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Su Z, Guo H, Zhao C. Rational Design of Electrode-Electrolyte Interphase and Electrolytes for Rechargeable Proton Batteries. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:96. [PMID: 37037988 PMCID: PMC10086093 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable proton batteries have been regarded as a promising technology for next-generation energy storage devices, due to the smallest size, lightest weight, ultrafast diffusion kinetics and negligible cost of proton as charge carriers. Nevertheless, a proton battery possessing both high energy and power density is yet achieved. In addition, poor cycling stability is another major challenge making the lifespan of proton batteries unsatisfactory. These issues have motivated extensive research into electrode materials. Nonetheless, the design of electrode-electrolyte interphase and electrolytes is underdeveloped for solving the challenges. In this review, we summarize the development of interphase and electrolytes for proton batteries and elaborate on their importance in enhancing the energy density, power density and battery lifespan. The fundamental understanding of interphase is reviewed with respect to the desolvation process, interfacial reaction kinetics, solvent-electrode interactions, and analysis techniques. We categorize the currently used electrolytes according to their physicochemical properties and analyze their electrochemical potential window, solvent (e.g., water) activities, ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and safety. Finally, we offer our views on the challenges and opportunities toward the future research for both interphase and electrolytes for achieving high-performance proton batteries for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Su
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Haocheng Guo
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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2
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Fop S, Vivani R, Masci S, Casciola M, Donnadio A. Anhydrous Superprotonic Conductivity in the Zirconium Acid Triphosphate ZrH 5 (PO 4 ) 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218421. [PMID: 36856155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid-state proton conductors with high proton conductivity at low temperatures is crucial for the implementation of hydrogen-based technologies for portable and automotive applications. Here, we report on the discovery of a new crystalline metal acid triphosphate, ZrH5 (PO4 )3 (ZP3), which exhibits record-high proton conductivity of 0.5-3.1×10-2 S cm-1 in the range 25-110 °C in anhydrous conditions. This is the highest anhydrous proton conductivity ever reported in a crystalline solid proton conductor in the range 25-110 °C. Superprotonic conductivity in ZP3 is enabled by extended defective frustrated hydrogen bond chains, where the protons are dynamically disordered over two oxygen centers. The high proton conductivity and stability in anhydrous conditions make ZP3 an excellent candidate for innovative applications in fuel cells without the need for complex water management systems, and in other energy technologies requiring fast proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Fop
- The Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- CEMIN-Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturali per Applicazioni Chimiche, Fisiche e Biomediche, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Masci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Casciola
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Donnadio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- CEMIN-Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturali per Applicazioni Chimiche, Fisiche e Biomediche, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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Liao M, Cao Y, Li Z, Xu J, Qi Y, Xie Y, Peng Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Xia Y. VPO
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F Fluorophosphates Polyanion Cathodes for High‐Voltage Proton Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206635. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mochou Liao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yongjie Cao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ziyue Li
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yae Qi
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yihua Xie
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yongyao Xia
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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Ma Z, Shi XM, Nishimura SI, Ko S, Okubo M, Yamada A. Anhydrous Fast Proton Transport Boosted by the Hydrogen Bond Network in a Dense Oxide-Ion Array of α-MoO 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203335. [PMID: 35781350 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-power battery chemistry is an urgent task to buffer fluctuating renewable energies and achieve a sustainable and flexible power supply. Owing to the small size of the proton and its ultrahigh mobility in water via the Grotthuss mechanism, aqueous proton batteries are an attractive candidate for high-power energy storage devices. Grotthuss proton transfer is ultrafast owing to the hydrogen-bonded networks of water molecules. In this work, similar continuous hydrogen bond networks in a dense oxide-ion array of solid α-MoO3 are discovered, which facilitate the anhydrous proton transport even without structural water. The fast proton transfer and accumulation that occurs during (de)intercalation in α-MoO3 is unveiled using both experiments and first-principles calculations. Coupled with a zinc anode and a superconcentrated Zn2+ /H+ electrolyte, the proton-transport mechanism in anhydrous hydrogen-bonded networks realizes an aqueous MoO3 -Zn battery with large capacity, long life, and fast charge-discharge abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ma
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Xiang-Mei Shi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nishimura
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seongjae Ko
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masashi Okubo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yamada
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Liao M, Cao Y, Li Z, Xu J, Qi Y, Xie Y, Peng Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Xia Y. VPO
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F Fluorophosphates Polyanion Cathodes for High‐Voltage Proton Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mochou Liao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yongjie Cao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ziyue Li
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yae Qi
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yihua Xie
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yongyao Xia
