1
|
Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Protein semisynthesis-defined herein as the assembly of a protein from a combination of synthetic and recombinant fragments-is a burgeoning field of chemical biology that has impacted many areas in the life sciences. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of this area. We begin by discussing the various chemical and enzymatic methods now available for the manufacture of custom proteins containing noncoded elements. This section begins with a discussion of methods that are more chemical in origin and ends with those that employ biocatalysts. We also illustrate the commonalities that exist between these seemingly disparate methods and show how this is allowing for the development of integrated chemoenzymatic methods. This methodology discussion provides the technical foundation for the second part of the review where we cover the great many biological problems that have now been addressed using these tools. Finally, we end the piece with a short discussion on the frontiers of the field and the opportunities available for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom W. Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agouridas V, El Mahdi O, Diemer V, Cargoët M, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Native Chemical Ligation and Extended Methods: Mechanisms, Catalysis, Scope, and Limitations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7328-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Vincent Diemer
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The translation of biological glycosylation in humans to the clinical applications involves systematic studies using homogeneous samples of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, which could be accessed by chemical, enzymatic or other biological methods. However, the structural complexity and wide-range variations of glycans and their conjugates represent a major challenge in the synthesis of this class of biomolecules. To help navigate within many methods of oligosaccharide synthesis, this Perspective offers a critical assessment of the most promising synthetic strategies with an eye on the therapeutically relevant targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Krasnova
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications that profoundly affects the structure and functions of proteins in a wide variety of biological recognition events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycoproteins, usually resulting from the variations of glycan components and/or the sites of glycosylation, often complicates detailed structure-function relationship studies and hampers the therapeutic applications of glycoproteins. To address these challenges, various chemical and biological strategies have been developed for producing glycan-defined homogeneous glycoproteins. This review highlights recent advances in the development of chemoenzymatic methods for synthesizing homogeneous glycoproteins, including the generation of various glycosynthases for synthetic purposes, endoglycosidase-catalyzed glycoprotein synthesis and glycan remodeling, and direct enzymatic glycosylation of polypeptides and proteins. The scope, limitation, and future directions of each method are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adhikary R, Zimmermann J, Romesberg FE. Transparent Window Vibrational Probes for the Characterization of Proteins With High Structural and Temporal Resolution. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1927-1969. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jörg Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Floyd E. Romesberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mende M, Bednarek C, Wawryszyn M, Sauter P, Biskup MB, Schepers U, Bräse S. Chemical Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8193-255. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christin Bednarek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirella Wawryszyn
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul Sauter
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Moritz B. Biskup
- Division
2—Informatics, Economics and Society, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Behrendt R, White P, Offer J. Advances in Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:4-27. [PMID: 26785684 PMCID: PMC4745034 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Today, Fmoc SPPS is the method of choice for peptide synthesis. Very-high-quality Fmoc building blocks are available at low cost because of the economies of scale arising from current multiton production of therapeutic peptides by Fmoc SPPS. Many modified derivatives are commercially available as Fmoc building blocks, making synthetic access to a broad range of peptide derivatives straightforward. The number of synthetic peptides entering clinical trials has grown continuously over the last decade, and recent advances in the Fmoc SPPS technology are a response to the growing demand from medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Improvements are being continually reported for peptide quality, synthesis time and novel synthetic targets. Topical peptide research has contributed to a continuous improvement and expansion of Fmoc SPPS applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Behrendt
- Novabiochem, Merck & CieIm Laternenacker 58200SchaffhausenSwitzerland
| | - Peter White
- Novabiochem, Merck Chemicals LtdPadge RoadBeestonNG9 2JRUK
| | - John Offer
- The Francis Crick Institute215 Euston RoadLondonNW1 2BEUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang LX, Amin MN. Chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycoproteins for deciphering functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:51-66. [PMID: 24439206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins are an important class of biomolecules involved in a number of biological recognition processes. However, natural and recombinant glycoproteins are usually produced as mixtures of glycoforms that differ in the structures of the pendent glycans, which are difficult to separate in pure glycoforms. As a result, synthetic homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins have become indispensable probes for detailed structural and functional studies. A number of elegant chemical and biological strategies have been developed for synthetic construction of tailor-made, full-size glycoproteins to address specific biological problems. In this review, we highlight recent advances in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins. Selected examples are given to demonstrate the applications of tailor-made, glycan-defined glycoproteins for deciphering glycosylation functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mohammed N Amin
