1
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Zhang D, Ren P, Liu W, Li Y, Salli S, Han F, Qiao W, Liu Y, Fan Y, Cui Y, Shen Y, Richards E, Wen X, Rummeli MH, Li Y, Besenbacher F, Niemantsverdriet H, Lim T, Su R. Photocatalytic Abstraction of Hydrogen Atoms from Water Using Hydroxylated Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Hydrogenative Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204256. [PMID: 35334135 PMCID: PMC9320934 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Employing pure water, the ultimate green source of hydrogen donor to initiate chemical reactions that involve a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) step is fascinating but challenging due to its large H-O bond dissociation energy (BDEH-O =5.1 eV). Many approaches have been explored to stimulate water for hydrogenative reactions, but the efficiency and productivity still require significant enhancement. Here, we show that the surface hydroxylated graphitic carbon nitride (gCN-OH) only requires 2.25 eV to activate H-O bonds in water, enabling abstraction of hydrogen atoms via dehydrogenation of pure water into hydrogen peroxide under visible light irradiation. The gCN-OH presents a stable catalytic performance for hydrogenative N-N coupling, pinacol-type coupling and dehalogenative C-C coupling, all with high yield and efficiency, even under solar radiation, featuring extensive impacts in using renewable energy for a cleaner process in dye, electronic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd.Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou DistrictBeijing101407China
| | - Pengju Ren
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd.Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou DistrictBeijing101407China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal ChemistryTaiyuan030001China
| | - Wuwen Liu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Yaru Li
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd.Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou DistrictBeijing101407China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal ChemistryTaiyuan030001China
| | - Sofia Salli
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Feiyu Han
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd.Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou DistrictBeijing101407China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Yu Liu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Yingzhu Fan
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)No. 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123China
| | - Yi Cui
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)No. 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123China
| | - Yanbin Shen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)No. 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123China
| | - Emma Richards
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd.Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou DistrictBeijing101407China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal ChemistryTaiyuan030001China
| | - Mark H. Rummeli
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Yongwang Li
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd.Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou DistrictBeijing101407China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal ChemistryTaiyuan030001China
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 14DK-8000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Hans Niemantsverdriet
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd.Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou DistrictBeijing101407China
- SynCat@DIFFERSyngaschem BV6336 HHEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Tingbin Lim
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin UniversityBin-hai New CityFuzhou350207China
| | - Ren Su
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd.Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou DistrictBeijing101407China
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2
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Zhang D, Ren P, Liu W, Li Y, Salli S, Han F, Qiao W, Liu Y, Fan Y, Cui Y, Shen Y, Richards E, Wen X, Rummeli MH, Li Y, Besenbacher F, Niemantsverdriet H, Lim T, Su R. Photocatalytic Abstraction of Hydrogen Atoms from Water Using Hydroxylated Graphitc Carbon Nitride for Hydrogenative Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Soochow University Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS) CHINA
| | - Pengju Ren
- Synfuels China Technology Co Ltd R&D CHINA
| | - Wuwen Liu
- Soochow University Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS) CHINA
| | - Yaru Li
- Synfuels China Technology Co Ltd R&D Taiyuan CHINA
| | - Sofia Salli
- Cardiff University Catalysis institute CHINA
| | - Feiyu Han
- Soochow University College of Energy CHINA
| | - Wei Qiao
- Soochow University College of Energy CHINA
| | - Yu Liu
- Soochow University College of Energy CHINA
| | - Yingzhu Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO) CHINA
| | - Yi Cui
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO) CHINA
| | - Yanbin Shen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO) CHINA
| | | | - Xiaodong Wen
- Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry: Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Coal Chemistry CCI CHINA
| | | | - Yongwang Li
- Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry: Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Coal Chemistry CCI CHINA
| | | | | | - Tingbin Lim
- Joint School of National university of Singapore and Tianjing University International Campus of Tianjin University CHINA
| | - Ren Su
- Soochow University Dept. Energy Moye St. 688 215006 Suzhou CHINA
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3
