1
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Novotny J, Komorovsky S, Marek R. Paramagnetic Effects in NMR Spectroscopy of Transition-Metal Complexes: Principles and Chemical Concepts. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1467-1477. [PMID: 38687879 PMCID: PMC11112740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusMagnetic resonance techniques represent a fundamental class of spectroscopic methods used in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an extremely powerful technique for characterizing systems with an open-shell electronic nature, whereas nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has traditionally been used to investigate diamagnetic (closed-shell) systems. However, these two techniques are tightly connected by the electron-nucleus hyperfine interaction operating in paramagnetic (open-shell) systems. Hyperfine interaction of the nuclear spin with unpaired electron(s) induces large temperature-dependent shifts of nuclear resonance frequencies that are designated as hyperfine NMR shifts (δHF).Three fundamental physical mechanisms shape the total hyperfine interaction: Fermi-contact, paramagnetic spin-orbit, and spin-dipolar. The corresponding hyperfine NMR contributions can be interpreted in terms of through-bond and through-space effects. In this Account, we provide an elemental theory behind the hyperfine interaction and NMR shifts and describe recent progress in understanding the structural and electronic principles underlying individual hyperfine terms.The Fermi-contact (FC) mechanism reflects the propagation of electron-spin density throughout the molecule and is proportional to the spin density at the nuclear position. As the imbalance in spin density can be thought of as originating at the paramagnetic metal center and being propagated to the observed nucleus via chemical bonds, FC is an excellent indicator of the bond character. The paramagnetic spin-orbit (PSO) mechanism originates in the orbital current density generated by the spin-orbit coupling interaction at the metal center. The PSO mechanism of the ligand NMR shift then reflects the transmission of the spin polarization through bonds, similar to the FC mechanism, but it also makes a substantial through-space contribution in long-range situations. In contrast, the spin-dipolar (SD) mechanism is relatively unimportant at short-range with significant spin polarization on the spectator atom. The PSO and SD mechanisms combine at long-range to form the so-called pseudocontact shift, traditionally used as a structural and dynamics probe in paramagnetic NMR (pNMR). Note that the PSO and SD terms both contribute to the isotropic NMR shift only at the relativistic spin-orbit level of theory.We demonstrate the advantages of calculating and analyzing the NMR shifts at relativistic two- and four-component levels of theory and present analytical tools and approaches based on perturbation theory. We show that paramagnetic NMR effects can be interpreted by spin-delocalization and spin-polarization mechanisms related to chemical bond concepts of electron conjugation in π-space and hyperconjugation in σ-space in the framework of the molecular orbital (MO) theory. Further, we discuss the effects of environment (supramolecular interactions, solvent, and crystal packing) and demonstrate applications of hyperfine shifts in determining the structure of paramagnetic Ru(III) compounds and their supramolecular host-guest complexes with macrocycles.In conclusion, we provide a short overview of possible pNMR applications in the analysis of spectra and electronic structure and perspectives in this field for a general chemical audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novotny
- CEITEC
– Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czechia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625
00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of
Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC
– Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czechia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625
00 Brno, Czechia
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2
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Chiari C, Batista PR, Viesser RV, Schenberg LA, Ducati LC, Linclau B, Tormena CF. Molecular dynamics and NMR reveal the coexistence of H-bond-assisted and through-space JFH coupling in fluorinated amino alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2580-2595. [PMID: 38441115 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00049h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The JFH coupling constants in fluorinated amino alcohols were investigated through experimental and theoretical approaches. The experimental JFH couplings were only reproduced theoretically when explicit solvation through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was conducted in DMSO as the solvent. The combination of MD conformation sampling and DFT NMR spin-spin coupling calculations for these compounds reveals the simultaneous presence of through-space (TS) and hydrogen bond (H-bond) assisted JFH coupling between fluorine and hydrogen of the NH group. Furthermore, MD simulations indicate that the hydrogen in the amino group participates in both an intermolecular bifurcated H-bond with DMSO and in transmitting the observed JFH coupling. The contribution of TS to the JFH coupling is due to the spatial proximity of the fluorine and the NH group, aided by a combination of the non-bonding transmission pathway and the hydrogen bonding pathway. The experimental JFH coupling observed for the molecules studied should be represented as 4TS/1hJFH coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Chiari
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patrick R Batista
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renan V Viesser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Leonardo A Schenberg
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Ducati
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Linclau
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Cláudio F Tormena
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Zhang L, Christie FA, Tarcza AE, Lancaster HG, Taylor LJ, Bühl M, Malkina OL, Woollins JD, Carpenter-Warren CL, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Chalmers BA, Kilian P. Phosphine and Selenoether peri-Substituted Acenaphthenes and Their Transition-Metal Complexes: Structural and NMR Investigations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16084-16100. [PMID: 37722079 PMCID: PMC10548420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of peri-substituted acenaphthene-based phosphine selenoether bidentate ligands Acenap(iPr2P)(SeAr) (L1-L4, Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl, Ar = Ph, mesityl, 2,4,6-trisopropylphenyl and supermesityl) were prepared. The rigid acenaphthene framework induces a forced overlap of the phosphine and selenoether lone pairs, resulting in a large magnitude of through-space 4JPSe coupling, ranging from 452 to 545 Hz. These rigid ligands L1-L4 were used to prepare a series of selected late d-block metals, mercury, and borane complexes, which were characterized, including by multinuclear NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Lewis acidic motifs (BH3, Mo(CO)4, Ag+, PdCl2, PtCl2, and HgCl2) bridge the two donor atoms (P and Se) in all but one case in the solid-state structures. Where the bridging motif contained NMR-active nuclei (11B, 107Ag, 109Ag, 195Pt, and 199Hg), JPM and JSeM couplings are observed directly, in addition to the altered JPSe in the respective NMR spectra. The solution NMR data are correlated with single-crystal diffraction data, and in the case of mercury(II) complexes, they are also correlated with the solid-state NMR data and coupling deformation density calculations. The latter indicate that the through-space interaction dominates in free L1, while in the L1HgCl2 complex, the main coupling pathway is via the metal atom and not through the carbon framework of the acenaphthene ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutao Zhang
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
- Institute
of Wolfberry Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry
Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Francesca A. Christie
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Anna E. Tarcza
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Helena G. Lancaster
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Laurence J. Taylor
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Olga L. Malkina
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84 536, Slovakia
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - David B. Cordes
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Brian A. Chalmers
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Petr Kilian
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
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4