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Okamoto R, Kimura M, Ishimizu T, Izumi M, Kajihara Y. Semisynthesis of a Post-Translationally Modified Protein by Using Chemical Cleavage and Activation of an Expressed Fusion Polypeptide. Chemistry 2014; 20:10425-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Bonduelle C, Lecommandoux S. Synthetic Glycopolypeptides as Biomimetic Analogues of Natural Glycoproteins. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2973-83. [DOI: 10.1021/bm4008088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Bonduelle
- Université de Bordeaux/IPB, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607
Pessac Cedex, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hojo H, Tanaka H, Hagiwara M, Asahina Y, Ueki A, Katayama H, Nakahara Y, Yoneshige A, Matsuda J, Ito Y, Nakahara Y. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Hydrophobic Glycoprotein: Synthesis of Saposin C Carrying Complex-Type Carbohydrate. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9437-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351- 0198, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Westerlind U. Synthetic glycopeptides and glycoproteins with applications in biological research. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:804-18. [PMID: 23015828 PMCID: PMC3388868 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, synthetic methods for the preparation of complex glycopeptides have been drastically improved. The need for homogenous glycopeptides and glycoproteins with defined chemical structures to study diverse biological phenomena further enhances the development of methodologies. Selected recent advances in synthesis and applications, in which glycopeptides or glycoproteins serve as tools for biological studies, are reviewed. The importance of specific antibodies directed to the glycan part, as well as the peptide backbone has been realized during the development of synthetic glycopeptide-based anti-tumor vaccines. The fine-tuning of native chemical ligation (NCL), expressed protein ligation (EPL), and chemoenzymatic glycosylation techniques have all together enabled the synthesis of functional glycoproteins. The synthesis of structurally defined, complex glycopeptides or glyco-clusters presented on natural peptide backbones, or mimics thereof, offer further possibilities to study protein-binding events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Westerlind
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V., ISAS - Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, Tel: (+49)231-1392 4215
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carbohydrate synthesis and biosynthesis technologies for cracking of the glycan code: recent advances. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:17-37. [PMID: 22484115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The glycan code of glycoproteins can be conceptually defined at molecular level by the sequence of well characterized glycans attached to evolutionarily predetermined amino acids along the polypeptide chain. Functional consequences of protein glycosylation are numerous, and include a hierarchy of properties from general physicochemical characteristics such as solubility, stability and protection of the polypeptide from the environment up to specific glycan interactions. Definition of the glycan code for glycoproteins has been so far hampered by the lack of chemically defined glycoprotein glycoforms that proved to be extremely difficult to purify from natural sources, and the total chemical synthesis of which has been hitherto possible only for very small molecular species. This review summarizes the recent progress in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of complex glycans and their protein conjugates. Progress in our understanding of the ways in which a particular glycoprotein glycoform gives rise to a unique set of functional properties is now having far reaching implications for the biotechnology of important glycodrugs such as therapeutical monoclonal antibodies, glycoprotein hormones, carbohydrate conjugates used for vaccination and other practically important protein-carbohydrate conjugates.
Collapse
|
15
|
Butterfield S, Hejjaoui M, Fauvet B, Awad L, Lashuel HA. Chemical strategies for controlling protein folding and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation and toxicity. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:204-36. [PMID: 22342932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than a century since the first evidence linking the process of amyloid formation to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. During the last three decades in particular, increasing evidence from various sources (pathology, genetics, cell culture studies, biochemistry, and biophysics) continues to point to a central role for the pathogenesis of several incurable neurodegenerative and systemic diseases. This is in part driven by our improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation and the structural properties of the different aggregates in the amyloid pathway and the emergence of new tools and experimental approaches that permit better characterization of amyloid formation in vivo. Despite these advances, detailed mechanistic understanding of protein aggregation and amyloid formation in vitro and in vivo presents several challenges that remain to be addressed and several fundamental questions about the molecular and structural determinants of amyloid formation and