1
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Klein M, Waldvogel SR. Counter Electrode Reactions-Important Stumbling Blocks on the Way to a Working Electro-organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204140. [PMID: 35668714 PMCID: PMC9828107 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, electro-organic synthesis has gained significant interest, both in technical and academic research as well as in terms of applications. The omission of stoichiometric oxidizers or reducing agents enables a more sustainable route for redox reactions in organic chemistry. Even if it is well-known that every electrochemical oxidation is only viable with an associated reduction reaction and vice versa, the relevance of the counter reaction is often less addressed. In this Review, the importance of the corresponding counter reaction in electro-organic synthesis is highlighted and how it can affect the performance and selectivity of the electrolytic conversion. A selection of common strategies and unique concepts to tackle this issue are surveyed to provide a guide to select appropriate counter reactions for electro-organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klein
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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2
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Yuan Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhang X. Fe(III)‐Mediated
para
‐Selective Nucleophilic Thiocyanation and Oxidation Reactions, Access to Thiocyanated Amidophenols and Amidoquinones. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - HongLing Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
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3
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Bystron T, Devadas B, Bouzek K, Svoboda J, Kolarikova V, Kvicala J. Anodic Oxidation of Iodobenzene and Iodobenzoic Acids in Acetic Acid Environment – Electrochemical Investigation and Density Functional Theory Study. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bystron
- Department of Inorganic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Balamurugan Devadas
- Department of Inorganic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Karel Bouzek
- Department of Inorganic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Organic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Viola Kolarikova
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kvicala
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
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4
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Kong X, Lin L, Chen X, Chen Y, Wang W, Xu B. Electrochemical Oxidative Syntheses of NH-Sulfoximines, NH-Sulfonimidamides and Dibenzothiazines via Anodically Generated Hypervalent Iodine Intermediates. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3277-3282. [PMID: 34292660 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general method for the synthesis of NH-sulfoximines and NH-sulfonimidamides through direct electrochemical oxidative catalysis involving an iodoarene(I)/iodoarene(III) redox couple. In addition, dibenzothiazines can be synthesized from [1,1'-biaryl]-2-sulfides under standard conditions. Notably, only a catalytic amount of iodoarene is required for the generation in situ of an active hypervalent iodine catalyst, which avoids the need for an excess of a hypervalent iodine reagent relative to conventional approaches. Moreover, this protocol features broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance, delivering the target compounds with good-to-excellent yields even for a scale of more than 10 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Kong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No. 666 Liaohe Road, Changzhou, 213032, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Long Lin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No. 666 Liaohe Road, Changzhou, 213032, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No. 666 Liaohe Road, Changzhou, 213032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No. 666 Liaohe Road, Changzhou, 213032, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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5
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Sokolovs I, Mohebbati N, Francke R, Suna E. Electrochemical Generation of Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15832-15837. [PMID: 33894098 PMCID: PMC8362160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In sharp contrast to hypervalent iodine(III) compounds, the isoelectronic bromine(III) counterparts have been little studied to date. This knowledge gap is mainly attributed to the difficult-to-control reactivity of λ3 -bromanes as well as to their challenging preparation from the highly toxic and corrosive BrF3 precursor. In this context, we present a straightforward and scalable approach to chelation-stabilized λ3 -bromanes by anodic oxidation of parent aryl bromides possessing two coordinating hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropanyl substituents. A series of para-substituted λ3 -bromanes with remarkably high redox potentials spanning a range from 1.86 V to 2.60 V vs. Ag/AgNO3 was synthesized by the electrochemical method. We demonstrate that the intrinsic reactivity of the bench-stable bromine(III) species can be unlocked by addition of a Lewis or a Brønsted acid. The synthetic utility of the λ3 -bromane activation is exemplified by oxidative C-C, C-N, and C-O bond forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igors Sokolovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisAizkraukles 211006RigaLatvia
- Institute of ChemistryRostock UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Nayereh Mohebbati
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
- Institute of ChemistryRostock UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
- Institute of ChemistryRostock UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisAizkraukles 211006RigaLatvia
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of LatviaJelgavas 11004RigaLatvia
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6
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Sokolovs I, Mohebbati N, Francke R, Suna E. Electrochemical Generation of Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igors Sokolovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 1006 Riga Latvia
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Nayereh Mohebbati
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 1006 Riga Latvia
