Transition-metal-free, mild and efficient ring expansion of amino acid derivatives: facile access to densely functionalized azepines

A mild, practical and efficient approach for the synthesis of valuable azepine products was achieved by the ring expansion of easily accessible amino acid derivatives.

Predicted Reversal in N-Methylazepine/N-Methyl-7-azanorcaradiene Equilibrium Upon Formation of Their N-Oxides

Density functional calculations and up to five different basis sets have been applied to the exploration of the structural, enthalpy and free energy changes upon conversion of the azepine to the corresponding N-oxide. Although it is well known that azepines are typically much more stable than their 7-azanorcaradiene valence isomers, the stabilities are reversed for the corresponding N-oxides. Structural, thermochemical as well as nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) criteria are employed to probe the potential aromaticity, antiaromaticity and nonaromaticity of N-methylazepine, its 7-azanorcaradiene valence isomer. For the sake of comparison, analogous studies are performed on N-methylpyrrole and its N-oxide.