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Che H, Gao X, Chen J, Hou J, Ao Y, Wang P. Iodide‐Induced Fragmentation of Polymerized Hydrophilic Carbon Nitride for High‐Performance Quasi‐Homogeneous Photocatalytic H
2
O
2
Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Che
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of Education College of Environment Hohai University No.1, Xikang road Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of Education College of Environment Hohai University No.1, Xikang road Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of Education College of Environment Hohai University No.1, Xikang road Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of Education College of Environment Hohai University No.1, Xikang road Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of Education College of Environment Hohai University No.1, Xikang road Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of Education College of Environment Hohai University No.1, Xikang road Nanjing 210098 China
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4
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Che H, Gao X, Chen J, Hou J, Ao Y, Wang P. Iodide-Induced Fragmentation of Polymerized Hydrophilic Carbon Nitride for High-Performance Quasi-Homogeneous Photocatalytic H 2 O 2 Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25546-25550. [PMID: 34535960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) as a class of two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2 e- ORR) photocatalyst has attracted much attention for H2 O2 production. However, the low activity and inferior selectivity of 2 e- ORR greatly restrict the H2 O2 production efficiency. Herein, we develop a new strategy to synthesize hydrophilic, fragmented PCN photocatalyst by the terminating polymerization (TP-PCN) effect of iodide ions. The obtained TP-PCN with abundant edge active sites (AEASs), which can form quasi-homogeneous photocatalytic system, exhibits superior H2 O2 generation rate (3265.4 μM h-1 ), far surpassing PCN and other PCN-based photocatalysts. DFT calculations further indicate that TP-PCN is more favorable for electron transiting from β spin-orbital to the π* orbitals of O2 , which optimizes O2 activation and reduces the energy barrier of H2 O2 formation. This work provides a new concept for designing functional photocatalysts and understanding the mechanism of O2 activation in ORR for H2 O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Che
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
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5
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A pseudo-homogeneous system for PET glycolysis using a colloidal catalyst of graphite carbon nitride in ethylene glycol. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Adler C, Krivtsov I, Mitoraj D, dos Santos‐Gómez L, García‐Granda S, Neumann C, Kund J, Kranz C, Mizaikoff B, Turchanin A, Beranek R. Sol-Gel Processing of Water-Soluble Carbon Nitride Enables High-Performance Photoanodes*. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2170-2179. [PMID: 33576576 PMCID: PMC8248241 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the enormous promise that polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials hold for various applications, the fabrication of high-quality, binder-free PCN films and electrodes has been a largely elusive goal to date. Here, we tackle this challenge by devising, for the first time, a water-based sol-gel approach that enables facile preparation of thin films based on poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), a polymer belonging to the PCN family. The sol-gel process capitalizes on the use of a water-soluble PHI precursor that allows formation of a non-covalent hydrogel. The hydrogel can be deposited on conductive substrates, resulting in formation of mechanically stable polymeric thin layers. The resulting photoanodes exhibit unprecedented photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance in alcohol reforming and highly selective (∼100 %) conversions with very high photocurrents (>0.25 mA cm-2 under 2 sun) down to <0 V vs. RHE. This enables even effective PEC operation under zero-bias conditions and represents the very first example of a 'soft matter'-based PEC system capable of bias-free photoreforming. The robust binder-free films derived from sol-gel processing of water-soluble PCN thus constitute a new paradigm for high-performance 'soft matter' photoelectrocatalytic systems and pave the way for further applications in which high-quality PCN films are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Adler
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Igor Krivtsov
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Lucía dos Santos‐Gómez
- Department of Physical and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Oviedo-CINN33006OviedoSpain
| | - Santiago García‐Granda
- Department of Physical and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Oviedo-CINN33006OviedoSpain
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry JenaCEEC Jena)Philosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Julian Kund
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry JenaCEEC Jena)Philosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
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7