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Latvia Jelgavas 1 1004 Riga Latvia
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7
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Alharbi H, Elsherbini M, Qurban J, Wirth T. C-N Axial Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Catalytic Stereoselective α-Oxytosylation of Ketones. Chemistry 2021; 27:4317-4321. [PMID: 33428245 PMCID: PMC7986903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple synthesis of a library of novel C−N axially chiral iodoarenes is achieved in a three‐step synthesis from commercially available aniline derivatives. C−N axial chiral iodine reagents are rarely investigated in the hypervalent iodine arena. The potential of the novel chiral iodoarenes as organocatalysts for stereoselective oxidative transformations is assessed using the well explored, but challenging stereoselective α‐oxytosylation of ketones. All investigated reagents catalyse the stereoselective oxidation of propiophenone to the corresponding chiral α‐oxytosylated products with good stereochemical control. Using the optimised reaction conditions a wide range of products was obtained in generally good to excellent yields and with good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Alharbi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Mohamed Elsherbini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.,current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Jihan Qurban
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.,current address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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8
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Habert L, Cariou K. Photoinduced Aerobic Iodoarene-Catalyzed Spirocyclization of N-Oxy-amides to N-Fused Spirolactams*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:171-175. [PMID: 32956546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iodoarene catalysis is a powerful methodology that usually requires an excess of oxidant, or of redox mediator if the terminal oxidant is dioxygen, to generate the key hypervalent iodine intermediate to proceed efficiently. We report that, using the spiro-cyclization of amides as a benchmark reaction, aerobic iodoarene catalysis can be enabled by relying on a pyrylium photocatalyst under blue light irradiation. This unprecedented dual organocatalytic system allows the use of low catalytic loading of both catalysts under very mild operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Habert
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, LabEx LERMIT, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, LabEx LERMIT, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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9
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Habert L, Cariou K. Photoinduced Aerobic Iodoarene‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization of
N
‐Oxy‐amides to N‐Fused Spirolactams**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Habert
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles LabEx LERMIT, UPR 2301 Université Paris-Saclay CNRS 1, avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology Chimie ParisTech PSL University CNRS 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles LabEx LERMIT, UPR 2301 Université Paris-Saclay CNRS 1, avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology Chimie ParisTech PSL University CNRS 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
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10
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Zhao R, Shi L. Reactions between Diazo Compounds and Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12282-12292. [PMID: 32424900 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective "cut and sew" transformations employing diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) compounds involve the departure of leaving groups, a "cut" process, followed by a reorganization of the fragments by bond formation, a "sew" process. Bearing controllable cleavage sites, diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) compounds play a critical role as versatile reagents in a wide range of organic transformations because their excellent nucleofugality allows for a large number of unusual reactions to occur. In recent years, the combination of diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents has emerged as a promising tool for developing new and valuable approaches, and has met considerable success. In this Minireview, this combination is systematically illustrated with recent advances in the field, with the aim of elaborating the synthetic utility and potential of this concept as a powerful strategy in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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11
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Zhao R, Shi L. Reactions between Diazo Compounds and Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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12
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Arndt S, Weis D, Donsbach K, Waldvogel SR. The "Green" Electrochemical Synthesis of Periodate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8036-8041. [PMID: 32181555 PMCID: PMC7317427 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-grade periodate is relatively expensive, but is required for many sensitive applications such as the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. These high costs originate from using lead dioxide anodes in contemporary electrochemical methods and from expensive starting materials. A direct and cost-efficient electrochemical synthesis of periodate from iodide, which is less costly and relies on a readily available starting material, is reported. The oxidation is conducted at boron-doped diamond anodes, which are durable, metal-free, and nontoxic. The avoidance of lead dioxide ultimately lowers the cost of purification and quality assurance. The electrolytic process was optimized by statistical methods and was scaled up in an electrolysis flow cell that enhanced the space-time yields by a cyclization protocol. An LC-PDA analytical protocol was established enabling simple quantification of iodide, iodate, and periodate simultaneously with remarkable precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Arndt
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Weis
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Donsbach
