Chiral Cu x Co y S Nanoparticles under Magnetic Field and NIR Light to Eliminate Senescent Cells

Expanding the Horizons of Machine Learning in Nanomaterials to Chiral Nanostructures

Machine learning holds significant research potential in the field of nanotechnology, enabling nanomaterial structure and property predictions, facilitating materials design and discovery, and reducing the need for time-consuming and labor-intensive experiments and simulations. In contrast to their achiral counterparts, the application of machine learning for chiral nanomaterials is still in its infancy, with a limited number of publications to date. This is despite the great potential of machine learning to advance the development of new sustainable chiral materials with high values of optical activity, circularly polarized luminescence, and enantioselectivity, as well as for the analysis of structural chirality by electron microscopy. In this review, an analysis of machine learning methods used for studying achiral nanomaterials is provided, subsequently offering guidance on adapting and extending this work to chiral nanomaterials. An overview of chiral nanomaterials within the framework of synthesis-structure-property-application relationships is presented and insights on how to leverage machine learning for the study of these highly complex relationships are provided. Some key recent publications are reviewed and discussed on the application of machine learning for chiral nanomaterials. Finally, the review captures the key achievements, ongoing challenges, and the prospective outlook for this very important research field.

Chirality at nanoscale for bioscience

In the rapidly expanding fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology, there is considerable interest in chiral nanomaterials, which are endowed with unusually strong circular dichroism. In this review, we summarize the principles of organization underlying chiral nanomaterials and generalize the recent advances in the main strategies used to fabricate these nanoparticles for bioscience applications. The creation of chirality from nanoscale building blocks has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically, and the tunability of chirality using external fields, such as light and magnetic fields, has allowed the optical activity of these materials to be controlled and their properties understood. Therefore, the specific recognition and potential applications of chiral materials in bioscience are discussed. The effects of the chirality of nanostructures on biological systems have been exploited to sense and cut molecules, for therapeutic applications, and so on. In the final part of this review, we examine the future perspectives for chiral nanomaterials in bioscience and the challenges posed by them.

Enantiospecific Detection of D-Amino Acid through Synergistic Upconversion Energy Transfer

D-amino acids (DAAs) are indispensable in regulating diverse metabolic pathways. Selective and sensitive detection of DAAs is crucial for understanding the complexity of metabolic processes and managing associated diseases. However, current DAA detection strategies mainly rely on bulky instrumentation or electrochemical probes, limiting their cellular and animal applications. Here we report an enzyme-coupled nanoprobe that can detect enantiospecific DAAs through synergistic energy transfer. This nanoprobe offers near-infrared upconversion capability, a wide dynamic detection range, and a detection limit of 2.2 μM, providing a versatile platform for in vivo noninvasive detection of DAAs with high enantioselectivity. These results potentially allow real-time monitoring of biomolecular handedness in living animals, as well as developing antipsychotic treatment strategies.

Improved Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Chiral Co3 O4 Supraparticles under Electromagnetic Fields

One of the most common methods to treat thromboembolism is the use of thrombolytic drugs to activate fibrinolytic protease. The aim of this treatment was to initiate the lysis of fibrin; however, there are many side-effects associated with this form of treatment. Herein, we fabricated chiral Co₃ O₄ supraparticles (SPs) with a g-factor of up to 0.02 at 550 nm and paramagnetic performance applied in the treatment of thromboembolism under an electromagnetic field (MF). In vitro experiments showed that d-SPs degraded blood clot within 8 hours under MF. Compared to l-SPs, d-SPs exhibited much stronger thrombolytic ability and effectively enhanced the survival rate of thrombosis model mice more than 70 % in the 25 d of observation. The results of mechanism study showed that under MF, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by d-SPs were 1.5 times higher than that of l-SPs, which might be attributed to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effects.

Ultrasmall Copper (I) Sulfide Nanoparticles Prevent Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a severe threat to public health and social development. Here, we synthesized 4±0.5 nm copper (I) sulfide (Cu₂ S) nanoparticles (NPs) with 46 mdeg chiroptical property at 530 nm to selectively cleavage HBV core antigen (HBcAg) and effectively blocked HBV assembly and prevented HBV infection both in vitro and in vivo under light at 808 nm. Experimental analysis showed that the chiral Cu₂ S NPs specific bound with the functional domain from phenylalanine₂₃ (F₂₃ ) to leucine₃₀ (L₃₀ ) from HBcAg primary sequence and the cutting site was between amino acid residues F₂₄ and proline₂₅ (P₂₅ ). Under excitation at 808 nm, the intracellular HBcAg concentration was reduced by 95 %, and in HBV transgenic mice, the levels of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA were decreased by 93 % and 86 %, respectively. Together, these results reveal the potential nanomedicine for HBV control and provide fresh tools for viral infection.