1
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Pratakshya P, Xu C, Dibble DJ, Mukazhanova A, Liu P, Burke AM, Kurakake R, Lopez R, Dennison PR, Sharifzadeh S, Gorodetsky AA. Octopus-inspired deception and signaling systems from an exceptionally-stable acene variant. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8528. [PMID: 38135683 PMCID: PMC10746719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional platforms that can dynamically modulate their color and appearance have attracted attention for applications as varied as displays, signaling, camouflage, anti-counterfeiting, sensing, biomedical imaging, energy conservation, and robotics. Within this context, the development of camouflage systems with tunable spectroscopic and fluorescent properties that span the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral regions has remained exceedingly challenging because of frequently competing materials and device design requirements. Herein, we draw inspiration from the unique blue rings of the Hapalochlaena lunulata octopus for the development of deception and signaling systems that resolve these critical challenges. As the active material, our actuator-type systems incorporate a readily-prepared and easily-processable nonacene-like molecule with an ambient-atmosphere stability that exceeds the state-of-the-art for comparable acenes by orders of magnitude. Devices from this active material feature a powerful and unique combination of advantages, including straightforward benchtop fabrication, competitive baseline performance metrics, robustness during cycling with the capacity for autonomous self-repair, and multiple dynamic multispectral operating modes. When considered together, the described exciting discoveries point to new scientific and technological opportunities in the areas of functional organic materials, reconfigurable soft actuators, and adaptive photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeta Pratakshya
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chengyi Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - David J Dibble
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Aliya Mukazhanova
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Panyiming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anthony M Burke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Reina Kurakake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Robert Lopez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Philip R Dennison
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alon A Gorodetsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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2
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Xu X, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Villa A, Folpini G, Scotognella F, Maria Paternò G, Narita A. Synthesis of Bioctacene-Incorporated Nanographene with Near-Infrared Chiroptical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218350. [PMID: 36727244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a hexabenzoperihexacene (HBPH) with two incorporated octacene substructures, which was unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The theoretical isomerization barrier of the (P,P)-/(P,M)-forms was estimated to be 38.4 kcal mol-1 , and resolution was achieved by chiral HPLC. Notably, the enantiomers exhibited opposite circular dichroism responses up to the near-infrared (NIR) region (830 nm) with a high gabs value of 0.017 at 616 nm. Moreover, HBPH demonstrated NIR emission with a maximum at 798 nm and an absolute PLQY of 41 %. The excited-state photophysical properties of HBPH were investigated by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing an intriguing feature that was attributed to the rotational and/or conformational dynamics of HBPH after excitation. These results provide new insight into the design of chiral nanographene with NIR optical properties for potential chiroptical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Folpini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Maier S, Hippchen N, Jester F, Dodds M, Weber M, Skarjan L, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Azaarenes: 13 Rings in a Row by Cyclopentannulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214031. [PMID: 36383088 PMCID: PMC10107455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopentannulation was explored as a strategy to access large, stable azaarenes. Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of previously reported di- and tetrabrominated cyclopentannulated N,N'-dihydrotetraazapentacenes furnished stable azaarenes with up to 13 six-membered rings in a row and a length of 3.1 nm. Their optoelectronic and semi-conducting properties as well as their aromaticity were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Jester
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dodds
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel Weber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon Skarjan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Zeitter N, Hippchen N, Maier S, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Persistent Ambipolar Heptacenes and Their Redox Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200918. [PMID: 35377538 PMCID: PMC9324111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sixfold TIPS‐ethynylation combined with fourfold bromination of the armchair edges furnishes a long‐lived, soluble heptacene; π‐extension via Stille coupling accesses a persistent tetrabenzononacene. Both types of acenes were stabilized best by double TIPS‐ethynylation on every other benzene ring. Tetrabromoheptacene is an ambipolar transistor material (up to 0.036 cm2 V−1 s−1 n‐channel), which was corroborated by generation of its monoanion and monocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Zeitter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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5
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Zeitter N, Hippchen N, Maier S, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Stabile Ambipolare Heptacene und deren Redox‐Spezies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Zeitter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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6
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Mohamed Abdelmoniem A, Abdelshafy Abdelhamid I, Butenschön H. Bidirectional Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Characterization of Polycyclic Quinones Using Benzocyclobutenes and Benzodicyclobutenes as Precursors. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Mohamed Abdelmoniem
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Germany
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Cairo University 12613 Giza A. R. Egypt
| | | | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Germany
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7
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Ahrens L, Maier S, Misselwitz E, Oeser T, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. TIPS-Ethynylated Naphthodiquinoline and Naphthodiacridine: Novel Diazabisacenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10569-10573. [PMID: 33938059 PMCID: PMC8362069 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two diazabisacenes is reported. A bisboronated naphthalene was Suzuki‐coupled to substituted ethyl nicotinates, then cyclized by intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts acylation. The resulting diketones were alkynylated and reduced to give the title compounds, bis(TIPS‐ethynyl)‐substituted naphtha[1,8‐gh:5,4‐g′h′]diquinoline and naphtho[1,8‐bc:5,4‐b′c′]diacridine. Nitrogen incorporation stabilizes the bisacenes with respect to oxidation compared to their consanguine nonaza analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ahrens
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Misselwitz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Benzo-Fused Perylene Oligomers with up to 13 Linearly Annulated Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7941-7946. [PMID: 33460231 PMCID: PMC8048933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The longer acenes with more than six linearly fused six-membered rings are still fascinating chemists and physicists because of their unique photophysical properties and their high potential for organic electronics applications. Unfortunately, with increasing size (seven and more rings) these compounds rapidly lose chemical stability. Besides kinetic and chemical stabilization approaches introducing either bulky or electron-withdrawing groups or both, such systems also have been stabilized by peri-annulation. Although strictly spoken, these peri-annulated compounds are no longer real acenes, they have fascinating properties as well. Herein, we describe the first synthesis of a new series of peri-annulated acenes with up to 13 linearly fused rings, which is unprecedented till date. Furthermore, this new series contains perylene units connected through benzene rings along their [b,k]edges, responsible for unique absorption and emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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9
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Benzo‐Fused Perylene Oligomers with up to 13 Linearly Annulated Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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10
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Patra A, Patalag LJ, Jones PG, Werz DB. Ausgedehnte, benzanellierte Oligo‐BODIPYs: In nur drei Schritten zu einer Serie planarer, bogenförmiger Nahinfrarot‐Farbstoffe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Patra
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Organische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Lukas J. Patalag
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Organische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Organische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
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11
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Patra A, Patalag LJ, Jones PG, Werz DB. Extended Benzene-Fused Oligo-BODIPYs: In Three Steps to a Series of Large, Arc-Shaped, Near-Infrared Dyes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:747-752. [PMID: 33022876 PMCID: PMC7839587 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a straightforward, three-step synthesis engaging an oligomerization and subsequent one-pot oxidation step to form fully conjugated, benzene-fused oligo-BODIPYs from simple BODIPY precursors. FeCl3 serves as an efficient, bifunctional oxidant for a (multiple) cyclization/desaturation process, applied to ethylene-bridged dimeric, trimeric and oligomeric species to transform linking ethano units into stiff benzene fusions between unsubstituted β-positions of each BODIPY unit. The structural integrity was verified by X-ray crystallography, and all target compounds were studied in detail by photophysical, electrochemical and computational means. The main S1 excited state gradually converges to a structure-specific excitation limit, displaying a strong shift of the absorption event from about 500 nm (BODIPY monomer) to 955 nm (octamer) with attenuation coefficients up to ca. 500 000 M-1 cm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Patra
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Lukas J. Patalag
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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