toxicity and the mechanisms of amyloid-induced toxicity remain unanswered. To address this knowledge gap and technical challenges, there is a critical need for developing novel tools and experimental approaches that will not only permit the detection and monitoring of molecular events that underlie this process but also allow for the manipulation of these events in a spatial and temporal fashion both in and out of the cell. This review is primarily dedicated in highlighting recent results that illustrate how advances in chemistry and chemical biology have been and can be used to address some of the questions and technical challenges mentioned above. We believe that combining recent advances in the development of new fluorescent probes, imaging tools that enabled the visualization and tracking of molecular events with advances in organic synthesis, and novel approaches for protein synthesis and engineering provide unique opportunities to gain a molecular-level understanding of the process of amyloid formation. We hope that this review will stimulate further research in this area and catalyze increased collaboration at the interface of chemistry and biology to decipher the mechanisms and roles of protein folding, misfolding, and aggregation in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Butterfield
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang LX, Lomino JV. Emerging technologies for making glycan-defined glycoproteins. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:110-22. [PMID: 22141574 DOI: 10.1021/cb200429n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a common and complex posttranslational modification of proteins, which expands functional diversity while boosting structural heterogeneity. Glycoproteins, the end products of such a modification, are typically produced as mixtures of glycoforms possessing the same polypeptide backbone but differing in the site of glycosylation and/or in the structures of pendant glycans, from which single glycoforms are difficult to isolate. The urgent need for glycan-defined glycoproteins in both detailed structure-function relationship studies and therapeutic applications has stimulated an extensive interest in developing various methods for manipulating protein glycosylation. This review highlights emerging technologies that hold great promise in making a variety of glycan-defined glycoproteins, with a particular emphasis in the following three areas: specific glycoengineering of host biosynthetic pathways, in vitro chemoenzymatic glycosylation remodeling, and chemoselective and site-specific glycosylation of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Joseph V. Lomino
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burlina F, Morris C, Behrendt R, White P, Offer J. Simplifying native chemical ligation with an N-acylsulfonamide linker. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2579-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc15911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Siman P, Brik A. Chemical and semisynthesis of posttranslationally modified proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5684-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
19
|
Macmillan D, Adams A, Premdjee B. Shifting Native Chemical Ligation into Reverse through N→S Acyl Transfer. Isr J Chem 2011; 51:885-899. [PMID: 22347724 PMCID: PMC3277902 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peptide thioester synthesis by N→S acyl transfer is being intensively explored by many research groups the world over. Reasons for this likely include the often straightforward method of precursor assembly using Fmoc-based chemistry and the fundamentally interesting acyl migration process. In this review we introduce recent advances in this exciting area and discuss, in more detail, our own efforts towards the synthesis of peptide thioesters through N→S acyl transfer in native peptide sequences. We have found that several peptide thioesters can be readily prepared and, what's more, there appears to be ample opportunity for further development and discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Macmillan
- Christopher Ingold Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK phone: +44 (0)20 7679 4684 e-mail:
| | - Anna Adams
- Christopher Ingold Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK phone: +44 (0)20 7679 4684 e-mail:
| | - Bhavesh Premdjee
- Christopher Ingold Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK phone: +44 (0)20 7679 4684 e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Premdjee B, Adams AL, Macmillan D. Native N-glycopeptide thioester synthesis through N→S acyl transfer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4973-5. [PMID: 21676613 PMCID: PMC3160546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide thioesters are important tools for the total synthesis of proteins using native chemical ligation (NCL). Preparation of glycopeptide thioesters, that enable the assembly of homogeneously glycosylated proteins, is complicated by the perceived fragile nature of the sugar moiety. Herein, we demonstrate the compatibility of thioester formation via N→S acyl transfer with native N-glycopeptides and report observations that will aid in their preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derek Macmillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Galan MC, Benito-Alifonso D, Watt GM. Carbohydrate chemistry in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3598-610. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
23
|
