Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling between Phenols and β-Dicarbonyl Compounds: Facile Construction of Benzofurans. Chemistry 2020; 26:4297-4303. [PMID: 31900957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Preparative electrochemical synthesis is an ideal method for establishing green, sustainable processes. The major benefits of an electro-organic strategy over that of conventional chemical synthesis are the avoidance of reagent waste and mild reaction conditions. Here, an intermolecular cross-dehydrogenative coupling between phenols and β-dicarbonyl compounds has been developed to build various benzofurans under undivided electrolytic conditions. Neither transition metals nor external chemical oxidants are required to facilitate the dehydrogenation and dehydration processes. The key factor in success was the use of nBu4 NBF4 as the electrolyte and hexafluoroisopropanol as the solvent, which play key roles in the cyclocondensation step. This electrolysis is scalable and can be used as a key step in drug synthesis. On the basis of several experimental results, the mechanism, particularly of the remarkable anodic oxidation and cyclization process, was illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Bailin Tian
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
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12
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Zhang W, Carpenter KL, Lin S. Electrochemistry Broadens the Scope of Flavin Photocatalysis: Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Unactivated Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:409-417. [PMID: 31617271 PMCID: PMC6923568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin-derived photocatalysts have been extensively studied in the context of alcohol oxidation. However, to date, the scope of this catalytic methodology has been limited to benzyl alcohols. In this work, mechanistic understanding of flavin-catalyzed oxidation reactions, in either the absence or presence of thiourea as a cocatalyst, was obtained. The mechanistic insights enabled development of an electrochemically driven photochemical oxidation of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols using a pair of flavin and dialkylthiourea catalysts. Electrochemistry makes it possible to avoid using O2 and an oxidant and generating H2 O2 as a byproduct, both of which oxidatively degrade thiourea under the reaction conditions. This modification unlocks a new mechanistic pathway in which the oxidation of unactivated alcohols is achieved by thiyl radical mediated hydrogen-atom abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Keith L Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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13
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Zhang W, Carpenter KL, Lin S. Electrochemistry Broadens the Scope of Flavin Photocatalysis: Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Unactivated Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Keith L. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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