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Li C, Hofmeister E, Krivtsov I, Mitoraj D, Adler C, Beranek R, Dietzek B. Photodriven Charge Accumulation and Carrier Dynamics in a Water-Soluble Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1728-1736. [PMID: 33586917 PMCID: PMC8048561 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Charge accumulation in photoactive molecules and materials holds great promise in solar energy conversion as it allows for decoupling solar-driven charging from (dark) redox reactions. In this contribution, light-driven charge accumulation was investigated for a recently reported novel water-soluble carbon nitride [K,Na-poly(heptazine imide); K,Na-PHI] photocatalyst, which exhibits excellent activity and stability in highly selective photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols and concurrent reduction of dioxygen to H2 O2 under quasi-homogeneous conditions. An excellent charge storage ability of the K,Na-PHI material was demonstrated, showing an optimal density of accumulated electrons (32.2 μmol of electrons per gram) in the presence of 10 vol % MeOH as a sacrificial electron donor. The long-lived electrons accumulated under anaerobic conditions as K,Na-PHI.- radical ions were utilized in interfacial electron transfer to O2 or methyl viologen in a subsequent dark reaction. Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy was employed to reveal the kinetics of charge-carrier recombination and methanol oxidation. Geminate recombination of electrons and holes within approximately 100 ps was followed by trap-assisted recombination. The presence of methanol as a sacrificial electron donor accelerated the decay of the transient absorption signal when a static sample was used. This behavior was ascribed to the faster charge recombination in the presence of the radical anions generated after hole extraction. The work suggests that photodriven electron storage in the water-soluble carbon nitride is enabled by localized trap states, and highlights the importance of the effective electron donor for creating long-lived photo-generated carbon nitride radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Elisabeth Hofmeister
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Igor Krivtsov
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Christiane Adler
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich-Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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8
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Wu B, Zhang L, Jiang B, Li Q, Tian C, Xie Y, Li W, Fu H. Ultrathin Porous Carbon Nitride Bundles with an Adjustable Energy Band Structure toward Simultaneous Solar Photocatalytic Water Splitting and Selective Phenylcarbinol Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baogang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Baojiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Chungui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Weizuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Honggang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
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9
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Ultrathin Porous Carbon Nitride Bundles with an Adjustable Energy Band Structure toward Simultaneous Solar Photocatalytic Water Splitting and Selective Phenylcarbinol Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4815-4822. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Mazzanti S, Savateev A. Emerging Concepts in Carbon Nitride Organic Photocatalysis. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2499-2517. [PMID: 33215877 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides encompass a class of transition-metal-free materials possessing numerous advantages such as low cost (few Euros per gram), high chemical stability, broad tunability of redox potentials and optical bandgap, recyclability, and a high absorption coefficient (>105 cm-1 ), which make them highly attractive for application in photoredox catalysis. In this Review, we classify carbon nitrides based on their unique properties, structure, and redox potentials. We summarize recently emerging concepts in heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalysis, with an emphasis on the synthesis of organic compounds: 1) Illumination-Driven Electron Accumulation in Semiconductors and Exploitation (IDEASE); 2) singlet-triplet intersystem crossing in carbon nitride excited states and related energy transfer; 3) architectures of flow photoreactors; and 4) dual metal/carbon nitride photocatalysis. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview regarding innovative research in carbon nitride photocatalysis focusing on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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11
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Zhang P, Tong Y, Liu Y, Vequizo JJM, Sun H, Yang C, Yamakata A, Fan F, Lin W, Wang X, Choi W. Heteroatom Dopants Promote Two‐Electron O
2
Reduction for Photocatalytic Production of H
2
O
2
on Polymeric Carbon Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16209-16217. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Yawen Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Junie Jhon M. Vequizo
- Graduate School of Engineering Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Graduate School of Engineering Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Wonyong Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
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12
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Zhang P, Tong Y, Liu Y, Vequizo JJM, Sun H, Yang C, Yamakata A, Fan F, Lin W, Wang X, Choi W. Heteroatom Dopants Promote Two‐Electron O
2
Reduction for Photocatalytic Production of H
2
O
2
on Polymeric Carbon Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Yawen Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Junie Jhon M. Vequizo
- Graduate School of Engineering Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Graduate School of Engineering Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Nagoya 468-8511 Japan
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Wonyong Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 South Korea
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