Richardson JP, Macmillan D. Semi-synthesis of glycoproteins from E. coli through native chemical ligation. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 705:151-174. [PMID: 21125385 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61737-967-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient quantities of homogeneous samples of post-translationally modified proteins are often not readily available from biological sources to facilitate structure-function investigations. Native chemical ligation (NCL) is a convenient method for the production of biologically active proteins from smaller fragments. Such an approach allows protein modifications to be introduced in a controlled fashion into smaller peptide fragments which are amenable to total chemical synthesis. These fragments of defined sequence and structure can be elaborated to full-length proteins through NCL reactions with suitable components derived from bacterial origin. This report describes methods for the bacterial production of components for NCL and their use in typical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang W, Yang Q, Umekawa M, Yamamoto K, Wang LX. Arthrobacter endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase shows transglycosylation activity on complex-type N-glycan oxazolines: one-pot conversion of ribonuclease B to sialylated ribonuclease C. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1350-5. [PMID: 20486148 PMCID: PMC3444296 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine-linked glycosylation is a major form of posttranslational modifications, which plays important roles in protein folding, intracellular signaling, and a number of other biological recognition events [1 ]. Glycoproteins are often characterized by their structural micro-heterogeneity where different glycoforms have the same polypeptide backbone but differ in the pendant oligosaccharides. Of particular interest are the findings that subtle difference in the attached glycans can have a significant impact on the biological functions of a given glycoprotein [2 , 3 ]. The urgent need of pure glycoforms for functional studies and biomedical applications has stimulated a great interest in exploring new methods for making homogeneous glycoproteins [4 ]. Major advances include the application of native chemical ligation and expressed protein ligation for constructing full-size glycoproteins [5 –7 ], chemoselective ligation to introduce homogeneous glycans [8 ], and the engineering of yeast glycosylation pathways to produce single glycoforms [9 ]. Yet another interesting advance in the field is the endoglycosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation for glycosylation engineering and glycoprotein synthesis [10 –16 ].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA, Fax: (+)1-410-706-4694
| | - Qiang Yang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA, Fax: (+)1-410-706-4694
| | - Midori Umekawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA, Fax: (+)1-410-706-4694
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arndt HD, Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Werkzeug für die Chemische Biologie. Semisynthese. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
26
|
Richardson JP, Chan CH, Blanc J, Saadi M, Macmillan D. Exploring neoglycoprotein assembly through native chemical ligation using neoglycopeptide thioesters prepared via N→S acyl transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1351-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b920535g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
27
|
Payne RJ, Wong CH. Advances in chemical ligation strategies for the synthesis of glycopeptides and glycoproteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:21-43. [DOI: 10.1039/b913845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Hojo H, Katayama H, Nakahara Y. Progress in the Ligation Chemistry for Glycoprotein Synthesis. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2010. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.22.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hojo
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakahara
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Masania J, Li J, Smerdon SJ, Macmillan D. Access to phosphoproteins and glycoproteins through semi-synthesis, Native Chemical Ligation and N→S acyl transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5113-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00363h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
30
|
Berrade L, Camarero JA. Expressed protein ligation: a resourceful tool to study protein structure and function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3909-22. [PMID: 19685006 PMCID: PMC3806878 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines the use of expressed protein ligation (EPL) to study protein structure, function and stability. EPL is a chemoselective ligation method that allows the selective ligation of unprotected polypeptides from synthetic and recombinant origin for the production of semi-synthetic protein samples of well-defined and homogeneous chemical composition. This method has been extensively used for the site-specific introduction of biophysical probes, unnatural amino acids, and increasingly complex post-translational modifications. Since it was introduced 10 years ago, EPL applications have grown increasingly more sophisticated in order to address even more complex biological questions. In this review, we highlight how this powerful technology combined with standard biochemical analysis techniques has been used to improve our ability to understand protein structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Berrade
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 616, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Julio A. Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 616, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Glycosylation is an essential form of post-translational modification that regulates intracellular and extracellular processes. Regrettably, conventional biochemical and genetic methods often fall short for the study of glycans, because their structures are often not precisely defined at the genetic level. To address this deficiency, chemists have developed technologies to perturb glycan biosynthesis, profile their presentation at the systems level, and perceive their spatial distribution. These tools have identified potential disease biomarkers and ways to monitor dynamic changes to the glycome in living organisms. Still, glycosylation remains the underexplored frontier of many biological systems. In this Account, we focus on research in our laboratory that seeks to transform the study of glycan function from a challenge to routine practice.
