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Yue Y, Guo X, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Tang Q, Bai R, Yi H, Liu J. Electrochemical Oxidation Enables Radical Dearomative Spiroannulation to 2H-Spiro[benzofuran-3,9'-fluoren]-2-one. Chemistry 2024:e202401303. [PMID: 38794842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Developing pragmatic strategies for accessing functional benzofuran-2-ones from 3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)benzofuran remains an enduring challenge. Herein, we have achieved a highly discriminating electrochemical oxidative dearomative spiroannulation of 3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)benzofuran, culminating in the synthesis of 2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,9'-fluoren]-2-one derivatives. By harnessing the electrophilic intermediates of benzofuryl radical cations supported by DFT calculations, we attain exceptional regioselectivity while eliminating the need for stoichiometric oxidants. Mechanistic investigations reveal a sequence of events involving the benzofuran radical cation, encompassing the capture of H2O, nucleophilic arene attack, and subsequent deprotonation, ultimately yielding the final benzofuran-2-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Jianhang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Qinghu Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
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Bao M, Xie X, Huang J, Doyle MP, Ren Z, Yue H, Xu X. Divergent Construction of N-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Indole as the Nitrogen Source Building Block. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300140. [PMID: 36705339 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An Ag/Au-catalyzed divergent cascade reaction of alkyne embedded diazoketones with indoles has been described. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction goes through a [4+2]-cycloaddition of an in situ formed isobenzopyrylium intermediate with indole, followed by a sequential retro-Michael addition/carbene N-H insertion process to give the benzo[i]phenanthridines products with gold catalysis; whereas a dearomatization/rearomatization sequence occurs favourably when the reaction is catalyzed by a silver catalyst, delivering benzo[b]carbazoles in generally high to excellent yields. Notably, this is a rare example of using indole as the dienophile for cycloaddition with the isobenzopyrylium species, providing a concise and practical approach for the selective construction of N-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with structural diversity and broad functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiongda Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, USA
| | - Zhi Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Quintavalla A, Veronesi R, Carboni D, Martinelli A, Zaccheroni N, Mummolo L, Lombardo M. Chemodivergent Photocatalytic Synthesis of Dihydrofurans and β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Quintavalla
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ruben Veronesi
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Davide Carboni
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ada Martinelli
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Nelsi Zaccheroni
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Liviana Mummolo
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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