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Malkina OL, Lemken F, Asher JR, Hierso JC, Bűhl M, Malkin VG. Transmission of spin-polarization by π-orbitals: an approach to assessing its effect on NMR spin-spin coupling and EPR hyperfine structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24039-24049. [PMID: 36168793 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03295c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to assessing the effect of the transmission of spin-polarization by π-orbitals (π-TSP) is presented. In order to switch off the π-TSP effect, we artificially average the α- and β-densities of the valence π-orbitals when calculating the exchange-correlation contribution to the Fock matrix in the unrestricted Kohn-Sham framework. The π-TSP effect is then evaluated as the difference between the results obtained with switched-on and switched-off options. This approach is applied to estimate the π-TSP effect on the Fermi-contact contribution to spin-spin couplings and EPR hyperfine structure coupling constants. The π-TSP effect on the distribution of spin-density, spin-spin coupling pathways and pathways of EPR hyperfine couplings is demonstrated for benzene, naphthalene, 1,3,5,7,9-decapentaene and the 1,3,5,7,9-decapentaen-1-yl radical. The sign alternation of the spin-polarization transmitted by π-orbitals is explained in a theoretical framework based on perturbation theory. However, the delocalized nature of the π-system can interfere with the sign alternation in certain cases, two of which - the cyclobutadiene dication and the cyclooctatetraene dication - are examined, and an explanation for which is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Malkina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Florian Lemken
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - James R Asher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH2, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Michael Bűhl
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Vladimir G Malkin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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5
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Malkina OL, Hierso JC, Malkin VG. Distinguishing "Through-Space" from "Through-Bonds" Contribution in Indirect Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling: General Approaches Applied to Complex JPP and JPSe Scalar Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10768-10784. [PMID: 35687121 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present herein two complementary theoretical approaches for analyzing the transmission pathways of indirect nuclear spin-spin couplings in high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance. This phenomenon is notably conceptually poorly understood in complex experimental situations in which both nonbonded ["through-space" (TS)] and more "classical" bonding ("through-bond") spin-spin coupling pathways are potentially involved. The computational approaches we propose allow the visualization and discussion of individual transmission pathways and estimation of their relative weight from numerical contributions to the spin-spin coupling constant J-value. The first approach is based on the analysis of contributions limited to occupied molecular orbitals [focused on occupied molecular orbitals (FOMO)]. The second approach encompasses the consideration of both occupied and vacant orbitals [global molecular orbital contributions (GMOC)], and, besides the contributions from individual pathways, also considers their cross contributions. Both approaches are applicable to large systems with complex interactions of nuclear magnetic moments. Herein, we have first applied the FOMO and GMOC computational approaches to simple diphosphine models and then extended the analysis to JPP and JPSe experimentally measured in a constrained selenated (diphosphino)naphthalene compound. The new computational tools contributed evidence for the importance of the single lone pair not only from phosphorus but also from selenium in TS spin-spin transmission. It evidenced and modeled for the first time the existence of spin-spin transmission pathways mixing classical covalent bonding parts with a lone pair overlap of proximate heteroatoms (P and Se).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Malkina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84 536, Slovakia
| | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon, 21078, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 103 Bd. Saint Michel, 75005 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Vladimir G Malkin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84 536, Slovakia
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6
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Nguyen TA, Penouilh MJ, Cattey H, Pirio N, Fleurat-Lessard P, Hierso JC, Roger J. Unsymmetrically Substituted Bis(phosphino)Ferrocenes Triggering Through-Space 31(P, P′)-Nuclear Spin Couplings and Encapsulating Coinage Metal Cations. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Anh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Marie-José Penouilh
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Cattey
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Nadine Pirio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Julien Roger
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne−Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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7
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Ayyappan R, Coppel Y, Vendier L, Ghosh S, Sabo-Etienne S, Bontemps S. Synthesis and reactivity of phosphine borohydride compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:375-378. [PMID: 33325466 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07072f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four lithium phosphine borohydride compounds featuring phenyl and naphthyl linkers have been synthesized. In-depth NMR analysis affords evidence for non-bonded through space P-B coupling. Reactivity towards CO2 leads to LiH transfer and to the quantitative formation of the corresponding ambiphilic phosphine-borane products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Ayyappan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
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8
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Vı́cha J, Novotný J, Komorovsky S, Straka M, Kaupp M, Marek R. Relativistic Heavy-Neighbor-Atom Effects on NMR Shifts: Concepts and Trends Across the Periodic Table. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7065-7103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vı́cha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlı́n, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, CZ-76001 Zlı́n, Czechia
| | - Jan Novotný
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
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9
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Komorovsky S, Jakubowska K, Świder P, Repisky M, Jaszuński M. NMR Spin–Spin Coupling Constants Derived from Relativistic Four-Component DFT Theory—Analysis and Visualization. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5157-5169. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Komorovsky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 36, Slovakia
| | | | - Paweł Świder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warszawa 01-224, Poland
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Michał Jaszuński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warszawa 01-224, Poland
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10
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Nejman PS, Curzon TE, Bühl M, McKay D, Woollins JD, Ashbrook SE, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Kilian P. Phosphorus–Bismuth Peri-Substituted Acenaphthenes: A Synthetic, Structural, and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5616-5625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S. Nejman
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - Thomasine E. Curzon
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - David McKay
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharon E. Ashbrook
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | | | - Petr Kilian
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
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11
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Webber AL, Yates JR, Zilka M, Sturniolo S, Uldry AC, Corlett EK, Pickard CJ, Pérez-Torralba M, Angeles Garcia M, Santa Maria D, Claramunt RM, Brown SP. Weak Intermolecular CH···N Hydrogen Bonding: Determination of 13CH- 15N Hydrogen-Bond Mediated J Couplings by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and First-Principles Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:560-572. [PMID: 31880451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Weak hydrogen bonds are increasingly hypothesized to play key roles in a wide range of chemistry from catalysis to gelation to polymer structure. Here, 15N/13C spin-echo magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are applied to "view" intermolecular CH···N hydrogen bonding in two selectively labeled organic compounds, 4-[15N] cyano-4'-[13C2] ethynylbiphenyl (1) and [15N3,13C6]-2,4,6-triethynyl-1,3,5-triazine (2). The synthesis of 2-15N3,13C6 is reported here for the first time via a multistep procedure, where the key element is the reaction of [15N3]-2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (5) with [13C2]-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]zinc chloride (8) to afford its immediate precursor [15N3,13C6]-2,4,6-tris[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]-1,3,5-triazine (9). Experimentally determined hydrogen-bond-mediated 2hJCN couplings (4.7 ± 0.4 Hz (1) and 4.1 ± 0.3 Hz (2)) are compared with density functional theory (DFT) gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) calculations, whereby species-independent coupling values 2hKCN (29.0 × 1019 kg m-2 s-2 A-2 (1) and 27.9 × 1019 kg m-2 s-2 A-2 (2)) quantitatively demonstrate the J couplings for these "weak" CH···N hydrogen bonds to be of a similar magnitude to those for conventionally observed NH···O hydrogen-bonding interactions in uracil (2hKNO: 28.1 and 36.8 × 1019 kg m-2 s-2 A-2). Moreover, the GIPAW calculations show a clear correlation between increasing 2hJCN (and 3hJCN) coupling and reducing C(H)···N and H···N hydrogen-bonding distances, with the Fermi contact term accounting for at least 98% of the isotropic 2hJCN coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Webber
