1
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Zhang X, Sun P, Jiang Y, Liao S. Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of ϵ-Caprolactone with Phosphoramidimidates (PADIs) as a Bifunctional Brønsted Acid Catalyst. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201127. [PMID: 36453087 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ-caprolactone (ϵ-CL) has been developed by employing PADIs as a novel and efficient acid/base bifunctional organocatalyst, which could afford metal-free poly(ϵ-caprolactone) with predictable molecular weight and narrow dispersity at a low catalyst loading under mild conditions. NMR and kinetic studies indicate that the ring-opening polymerizations of lactones catalyzed by PADIs proceed in a living and well controlled manner. Moreover, this organic Brønsted acid catalytic system could allow the synthesis of PCL with molecular weight above 60 kg/mol, as well as well-defined star polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.,Department State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Pan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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2
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Wang J, Zhu Y, Li M, Wang Y, Wang X, Tao Y. Tug‐of‐War between Two Distinct Catalytic Sites Enables Fast and Selective Ring‐Opening Copolymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208525. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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3
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Wang J, Zhu Y, Li M, Wang Y, Wang X, Tao Y. Tug‐of‐war between Two Distinct Catalytic Sites Enables Fast and Selective Ring‐opening Copolymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqun Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Yinuo Zhu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Maosheng Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Youhua Tao
- Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials 5625 Renmin StreetChangchun中国 130022 Changchun CHINA
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4
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Tang J, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Switchable Polymerization Organocatalysis: From Monomer Mixtures to Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115465. [PMID: 35107197 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One-pot production of sequence-controlled block copolymer from mixed monomers is a crucial but rarely reached goal. Using a switchable Lewis-pair organocatalyst, we have accomplished sequence-selective polymerization from a mixture of O-carboxyanhydride (OCA) and epoxide. Polymerization of the OCA monomer occurs first and exclusively because of its exceedingly high polymerizability. When OCA is fully consumed, alternating copolymerization of epoxide and CO2 liberated in OCA polymerization is triggered from the termini of the first block. The two polymerizations thus occur in tandem, both in chemoselective fashion, so that a sequence-controlled block polymer with up to 99 % CO2 conversion is furnished in this one-pot protocol. Calculations and experimental results demonstrate a chemoselective and cooperative mechanism, where the high polymerizability of the OCA monomers guarantees exquisite sequence selectivity and the cooperative decarboxylation partly arose from the stabilization effect by triethylborane, which facilitates the smooth transformation of the chain end from carbonate to alkoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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5
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Abstract
Polymer chains, if long enough, are known to undergo bond scission when mechanically stressed. While the mechanochemical response of random coils is well understood, biopolymers and some key synthetic chains adopt well-defined secondary structures such as helices. To understand covalent mechanochemistry in such structures, poly(γ-benzyl glutamates) are prepared while regulating the feed-monomer chirality, producing chains with similar molecular weights and backbone chemistry but different helicities. Such chains are stressed in solution and their mechanochemistry rates compared by following molecular weight change and using a rhodamine mechanochromophore. Results reveal that while helicity itself is not affected by the covalent bond scissions, chains with higher helicity undergo faster mechanochemistry. Considering that the polymers tested differ only in conformation, these results indicate that helix-induced chain rigidity improves the efficiency of mechanical energy transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion—Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200008Israel
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6
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He W, Wang S, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Iterative Synthesis of Stereo- and Sequence-Defined Polymers via Acid-Orthogonal Deprotection Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112439. [PMID: 34981638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Absolute control over polymer stereo- and sequence structure is highly challenging in polymer chemistry. Here, an acid-orthogonal deprotection strategy is proposed for the iterative synthesis of a family of unimolecular polymers starting with enantiopure serines, featuring precise sequence, stereoconfiguration and side-chain functionalities that cannot be achieved using traditional polymerization techniques. Acid-orthogonal deprotections proceed independently of one another by the selection of protecting groups that feature the respective acid-lability. Under p-toluenesulfonic acid, acidolysis of tert-butyloxycarbonyl can proceed exclusively, while low-dosage trifluoroacetic acid and low temperature only trigger the selective and quantitative cleavage of trityl. The pioneering use of this acid-orthogonal deprotection chemistry increases the compatibility with otherwise sensitive groups and opens up pathways to facilely introduce structural and functional diversity into stereo- and sequence-defined polymers, thus imparting their unique properties beyond natural biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