- PharmaZell GmbH, Hochstrass-Süd 7, 83064, Raubling, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Arndt S, Weis D, Donsbach K, Waldvogel SR. Die “grüne” elektrochemische Synthese von Periodat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Arndt
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Dominik Weis
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Kai Donsbach
- PharmaZell GmbH Hochstraß Süd 7 83064 Raubling Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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14
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Strehl J, Kahrs C, Müller T, Hilt G, Christoffers J. Electrochemical-Induced Ring Transformation of Cyclic α-(ortho-Iodophenyl)-β-oxoesters. Chemistry 2020; 26:3222-3225. [PMID: 31850604 PMCID: PMC7155071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic α-(ortho-iodophenyl)-β-oxoesters were converted in a ring-expanding transformation to furnish benzannulated cycloalkanone carboxylic esters. The reaction sequence started by electrochemical reduction of the iodoarene moiety. In a mechanistic rationale, the resulting carbanionic species was adding to the carbonyl group under formation of a strained, tricyclic benzocyclobutene intermediate, which underwent carbon-carbon bond cleavage and rearrangement of the carbon skeleton by retro-aldol reaction. The scope of the reaction sequence was investigated by converting cyclic oxoesters with different ring sizes yielding benzocycloheptanone, -nonanone and -decanone derivatives in moderate to good yields. Furthermore, acyclic starting materials and cyclic compounds carrying additional substituents on the iodophenyl ring were submitted to this reaction sequence. The starting materials for this transformation are straightforwardly obtained by conversion of β-oxoesters with phenyliodobis(trifluoroacetate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Strehl
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Christoph Kahrs
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
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15
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Malviya BK, Jaiswal PK, Verma VP, Badsara SS, Sharma S. Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbodiimides via Metal/Oxidant-Free Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Amines and Isocyanides. Org Lett 2020; 22:2323-2327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradeep K. Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, Texas, 77843, United States
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai-Jodhpuriya Road, Vanasthali, 304022, India
| | | | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
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16
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Massignan L, Tan X, Meyer TH, Kuniyil R, Messinis AM, Ackermann L. C-H Oxygenation Reactions Enabled by Dual Catalysis with Electrogenerated Hypervalent Iodine Species and Ruthenium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3184-3189. [PMID: 31777143 PMCID: PMC7027769 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic generation of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents by anodic electrooxidation was orchestrated towards an unprecedented electrocatalytic C-H oxygenation of weakly coordinating aromatic amides and ketones. Thus, catalytic quantities of iodoarenes in concert with catalytic amounts of ruthenium(II) complexes set the stage for versatile C-H activations with ample scope and high functional group tolerance. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment and computation substantiate the role of the iodoarene as the electrochemically relevant species towards C-H oxygenations with electricity as a sustainable oxidant and molecular hydrogen as the sole by-product. para-Selective C-H oxygenations likewise proved viable in the absence of directing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Massignan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Xuefeng Tan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Tjark H. Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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17
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Massignan L, Tan X, Meyer TH, Kuniyil R, Messinis AM, Ackermann L. Zusammenwirken von Rutheniumkatalysatoren und elektrokatalytisch generierten, hypervalenten Iodreagenzien für die C‐H‐Oxygenierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Massignan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Xuefeng Tan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Tjark H. Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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18
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Collin DE, Folgueiras‐Amador AA, Pletcher D, Light ME, Linclau B, Brown RCD. Cubane Electrochemistry: Direct Conversion of Cubane Carboxylic Acids to Alkoxy Cubanes Using the Hofer-Moest Reaction under Flow Conditions. Chemistry 2020; 26:374-378. [PMID: 31593312 PMCID: PMC6973092 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The highly strained cubane system is of great interest as a scaffold and rigid linker in both pharmaceutical and materials chemistry. The first electrochemical functionalisation of cubane by oxidative decarboxylative ether formation (Hofer-Moest reaction) was demonstrated. The mild conditions are compatible with the presence of other oxidisable functional groups, and the use of flow electrochemical conditions allows straightforward upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E. Collin
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfield, SouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Derek Pletcher
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfield, SouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Mark E. Light
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfield, SouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfield, SouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Richard C. D. Brown
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfield, SouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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19
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Kim HS, Lee S. Electrochemical Coupling of Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides and Tertiary Amines for the Synthesis of β-Amidovinyl Sulfones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Chonnam National University; 61186 Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Chonnam National University; 61186 Gwangju Republic of Korea
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