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Jonathan R Yates
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Miri Zilka
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Simone Sturniolo
- Scientific Computing Department , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0QX , U.K
| | - Anne-Christine Uldry
- Department for Biomedical Research , University of Bern , Freiburgstrasse 15 , Bern 3010 , Switzerland
| | - Emily K Corlett
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , U.K.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research , Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira , Aoba, Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Marta Pérez-Torralba
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, UNED , Senda del Rey 9 , Madrid E-28040 , Spain
| | - M Angeles Garcia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, UNED , Senda del Rey 9 , Madrid E-28040 , Spain
| | - Dolores Santa Maria
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, UNED , Senda del Rey 9 , Madrid E-28040 , Spain
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, UNED , Senda del Rey 9 , Madrid E-28040 , Spain
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
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12
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Zeoly LA, Coelho F, Cormanich RA. Intramolecular H-Bond Is Formed in 2-Fluorophenol and 2-Fluorothiophenol, but It May Not Be the Main Pathway of the JFH Coupling Constant Transmission. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10072-10078. [PMID: 31661281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular CF···HX (X = O or S) H-bond and JFH spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) in 2-fluorophenol and 2-fluorothiophenol were investigated experimentally by 1H and 19F NMR and theoretically in the framework of the natural bond orbital analysis. In contrast with recent findings from the literature, the results obtained in this work showed that an intramolecular H-bond is formed in the cis conformers and that it has an electrostatic origin. Such an intramolecular electrostatic H-bond is the interaction that rules the conformational preferences on these compounds. Moreover, the natural J-coupling analysis indicated that the JHF SSCC in 2-fluorophenol has its origin on LP(F)/σOH steric interactions and should be labeled as 4TSJHF. On the other hand, the analogue SSCC for 2-fluorothiophenol has its origin on the intramolecular H-bond LP(F) → σSH* hyperconjugative interaction and should be described as a 1hJFH SSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Zeoly
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry , Campinas , São Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry , Campinas , São Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cormanich
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry , Campinas , São Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
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13
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Isenberg S, Weller S, Kargin D, Valić S, Schwederski B, Kelemen Z, Bruhn C, Krekić K, Maurer M, Feil CM, Nieger M, Gudat D, Nyulászi L, Pietschnig R. Bis-[3]Ferrocenophanes with Central >E-E'< Bonds (E, E'=P, SiH): Preparation, Properties, and Thermal Activation. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1235-1243. [PMID: 31592068 PMCID: PMC6769432 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bis-[3]ferrocenophanes of the general type Fe(C5H4E')2E-E(E'C5H4)2Fe (E=P, SiH and E'=PtBu, NneoPentyl, NSi(CH3)3) with an isolobal molecular framework have been prepared and characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The thermal dissociation behavior with respect to homolytic fission of the central bond generating phosphorus centered radicals was investigated using EPR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Isenberg
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Stefan Weller
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Denis Kargin
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Srećko Valić
- Ruđer Bošković InstituteBijenička cesta 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Brigitte Schwederski
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Kristijan Krekić
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Martin Maurer
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Christoph M. Feil
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O Box 55Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
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14
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Coburger P, Bielytskyi P, Williamson D, Rys E, Kreienbrink A, Lönnecke P, Matysik J, Hey-Hawkins E. Accessing the First nido-Carborane-Substituted Diphosphetane: A Ligand and Synthon for nido-Carboranylphosphanes. Chemistry 2019; 25:11456-11465. [PMID: 31074568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Deboronation of a carborane-substituted diphosphetane 2 in toluene yielded the first nido-carboranyldiphosphetane 1. The P-P bond in 1 can be broken via dismutation reactions with diaryl dichalcogenides yielding nido-carboranyl bis-phosphanes that were not accessible via established synthetic protocols. Additionally, transition metal complexes of 1 could be isolated including one coordination polymer. Notably, when the deboronation of 2 is carried out in ethanol, unprecedented nido-carborane-substituted secondary bis-phosphane monoxides (3, 4) are obtained. These compounds are interesting starting materials for further reactivity studies due to their P-H bonds. Experimental findings are supported by DFT calculations including the calculation of reaction mechanisms and NMR spectroscopic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pavlo Bielytskyi
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Darcy Williamson
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Evgeny Rys
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilov Str. 28, 117813, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anika Kreienbrink
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Ariai J, Saielli G. "Through-Space" Relativistic Effects on NMR Chemical Shifts of Pyridinium Halide Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:108-115. [PMID: 30312005 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated, using two-component relativistic density functional theory (DFT) at ZORA-SO-BP86 and ZORA-SO-PBE0 level, the occurrence of relativistic effects on the 1 H, 13 C, and 15 N NMR chemical shifts of 1-methylpyridinium halides [MP][X] and 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium trihalides [BMP][X3 ] ionic liquids (ILs) (X=Cl, Br, I) as a result of a non-covalent interaction with the heavy anions. Our results indicate a sizeable deshielding effect in ion pairs when the anion is I- and I3 - . A smaller, though nonzero, effect is observed also with bromine while chlorine based anions do not produce an appreciable relativistic shift. The chemical shift of the carbon atoms of the aromatic ring shows an inverse halogen dependence that has been rationalized based on the little C-2s orbital contribution to the σ-type interaction between the cation and anion. This is the first detailed account and systematic theoretical investigation of a relativistic heavy atom effect on the NMR chemical shifts of light atoms in the absence of covalent bonds. Our work paves the way and suggests the direction for an experimental investigation of such elusive signatures of ion pairing in ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jama Ariai
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Present address: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Giacomo Saielli
- CNR Institute on Membrane Technology, Padova Unit, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padua, Italy
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16
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Lerayer E, Renaut P, Roger J, Pirio N, Cattey H, Fleurat-Lessard P, Boudjelel M, Massou S, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D, Hierso JC. A sterically congested 1,2-diphosphino-1′-boryl-ferrocene: synthesis, characterization and coordination to platinum. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11191-11195. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A unique tritopic (P, P, B)-ferrocene ambiphile with antagonist functions directly attached to a metallocene backbone is described.