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7
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Tang J, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Switchable Polymerization Organocatalysis: From Monomer Mixtures to Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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8
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You H, Wang E, Cao H, Zhuo C, Liu S, Wang X, Wang F. From Impossible to Possible: Atom‐Economic Polymerization of Low Strain Five‐Membered Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai You
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Enhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chunwei Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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9
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Diesendruck C, Zhang H. Accelerated Mechanochemistry in Helical Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Diesendruck
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Kiryat Hatechnion 3200008 Haifa ISRAEL
| | - Hang Zhang
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Haifa ISRAEL
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10
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He W, Wang S, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Iterative Synthesis of Stereo‐ and Sequence‐Defined Polymers
via
Acid‐Orthogonal Deprotection Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
| | - Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
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11
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You H, Wang E, Cao H, Zhuo C, Liu S, Wang X, Wang F. From Impossible to Possible: Atom-Economic Polymerization of Low Strain Five-Membered Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113152. [PMID: 34905260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The direct ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of propylene carbonate (PC) only affords oligomers with substantial unidentified by-products, which hinders the efficient utilization of PC. Through detailed studies, for the first time, a careful mechanism involving the in situ release of propylene oxide (PO) from PC decarboxylation is proposed. Further, we report a novel strategy of copolymerization of PC/cyclic anhydrides via in situ capture of the formed intermediates. Results show that PC is successfully transformed into polyesters. Especially for the ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROAC) of PC/phthalic anhydride (PA), a variety of advantages are manifold: i) slow-release of PO ensuring a perfectly alternating structure; ii) quantitative and fast transformation of PC; iii) visualization of polymerization process by a CO2 pressure gauge. Of importance, through tandem polymerizations, PC is fully transformed into polyesters and polycarbonates concurrently, thus achieving PC utilization with a high atom-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai You
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Enhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chunwei Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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12
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Wang Y, Li M, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. O-to-S Substitution Enables Dovetailing Conflicting Cyclizability, Polymerizability, and Recyclability: Dithiolactone vs. Dilactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22547-22553. [PMID: 34424604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing chemically recyclable polymers represents a greener alternative to landfill and incineration and offers a closed-loop strategy toward a circular materials economy. However, the synthesis of chemically recyclable polymers is still plagued with certain fundamental limitations, including trade-offs between the monomer's cyclizability and polymerizability, as well as between polymer's depolymerizability and properties. Here we describe the subtle O-to-S substitution, dithiolactone monomers derived from abundant feedstock α-amino acids can demonstrate appealing chemical properties different from those of dilactone, including accelerated ring closure, augmented kinetics polymerizability, high depolymerizability and selectivity, and thus constitute a unique class of polythioester materials exhibiting controlled molecular weight (up to 100.5 kDa), atactic yet high crystallinity, structurally diversity, and chemical recyclability. These polythioesters well addresses the formidable challenges of developing chemically recyclable polymers by having an unusual set of desired properties, including easy-to-make monomer from ubiquitous feedstock, and high polymerizability, crystallinity and precise tunability of physicochemical performance, as well as high depolymerizability and selectivity. Computational studies explain why O-to-S modification of polymer backbone enables dovetailing desirable, but conflicting, performance into one polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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13
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Wang Y, Li M, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. O‐to‐S Substitution Enables Dovetailing Conflicting Cyclizability, Polymerizability, and Recyclability: Dithiolactone vs. Dilactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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