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Elorriaga D, Carrillo‐Hermosilla F, Parra‐Cadenas B, Antiñolo A, García‐Álvarez J. Aerobic/Room-Temperature-Compatible s-Block Organometallic Chemistry in Neat Conditions: A Missing Synthetic Tool for the Selective Conversion of Nitriles into Asymmetric Alcohols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201348. [PMID: 35904929 PMCID: PMC9804429 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly-efficient and selective one-pot/two-step modular double addition of different highly polar organometallic reagents (RLi/RMgX) to nitriles en route to asymmetric tertiary alcohols (without the need for isolation/purification of any halfway reaction intermediate) has been studied, for the first time, in the absence of external/additional organic solvents (neat conditions), at room temperature and under air/moisture (no protecting atmosphere is required), which are generally forbidden reaction conditions in the field of highly-reactive organolithium/organomagnesium reagents. The one-pot modular tandem protocol demonstrated high chemoselectivity with a broad range of nitriles, as no side reactions (Li/halogen exchange, ortho-lithiations or benzylic metalations) were detected. Finally, this protocol could be scaled up, thus proving that this environmentally friendly methodology is amenable for a possible applied synthesis of asymmetric tertiary alcohols under bench type reaction conditions and in the absence of external organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Fernando Carrillo‐Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Blanca Parra‐Cadenas
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaIUQOEM)Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad de OviedoE33071OviedoSpain
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2
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Ghinato S, De Nardi F, Bolzoni P, Antenucci A, Blangetti M, Prandi C. Chemo‐ and Regioselective Anionic Fries Rearrangement Promoted by Lithium Amides under Aerobic Conditions in Sustainable Reaction Media. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201154. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ghinato
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Federica De Nardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Paola Bolzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Achille Antenucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 I-10125 Torino Italy
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3
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Brieger L, Unkelbach C, Strohmann C. THF-solvated Heavy Alkali Metal Benzyl Compounds (Na, Rb, Cs): Defined Deprotonation Reagents for Alkali Metal Mediation Chemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:17780-17784. [PMID: 34633717 PMCID: PMC9298144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of heavy alkali metals into substrates is both challenging and essential for many reactions. Here, we report the formation of THF-solvated alkali metal benzyl compounds [PhCH2 M ⋅ (thf)n ] (M=Na, Rb, Cs). The synthesis was carried out by deprotonation of toluene with the bimetallic mixture n-butyllithium/alkali metal tert-butoxide and selective crystallization from THF of the defined benzyl compounds. Insights into the molecular structure in the solid as well as in solution state are gained by single crystal X-ray experiments and NMR spectroscopic studies. The compounds could be successfully used as alkali metal mediating reagents. The example of caesium showed the convenient use by deprotonating acidic C-H as well as N-H compounds to gain insight into the aminometalation using these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Brieger
- Inorganic ChemistryTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a44227DortmundGermany
| | - Christian Unkelbach
- Inorganic ChemistryTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a44227DortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic ChemistryTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a44227DortmundGermany
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García‐Garrido SE, Presa Soto A, Hevia E, García‐Álvarez J. Advancing Air‐ and Moisture‐Compatible s‐Block Organometallic Chemistry Using Sustainable Solvents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E. García‐Garrido
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie (DCBP) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
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5
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Elorriaga D, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Lara-Sánchez A, Castro-Osma JA, García-Álvarez J. Fast Addition of s-Block Organometallic Reagents to CO 2 -Derived Cyclic Carbonates at Room Temperature, Under Air, and in 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2084-2092. [PMID: 33666346 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast addition of highly polar organometallic reagents (RMgX/RLi) to cyclic carbonates (derived from CO2 as a sustainable C1 synthon) has been studied in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as a green reaction medium or in the absence of external volatile organic solvents, at room temperature, and in the presence of air/moisture. These reaction conditions are generally forbidden with these highly reactive main-group organometallic compounds. The correct stoichiometry and nature of the polar organometallic alkylating or arylating reagent allows straightforward synthesis of: highly substituted tertiary alcohols, β-hydroxy esters, or symmetric ketones, working always under air and at room temperature. Finally, an unprecedented one-pot/two-step hybrid protocol is developed through combination of an Al-catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 and propylene oxide with the concomitant fast addition of RLi reagents to the in situ and transiently formed cyclic carbonate, thus allowing indirect conversion of CO2 into the desired highly substituted tertiary alcohols without need for isolation or purification of any reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Antonio Castro-Osma
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
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6
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Seymen A, Opper U, Voß A, Brieger L, Otte F, Unkelbach C, O'Shea DF, Strohmann C. Aminopotassiation by Mixed Potassium/Lithium Amides: A Synthetic Path to Difficult to Access Phenethylamine Derivates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22500-22504. [PMID: 32846026 PMCID: PMC7756473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insights gained from a comparison of aminometalation reactions with lithium amides, potassium amides and mixed lithium/potassium amides are presented. A combination of structural characterization, DFT calculations and electrophile reactions of aminometalated intermediates has shown the advantages of using a mixed metal strategy. While potassium amides fail to add, the lithium amides are uncontrollable and eliminated, yet the mixed K/Li amides deliver the best of both systems. Aminopotassiation proceeds to form the alkylpotassium species which has enhanced stability over its lithium counterpart allowing for its isolation and thereby its further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seymen
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ulrike Opper
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Voß
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Felix Otte
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Unkelbach
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Donal F O'Shea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College Surgeons, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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7
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Hermann A, Opper U, Voß A, Brieger L, Otte F, Unkelbach C, O'Shea DF, Strohmann C. Aminometallierung mit einem gemischten K/Li‐Amid: Eine Syntheseroute zu schwer zugänglichen Phenethylamin‐Derivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hermann
- Anorganische Chemie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Opper
- Anorganische Chemie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Andreas Voß
- Anorganische Chemie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Anorganische Chemie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Felix Otte
- Anorganische Chemie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | | | - Donal F. O'Shea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Royal College Surgeons 123 St. Stephen's Green Dublin 2 Irland
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
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