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17
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Dračínský M, Buchta M, Buděšínský M, Vacek-Chocholoušová J, Stará IG, Starý I, Malkina OL. Dihydrogen contacts observed by through-space indirect NMR coupling. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7437-7446. [PMID: 30319744 PMCID: PMC6180313 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
"Through-space" indirect spin-spin couplings between hydrogen atoms formally separated by up to 18 covalent bonds have been detected by NMR experiments in model helical molecules. It is demonstrated that this coupling can provide crucial structural information on the molecular conformation in solution. The coupling pathways have been visualised and analysed by computational methods. The conformational dependence of the coupling is explained in terms of orbital interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic .
| | - Michal Buchta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic .
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic .
| | - Jana Vacek-Chocholoušová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic .
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic .
| | - Ivo Starý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic .
| | - Olga L Malkina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 9 , SK-84536 Bratislava , Slovakia .
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18
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Chalmers BA, Nejman PS, Llewellyn AV, Felaar AM, Griffiths BL, Portman EI, Gordon EJL, Fan KJH, Woollins JD, Bühl M, Malkina OL, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Kilian P. A Study of Through-Space and Through-Bond J PP Coupling in a Rigid Nonsymmetrical Bis(phosphine) and Its Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018. [PMID: 29517228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of representative late d-block metal complexes bearing a rigid bis(phosphine) ligand, iPr2P-Ace-PPh2 (L, Ace = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl), was prepared and fully characterized by various techniques, including multinuclear NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The heteroleptic nature of the peri-substituted ligand L allows for the direct observation of the JPP couplings in the 31P{1H} NMR spectra. Magnitudes of JPP are correlated with the identity and geometry of the metal and the distortions of the ligand L. The forced overlap of the phosphine lone pairs due to the constraints imposed by the rigid acenaphthene skeleton in L results in a large 4 JPP of 180 Hz. Sequestration of the lone pairs, either via oxidation of the phosphine or via metal chelation, results in distinct changes in the magnitude of JPP. For tetrahedral d10 complexes ([LMCl2], M = Zn, Cd, Hg), the JPP is comparable to or larger than (193-309 Hz) that in free ligand L, although the P···P separation in these complexes is increased by ca. 0.4 Å (compare to free ligand L). The magnitude of JPP diminishes to 26-117 Hz in square planar d8 complexes ([LMX2], M = Ni, Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br) and the octahedral Mo0 complex ([LMo(CO)4], 33 Hz). Coupling deformation density calculations indicate the through-space interaction dominates in free L, while in metal complexes the main coupling pathway is via the metal atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Chalmers
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Phillip S Nejman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Alice V Llewellyn
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Adrian M Felaar
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Ben L Griffiths
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Eden I Portman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Emma-Jane L Gordon
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Kenny J H Fan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - J Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - M Bühl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Olga L Malkina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 9 , 84 536 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Petr Kilian
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
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19
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The Conundrum of the (C4H7)+ Cation: Bicyclobutonium and Related Carbocations. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Malkin VG, Malkina OL, Zhidomirov GM. Visualization of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Hyperfine Structure Coupling Pathways. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3580-3587. [PMID: 28410441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The close relation between the EPR hyperfine coupling constant and NMR indirect spin-spin coupling constant is well-known. For example, the Karplus-type dependence of hyperfine constants on the dihedral angle, originally proposed for NMR spin-spin coupling, is widely used in pNMR studies. In the present work we propose a new tool for visualization of hyperfine coupling pathways based on our experience with visualization of NMR indirect spin-spin couplings. The plotted 3D-function is the difference between the total electron densities when the magnetic moment of the nucleus of interest changes its sign and as such is an observable from the physical point of view. It has been shown that it is proportional to the linear response of the spin density to the nuclear spin (i.e., magnetic moment). In contrast to the widely used visualization of spin density, our new approach depicts only the part of the electron cloud of a molecule that is affected by the interaction of the unpaired electron(s) with the desired nuclear magnetic moment. Because visualization of NMR spin-spin couplings and hyperfine interaction is based on the same ideas and done using similar techniques, it allows a direct comparison of the corresponding pathways for the two phenomena so as to analyze their resemblance and/or dissimilarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Malkin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga L Malkina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Comenius University , SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Georgy M Zhidomirov
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect Lavrentieva 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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21
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Rampazzi V, Roger J, Amardeil R, Penouilh MJ, Richard P, Fleurat-Lessard P, Hierso JC. Gold(I) Complexes of Ferrocenyl Polyphosphines: Aurophilic Gold Chloride Formation and Phosphine-Concerted Shuttling of a Dinuclear [ClAu···AuCl] Fragment. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10907-10921. [PMID: 27748585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A smart steric control of the metallocene backbone in bis- and poly(phosphino)ferrocene ligands favors intramolecular aurophilic interactions between [AuCl] fragments in polynuclear gold(I) complexes. We synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR and X-ray diffraction analysis mono-, di-, and polynuclear gold complexes of constrained ferrocenyl diphosphines, which bear either bulky tert-butyl groups or more flexible siloxane substituents at the cyclopentadienyl rings. The complexes meso-1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-3,3'-di-tert-butylferrocene (4-m), rac-1,1'-bis[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)phosphino]-3,3'-di-tert-butylferrocene (5-r), and rac-1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-3,3'-bis[(tri-iso-propylsilyl)oxy]ferrocene (6-r) were used to form dinuclear gold complexes. Coordination of tert-butylated ferrocenyl phosphines generated aurophilic interactions in the corresponding dinuclear gold complexes, contrary to gold(I) complexes reported with 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene. The structurally related tetraphosphine 1,1',2,2'-tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)-4,4'-di-tert-butylferrocene (11) also gave access to mononuclear, dinuclear, and the original trinuclear gold chloride aurophilic complexes in which 14e- to 16e- gold centers coexist. In such complexes, nonbonded ("through-space") 31P-31P' nuclear spin couplings were evidenced by high-resolution NMR. In these interactions nuclear spin information is transferred between the lone-pair electron of an uncoordinated phosphorus P and a phosphorus P' that is involved in a σ covalent bond Au-P'. The dinuclear aurophilic complex displayed a concerted shuttling of its [ClAu···AuCl] fragment between the four phosphorus donors of the tetraphosphine ligand. Thus, an aurophilic Au···Au bond, which is assumed to be a weak energy interaction, can be conserved within a dynamic shuttling process at high temperature involving an intramolecular coordination-decoordination process of digold(I) at phosphorus atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rampazzi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Julien Roger