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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Su Z, Chen J, Stansby J, Jia C, Zhao T, Tang J, Fang Y, Rawal A, Ho J, Zhao C. Hydrogen-Bond Disrupting Electrolytes for Fast and Stable Proton Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201449. [PMID: 35557499 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous proton batteries are promising competitors for the next generation of energy storage systems with the fast diffusion kinetics and wide availability of protons. However, poor cycling stability is a big challenge for proton batteries due to the attachment of water molecules to the electrode surface in acid electrolytes. Here, a hydrogen-bond disrupting electrolyte strategy to boost proton battery stability via simultaneously tuning the hydronium ion solvation sheath in the electrolyte and the electrode interface is reported. By mixing cryoprotectants such as glycerol with acids, hydrogen bonds involving water molecules are disrupted leading to a modified hydronium ion solvation sheaths and minimized water activity. Concomitantly, glycerol absorbs on the electrode surface and acts to protect the electrode surface from water. Fast and stable proton storage with high rate capability and long cycle life is thus achieved, even at temperatures as low as -50 °C. This electrolyte strategy may be universal and is likely to pave the way toward highly stable aqueous energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Su
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stansby
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chen Jia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Tingwen Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Yu Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Aditya Rawal
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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7
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Shen D, Rao AM, Zhou J, Lu B. High-Potential Cathodes with Nitrogen Active Centres for Quasi-Solid Proton-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201972. [PMID: 35294100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although proton-ion batteries have received considerable attention owing to their reliability, safety, toxin-free nature, and low cost, their development remains in the early stages because of lacking proper electrolytes and cathodes for facilitating a high output voltage and stable cycle performance. We present a novel cathode based on active nitrogen centre, which provides a flat discharge plateau at 1 V with a capacity of 115 mAh g-1 and excellent stability. Moreover, a quasi-solid electrolyte was developed to overcome the issue of corrosion, broaden the potential window of the electrolyte, and prevent the active material from dissolving. While using the unique as-developed electrolyte, the newly designed cathode retained 89.67 % of its original capacity after 2000 cycles. Finally, we demonstrated the excellent cycle performance of the as-developed metal-free, flexible, soft-packed battery. Notably, even when a portion of the battery was cut off, it continued to function normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Shen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-electron based Energy Storage Devices, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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8
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Shen D, Rao AM, Zhou J, Lu B. High‐Potential Cathodes with Nitrogen Active Centres for Quasi‐Solid Proton‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Shen
- School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Apparao M. Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials Institute Clemson University Clemson, SC USA
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-electron based Energy Storage Devices Hunan University Changsha China
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9
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Ni Q, Guo Q, Ren H, Bai Y, Wu C. Realizing the Multi-electron Reaction in the Na 3V 2(PO 4) 3 Cathode via Reversible Insertion of Dihydrogen Phosphate Anions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1233-1240. [PMID: 34962757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dual-ion battery (DIB) is an up-and-coming technology for the energy storage field. However, most of the current cathodes are still focused on the graphite hosts, which deliver a limited specific capacity. In this work, we demonstrated for the first time that H2PO4- can be used as the charge carrier for Na3V2(PO4)3 under an aqueous electrolyte, which enabled the V3+/V4+ and V4+/V5+ multielectron reactions in the Na3V2(PO4)3 electrode. The fabricated aqueous DIB delivers a high average voltage of ∼0.75 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and a high capacity of 280.7 mA h g-1. Moreover, the formed V5+-based novel cathode exhibits a capacity of 170.2 mA h g-1 in an organic sodium-ion battery. This study may open a new direction for fabricating high-voltage electrodes through the design of DIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiubo Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haixia Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Su Z, Chen J, Ren W, Guo H, Jia C, Yin S, Ho J, Zhao C. "Water-in-Sugar" Electrolytes Enable Ultrafast and Stable Electrochemical Naked Proton Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102375. [PMID: 34499420 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton is an ideal charge carrier for rechargeable batteries due to its small ionic radius, ultrafast diffusion kinetics and wide availability. However, in commonly used acid electrolytes, the co-interaction of polarized water and proton (namely hydronium) with electrode materials often causes electrode structural distortions. The hydronium adsorption on electrode surfaces also facilitates hydrogen evolution as an unwanted side reaction. Here, a "water-in-sugar" electrolyte with high concentration of glucose dissolved in acid to enable the naked proton intercalation, as well as an extended 3.9 V working potential window, is shown. A glucose-derived organic thin film is formed on electrode surface upon cycling. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the significant decrease of free water in bulk electrolytes, while density functional theory calculations indicate that glucose preferentially binds to the electrode surface which can inhibit water adsorption. The scarcity of free water and the protective organic film work in synergy to suppress water interactions with the electrode surface, which enables the naked proton (de)intercalation. The "water-in-sugar" electrolyte significantly enhances a MoO3 electrode for stable cycling over 100 000 times. This facile electrolyte approach opens new avenues to aqueous electrochemistry and energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Su
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Wenhao Ren
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Haocheng Guo
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chen Jia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Songyan Yin
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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