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Régine Amardeil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Marie-José Penouilh
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Richard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) , 103 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 Paris Cedex, France
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22
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Tormena CF. Conformational analysis of small molecules: NMR and quantum mechanics calculations. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 96:73-88. [PMID: 27573182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review deals with conformational analysis in small organic molecules, and describes the stereoelectronic interactions responsible for conformational stability. Conformational analysis is usually performed using NMR spectroscopy through measurement of coupling constants at room or low temperature in different solvents to determine the populations of conformers in solution. Quantum mechanical calculations are used to address the interactions responsible for conformer stability. The conformational analysis of a large number of small molecules is described, using coupling constant measurements in different solvents and at low temperature, as well as recent applications of through-space and through-hydrogen bond coupling constants JFH as tools for the conformational analysis of fluorinated molecules. Besides NMR parameters, stereoelectronic interactions such as conjugative, hyperconjugative, steric and intramolecular hydrogen bond interactions involved in conformational preferences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio F Tormena
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Sanz Camacho P, McKay D, Dawson DM, Kirst C, Yates JR, Green TFG, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Ashbrook SE. Investigating Unusual Homonuclear Intermolecular “Through-Space” J Couplings in Organochalcogen Systems. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10881-10887. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sanz Camacho
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - David McKay
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Daniel M. Dawson
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Christin Kirst
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | | | | | - David B. Cordes
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Sharon E. Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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24
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Fadeev DS, Chuikov IP, Mamatyuk VI. A study of NMR parameters of para -substituted polyfluorinated benzyl cations and their precursors. J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Asher JR, Malkin VG, Malkina OL. Visualization of the four-component g-tensor density as a three-dimensional function. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Sanz Camacho P, Athukorala Arachchige KS, Slawin AMZ, Green TFG, Yates JR, Dawson DM, Woollins JD, Ashbrook SE. Unusual Intermolecular “Through-Space” J Couplings in P–Se Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6172-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sanz Camacho
- School
of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | | | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School
of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | | | | | - Daniel M. Dawson
- School
of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- School
of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Sharon E. Ashbrook
- School
of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
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27
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Zarycz MNC, Provasi PF. Investigation of the resonance-assisted hydrogen bond in model β-diketones through localized molecular orbital analysis of the spin-spin coupling constants related to the O-H···O hydrogen bond. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:120-129. [PMID: 25266873 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The resonance-assisted hydrogen bond (HB) phenomenon has been studied theoretically by a localized molecular orbital (LMO) decomposition of the spin-spin coupling constants between atoms either involved or close to the O-H···O system of some β-diketones and their saturated counterparts. The analysis, carried out at the level of the second-order polarization propagator approximation, shows that the contributions in terms of LMO to the paramagnetic spin orbital and the spin dipolar Ramsey terms proof the importance of the delocalized π-electron structure supporting the idea of the existence of the resonance-assisted HB phenomenon phenomenon. The LMO contributions to the Fermi contact term indicate mainly the presence of the HB that may or not be linked to the π-electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Natalia C Zarycz
- Department of Physics, University of Northeastern CONICET, Av. Libertad 5500, Corrientes, Argentina
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28
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Hricovíni M, Driguez PA, Malkina OL. NMR and DFT analysis of trisaccharide from heparin repeating sequence. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11931-42. [PMID: 25254635 DOI: 10.1021/jp508045n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NMR and density functional theory (DFT) have afforded detailed information on the molecular geometry and spin-spin coupling constants of a trisaccharide from the heparin repeating-sequence. The fully optimized molecular structures of two trisaccharide conformations (differing from each other in the form of the central iduronic acid residue) were obtained using the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory in the presence of solvent, the latter included as either explicit water molecules or via a continuum solvent model. NMR spin-spin coupling constants were also computed using various basis sets and functionals and then compared with measured experimental values. Optimized structures for both conformers showed differences in geometry at the glycosidic linkages and in the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Three-bond proton-proton coupling constants ((3)JH-C-C-H), based on fully optimized geometry computed using the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)/UFF level of theory and hydrated with 57 water molecules, showed that the best agreement with experiment was obtained with the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set and a weighted average of 55:45 ((1)C4:(2)S0) of the IdoA2S forms. Other basis sets, DGDZVP and TZVP, also gave acceptable data for most coupling constants, with DGDZVP outperforming the TZVP. Detailed analysis of Fermi-contact contributions to (3)JH-C-C-H showed that important contributions arise from oxygen at both glycosidic linkages, as well as from oxygen atoms on the neighboring monosaccharide units. Their contribution to the Fermi term cannot be neglected and must be taken into account for a correct description of coupling constants. The analysis also showed that the magnitude of paramagnetic (PSO) and diamagnetic (DSO) spin-orbit contributions is comparable to the magnitude of the Fermi-contact contribution in some coupling constants in the IdoA2S residue. Calculations of the localized molecular orbital contributions to the DSO terms from separate conformational residues showed that the contribution from adjacent residues is not negligible and can be important for the spin-spin coupling constants between protons located close to the geometrical center of the molecule. These contributions should be taken into account when interpreting DSO terms in spin-spin coupling constants especially in large molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Hricovíni
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences , 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
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29
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Beaupérin M, Smaliy R, Cattey H, Meunier P, Ou J, Toy PH, Hierso J. Functionalized Tri‐ and Tetraphosphine Ligands as a General Approach for Controlled Implantation of Phosphorus Donors with a High Local Density in Immobilized Molecular Catalysts. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Beaupérin
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (ICMUB), UMR‐CNRS 6302, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France), Fax: (+33) (0)3 80393682
| | - Radomyr Smaliy
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (ICMUB), UMR‐CNRS 6302, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France), Fax: (+33) (0)3 80393682
| | - Hélène Cattey
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (ICMUB), UMR‐CNRS 6302, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France), Fax: (+33) (0)3 80393682
| | - Philippe Meunier
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (ICMUB), UMR‐CNRS 6302, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France), Fax: (+33) (0)3 80393682
| | - Jun Ou
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (P. R. China)
| | - Patrick H. Toy
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (P. R. China)
| | - Jean‐Cyrille Hierso
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (ICMUB), UMR‐CNRS 6302, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France), Fax: (+33) (0)3 80393682
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)‐France
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30
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Hierso JC. Indirect nonbonded nuclear spin-spin coupling: a guide for the recognition and understanding of "through-space" NMR J constants in small organic, organometallic, and coordination compounds. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4838-67. [PMID: 24533483 DOI: 10.1021/cr400330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne and Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) , 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 Dijon F-21078, France
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31
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Beaupérin M, Smaliy R, Cattey H, Meunier P, Ou J, Toy PH, Hierso JC. Modular functionalized polyphosphines for supported materials: previously unobserved31P-NMR «through-space» ABCD spin systems and heterogeneous palladium-catalysed C–C and C–H arylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9505-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized modular polyphosphines introduce a conceptual novelty in controlling both implantation and conformation of donors in immobilized catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Beaupérin
- Université de Bourgogne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR-CNRS 6302
- 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Radomyr Smaliy
- Université de Bourgogne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR-CNRS 6302
- 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Cattey
- Université de Bourgogne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR-CNRS 6302
- 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Meunier
- Université de Bourgogne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR-CNRS 6302
- 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jun Ou
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Patrick H. Toy
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Université de Bourgogne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) UMR-CNRS 6302
- 21078 Dijon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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32
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Křístková A, Asher JR, Malkin VG, Malkina OL. Indirect Nuclear 15N–15N Scalar Coupling through a Hydrogen Bond: Dependence on Structural Parameters Studied by Quantum Chemistry Tools. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9235-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404650b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Křístková
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská
cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - James R. Asher
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská
cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir G. Malkin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská
cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Paulínska 16, SK-91724 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Olga L. Malkina
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská
cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
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33
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Blanchard JW, Ledbetter MP, Theis T, Butler MC, Budker D, Pines A. High-Resolution Zero-Field NMR J-Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3607-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312239v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John W. Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720-3220, United States
| | - Micah P. Ledbetter
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720-7300, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720-3220, United States
| | - Mark C. Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720-3220, United States
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720-7300, United States
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
94720-3220, United States
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34
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Contreras RH, Tormena CF, Ducati LC. Transmission Mechanisms of the Fermi-Contact Term of Spin–Spin Couplings. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, CONDENSED MATTER & BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59411-2.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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35
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García de la Vega J, San Fabián J. Analysis of Contributions to Spin–Spin Coupling Constants by the Natural J-Coupling Method. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, CONDENSED MATTER & BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59411-2.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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Ledbetter MP, Saielli G, Bagno A, Tran N, Romalis MV. Observation of scalar nuclear spin–spin coupling in van der Waals complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12393-12397. [PMCID: PMC3411965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203108109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Scalar couplings between covalently bound nuclear spins are a ubiquitous feature in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, imparting valuable information to NMR spectra regarding molecular structure and conformation. Such couplings arise due to a second-order hyperfine interaction, and, in principle, the same mechanism should lead to scalar couplings between nuclear spins in unbound van der Waals complexes. Here, we report the first observation of scalar couplings between nuclei in van der Waals complexes. Our measurements are performed in a solution of hyperpolarized 129Xe and pentane, using superconducting quantum interference devices to detect NMR in 10 mG fields, and are in good agreement with calculations based on density functional theory. van der Waals forces play an important role in many physical phenomena. The techniques presented here may provide a new method for probing such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Saielli
- Istituto CNR per la Tecnologia delle Membrane, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy; and
| | - Alessandro Bagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nhan Tran
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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37
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Zarycz N, Aucar GA. The analysis of NMR J-couplings of saturated and unsaturated compounds by the localized second order polarization propagator approach method. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:174115. [PMID: 22583218 DOI: 10.1063/1.3697844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calculations of NMR J-coupling with polarization propagators are not invariant under unitary transformations at second order level of approach, second order polarization propagator approach (SOPPA). They are only invariant at first order or random phase level of approach (RPA). We performed "localized" SOPPA (Loc-SOPPA), calculations of J-couplings applying two different schemes for the localization of molecular orbitals(LMO): Foster-Boys and Pipek-Mezey. We show here that results of such Loc-SOPPA calculations are different though not much: they are less than 6% different in the worst case. Therefore it is possible to apply them with confidence in the analysis of the transmission of different coupling mechanisms within the molecule. We are able now to get reliable information on what LMOs are the most important (and so which are not important) for a given J-coupling in a molecule. This information can then be used for selecting which are the paths that should be described with the highest possible accuracy for that J-coupling calculation. A few unsaturated compounds are analyzed: ethene, trans-difluoroethene or DiF-ethene, and imine. It is shown that different lone pairs (of p(z) or p(x/y) type) are responsible for the vicinal F-F J-coupling in DiF-ethene; and also the fact that the main LP contributor is not the same for the fermi contact and the spin-dipolar mechanisms. We also studied phosphorous containing compounds such as phosphine and cis-propylene phosphine. In both cases the analysis of the main LMO contributing to one-bond P-H coupling and through-space P-C coupling were performed. The above mentioned unsaturated molecular systems have quasiinstability problems that arise at RPA level of approach. We show here that they are mostly originated in the antibonding π∗ LMO, corresponding to the C=C or C=N double bonds. We performed the analysis of the origin of quasiinstabilities for the SD mechanism. The contribution of each kind of excitation terms to SOPPA calculations were considered, meaning the main contributions by single and double excitations. It is shown that one can get more than 97% of the total electron correlation contribution when including terms that mainly contain single excitations (though double-excitation matrix elements should still be calculated).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zarycz
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University of Argentina and IMIT Institute, Avenida Libertad 5460 - Corrientes, W 3404 AAS Argentina
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38
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Zarycz N, Aucar GA. Analysis of Electron Correlation Effects and Contributions of NMR J-Couplings from Occupied Localized Molecular Orbitals. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1272-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209850z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zarycz
- Department of Physics, Natural and Exact Science Faculty,
Northeastern University of Argentina, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Aucar
- Department of Physics, Natural and Exact Science Faculty,
Northeastern University of Argentina, Corrientes, Argentina
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39
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Pikulska A, Kauch M, Pecul M. Theoretical Prediction of the Spin–Spin Coupling Constants between an Axis and Macrocycle of a Rotaxane. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10795-800. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2054537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pikulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kauch
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pecul
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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40
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Malkina OL, Křístková A, Malkin E, Komorovský S, Malkin VG. Illumination of the effect of the overlap of lone-pairs on indirect nuclear spin–spin coupling constants. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16015-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21422e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Contreras RH, dos Santos FP, Ducati LC, Tormena CF. Difference between ²JC2H3 and ²JC3H2 spin-spin couplings in heterocyclic five- and six-membered rings as a probe for studying σ-ring currents: a quantum chemical analysis. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2010; 48 Suppl 1:S151-S158. [PMID: 21104760 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adequate analyses of canonical molecular orbitals (CMOs) can provide rather detailed information on the importance of different σ-Fermi contact (FC) coupling pathways (FC term transmitted through the σ-skeleton). Knowledge of the spatial distribution of CMOs is obtained by expanding them in terms of natural bond orbitals (NBOs). Their relative importance for transmitting the σ-FC contribution to a given spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) is estimated by resorting to the expression of the FC term given by the polarisation propagator formalism. In this way, it is possible to classify the effects affecting such couplings in two different ways: delocalisation interactions taking place in the neighbourhood of the coupling nuclei and 'round the ring' effects. The latter, associated with σ-ring currents, are observed to yield significant differences between the FC terms of (2)J(C2H3) and (2)J(C3H2) SSCCs which, consequently, are taken as probes to gauge the differences in σ-ring currents for the five-membered rings (furan, thiophene, selenophene and pyrrol) and also for the six-membered rings (benzene, pyridine, protonated pyridine and N-oxide pyridine) used in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén H Contreras
- Department of Physics, FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires and IFIBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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42
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Marek R, Křístková A, Maliňáková K, Toušek J, Marek J, Hocek M, Malkina OL, Malkin VG. Interpretation of Indirect Nuclear Spin−Spin Couplings in Isomers of Adenine: Novel Approach to Analyze Coupling Electron Deformation Density Using Localized Molecular Orbitals. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6689-700. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102186r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Marek
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A2, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anežka Křístková
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A2, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Maliňáková
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A2, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Toušek
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A2, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Marek
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A2, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A2, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga L. Malkina
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A2, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir G. Malkin
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A2, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
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43
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Contreras RH, Gotelli G, Ducati LC, Barbosa TM, Tormena CF. Analysis of Canonical Molecular Orbitals to Identify Fermi Contact Coupling Pathways. 1. Through-Space Transmission by Overlap of 31P Lone Pairs. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1044-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908970f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén H. Contreras
- Department of Physics, FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, FFyB, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gotelli
- Department of Physics, FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, FFyB, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas C. Ducati
- Department of Physics, FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, FFyB, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais M. Barbosa
- Department of Physics, FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, FFyB, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio F. Tormena
- Department of Physics, FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, FFyB, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hierso JC, Armspach D, Matt D. “Through-space” nuclear spin–spin couplings in ferrocenyl polyphosphanes and diphosphino cavitands: A new way of gathering structural information in constrained P(III) ligands by NMR. CR CHIM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Dracínský M, Kaminský J, Bour P. Relative importance of first and second derivatives of nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants for vibrational averaging. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:094106. [PMID: 19275395 DOI: 10.1063/1.3081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative importance of anharmonic corrections to molecular vibrational energies, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts, and J-coupling constants was assessed for a model set of methane derivatives, differently charged alanine forms, and sugar models. Molecular quartic force fields and NMR parameter derivatives were obtained quantum mechanically by a numerical differentiation. In most cases the harmonic vibrational function combined with the property second derivatives provided the largest correction of the equilibrium values, while anharmonic corrections (third and fourth energy derivatives) were found less important. The most computationally expensive off-diagonal quartic energy derivatives involving four different coordinates provided a negligible contribution. The vibrational corrections of NMR shifts were small and yielded a convincing improvement only for very accurate wave function calculations. For the indirect spin-spin coupling constants the averaging significantly improved already the equilibrium values obtained at the density functional theory level. Both first and complete second shielding derivatives were found important for the shift corrections, while for the J-coupling constants the vibrational parts were dominated by the diagonal second derivatives. The vibrational corrections were also applied to some isotopic effects, where the corrected values reasonably well reproduced the experiment, but only if a full second-order expansion of the NMR parameters was included. Contributions of individual vibrational modes for the averaging are discussed. Similar behavior was found for the methane derivatives, and for the larger and polar molecules. The vibrational averaging thus facilitates interpretation of previous experimental results and suggests that it can make future molecular structural studies more reliable. Because of the lengthy numerical differentiation required to compute the NMR parameter derivatives their analytical implementation in future quantum chemistry packages is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dracínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic.
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46
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“Through-space” 31P spin–spin couplings in ferrocenyl tetraphosphine coordination complexes: Improvement in the determination of the distance dependence of JPP constants. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Gräfenstein J, Cremer D. Unusual long-range spin-spin coupling in fluorinated polyenes: a mechanistic analysis. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:174704. [PMID: 17994839 DOI: 10.1063/1.2787001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a prospective means to realize quantum computers. The performance of a NMR quantum computer depends sensitively on the properties of the NMR-active molecule used, where one requirement is a large indirect spin-spin coupling over large distances. F-F spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) for fluorinated polyenes F-(CH==CH)n-F (n=1cdots, three dots, centered5) are >9 Hz across distances of more than 10 A. Analysis of the F,F spin-spin coupling mechanism with our recently developed decomposition of J into Orbital Contributions with the help of Orbital Currents and Partial Spin Polarization (J-OCOC-PSP=J-OC-PSP) method reveals that coupling is dominated by the spin-dipole (SD) term due to an interplay between the pi lone-pair orbitals at the F atoms and the pi(C2n) electron system. From our investigations we conclude that SD-dominated SSCCs should occur commonly in molecules with a contiguous pi-electron system between the two coupling nuclei and that a large SD coupling generally is the most prospective way to provide large long-range spin-spin coupling. Our results give guidelines for the design of suitable active molecules for NMR quantum computers.
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48
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Autschbach J. Analyzing molecular properties calculated with two-component relativistic methods using spin-free natural bond orbitals: NMR spin-spin coupling constants. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:124106. [PMID: 17902892 DOI: 10.1063/1.2768363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An analysis method for static linear response properties employing two-component (spin-orbit) relativistic density functional theory along with scalar relativistic "natural localized molecular orbitals" (NLMOs) and "natural bond orbitals" (NBOs) has been developed. The spin-orbit NLMO/NBO analysis has been applied to study the indirect spin-spin coupling (J-coupling) constants in Tl-I, PbH(4), and a dinuclear Pt-Tl bonded complex with a very large Pt-Tl coupling constant (expt.: 146.8 kHz). For Tl-I it is shown that the analysis scheme based on scalar relativistic NLMOs is applicable even if spin-orbit coupling is responsible for most of the coupling's magnitude. For PbH(4) it is shown that electron delocalization plays a much larger role for the Pb-H coupling than it is the case for the C-H coupling in methane. For the Pt-Tl complex the analysis clearly demonstrates the strong influence of the ligands on the Pt-Tl coupling constant and quantifies the effect of the delocalization of the Pt-Tl bond on the Pt-Tl coupling constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA.
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49
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Cremer D, Gräfenstein J. Calculation and analysis of NMR spin-spin coupling constants. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2791-816. [PMID: 17538726 DOI: 10.1039/b700737j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of NMR spin-spin coupling leads to a unique insight into the electronic structure of closed-shell molecules, provided one is able to decode the different features of the spin-spin coupling mechanism. For this purpose, the physics of spin-spin coupling is described and the way how spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) can be quantum mechanically determined. Based on this insight, a set of requirements is derived that guide the development of a quantum mechanical analysis of spin-spin coupling. It is demonstrated that the J-OC-PSP (=J-OC-OC-PSP: Decomposition of J into orbital contributions using orbital currents and partial spin polarization) analysis method fulfills all requirements. J-OC-PSP makes it possible to partition the isotropic indirect SSCC J or its reduced analogue K as well as the four Ramsey terms (Fermi contact (FC), spin dipole (SD), diamagnetic spin orbit (DSO), paramagnetic spin orbit (PSO)) leading to J (or K) into Cartesian components (for the anisotropic Ramsey terms SD, DSO, PSO), orbital contributions or electron interaction terms. For the purpose of decoding the spin-spin coupling mechanism, FC, SD, DSO, and PSO coupling is discussed in detail and related to electronic and bonding features of the molecules in question. The myth of empirical and semiempirical relationships between SSCCs and bonding features is unveiled. It is found that most relationships are only of limited, partly dubious value, often arising from a fortuitous cancellation of terms that cannot be expected in general. These relationships are replaced by quantum chemical relations and descriptions that directly reflect the complex electronic processes leading to spin-spin coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Cremer
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, California 95211, USA
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Ye A, Autschbach J. Study of static and dynamic first hyperpolarizabilities using time-dependent density functional quadratic response theory with local contribution and natural bond orbital analysis. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:234101. [PMID: 17190541 DOI: 10.1063/1.2388266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply time-dependent density-functional quadratic response theory to investigate the static and dynamic second-order polarizabilities (first hyperpolarizability) beta. A new implementation using Slater-type basis functions, numerical integration, and density fitting techniques is reported. The second order coupled perturbed Kohn-Sham equations are solved and the second-order perturbed charge density is obtained. It is useful to highlight atomic and bond contributions to understand the relation between molecular structure and properties. Four moderately sized molecules (para-nitroaniline and derivatives thereof) are investigated to assess the accuracy of the time-dependent density-functional theory computations and to investigate the distribution of the second-order charge density as well as the "beta density." Our results highlight the contributions from atoms and bonds on different functional groups to the total value of beta with Mulliken-type and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses, and demonstrate in some cases how contributions from a particular bond may be identified easily by visual inspection of the beta density. In addition, the position of side group substitution on carbon-carbon bonds significantly affects the hyperpolarizability. A contribution analysis as performed here might be helpful for the design of new materials with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA.
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