In studies of proteins and nucleic acids, functional studies have often relied on genetic manipulations to perturb structure. Though not directly subject to mutation, we can determine glycan structure−function relationships by synthesizing defined glycoconjugates or by altering natural glycosylation pathways. Chemical syntheses of uniform glycoproteins and polymeric glycoprotein mimics have facilitated the study of individual glycoconjugates in the absence of glycan microheterogeneity. Alternatively, selective inhibition or activation of glycosyltransferases or glycosidases can define the biological roles of the corresponding glycans. Investigators have developed tools including small molecule inhibitors, decoy substrates, and engineered proteins to modify cellular glycans. Current approaches offer a precision approaching that of genetic control. Genomic and proteomic profiling form a basis for biological discovery. Glycans also present a rich matrix of information that adapts rapidly to changing environs. Glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses via microarrays and mass spectrometry are beginning to characterize alterations in glycans that correlate with disease. These approaches have already identified several cancer biomarkers. Metabolic labeling can identify recently synthesized glycans and thus directly track glycan dynamics. This approach can highlight changes in physiology or environment and may be more informative than steady-state analyses. Together, glycomic and metabolic labeling techniques provide a comprehensive description of glycosylation as a foundation for hypothesis generation. Direct visualization of proteins via the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its congeners has revolutionized the field of protein dynamics. Similarly, the ability to perceive the spatial organization of glycans could transform our understanding of their role in development, infection, and disease progression. Fluorescent tagging in cultured cells and developing organisms has revealed important insights into the dynamics of these structures during growth and development. These results have highlighted the need for additional imaging probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, B-84 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
|
34
|
Huang W, Li C, Li B, Umekawa M, Yamamoto K, Zhang X, Wang LX. Glycosynthases enable a highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-glycoproteins carrying intact natural N-glycans. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2214-23. [PMID: 19199609 DOI: 10.1021/ja8074677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous N-glycoproteins carrying defined natural N-glycans are essential for detailed structural and functional studies. The transglycosylation activity of the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases from Arthrobacter protophormiae (Endo-A) and Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) holds great potential for glycoprotein synthesis, but the wild-type enzymes are not practical for making glycoproteins carrying native N-glycans because of their predominant activity for product hydrolysis. In this article, we report studies of two endoglycosidase-based glycosynthases, EndoM-N175A and EndoA-N171A, and their usefulness in constructing homogeneous N-glycoproteins carrying natural N-glycans. The oligosaccharide oxazoline corresponding to the biantennary complex-type N-glycan was synthesized and tested with the two glycosynthases. The EndoM-N175A mutant was able to efficiently transfer the complex-type glycan oxazoline to a GlcNAc peptide and GlcNAc-containing ribonuclease to form the corresponding homogeneous glycopeptide/glycoprotein. The EndoA-N171A mutant did not recognize the complex-type N-glycan oxazoline but could efficiently use the high-mannose-type glycan oxazoline for transglycosylation. These mutants possess the transglycosylation activity but lack the hydrolytic activity toward the product. Kinetic studies revealed that the dramatically enhanced synthetic efficiency of the EndoA-N171A mutant was due to the significantly reduced hydrolytic activity toward both the Man(9)GlcNAc oxazoline and the product as well as to its enhanced activity for transglycosylation. Thus, the two mutants described here represent the first endoglycosidase-based glycosynthases enabling a highly efficient synthesis of homogeneous natural N-glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- David P Gamblin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Chemoselektive Ligations- und Modifikationsstrategien für Peptide und Proteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
38
|
Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Chemoselective Ligation and Modification Strategies for Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:10030-74. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
39
|
Richardson JP, Macmillan D. Optimisation of chemical protein cleavage for erythropoietin semi-synthesis using native chemical ligation. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3977-82. [PMID: 18931805 PMCID: PMC2898651 DOI: 10.1039/b811501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective protein cleavage at methionine residues is a useful method for the production of bacterially derived protein fragments containing an N-terminal cysteine residue required for native chemical ligation. Here we describe an optimised procedure for cyanogen bromide-mediated protein cleavage, and ligation of the resulting fragments to afford biologically active proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, UK WC1H 0AJ. ; Tel: 020-7679 4684
| | - Derek Macmillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, UK WC1H 0AJ. ; Tel: 020-7679 4684
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ochiai H, Huang W, Wang LX. Expeditious chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous N-glycoproteins carrying defined oligosaccharide ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:13790-803. [PMID: 18803385 DOI: 10.1021/ja805044x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient chemoenzymatic method for the construction of homogeneous N-glycoproteins was described that explores the transglycosylation activity of the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae (Endo-A) with synthetic sugar oxazolines as the donor substrates. First, an array of large oligosaccharide oxazolines were synthesized and evaluated as substrates for the Endo-A-catalyzed transglycosylation by use of ribonuclease B as a model system. The experimental results showed that Endo-A could tolerate modifications at the outer mannose residues of the Man3GlcNAc-oxazoline core, thus allowing introduction of large oligosaccharide ligands into a protein and meanwhile preserving the natural, core N-pentasaccharide (Man3GlcNAc2) structure in the resulting glycoprotein upon transglycosylation. In addition to ligands for galectins and mannose-binding lectins, azido functionality could be readily introduced at the N-pentasaccharide (Man3GlcNAc2) core by use of azido-containing Man3GlcNAc oxazoline as the donor substrate. The introduction of azido functionality permits further site-specific modifications of the resulting glycoproteins, as demonstrated by the successful attachment of two copies of alphaGal epitopes to ribonuclease B. This study reveals a broad substrate specificity of Endo-A for transglycosylation, and the chemoenzymatic method described here points to a new avenue for quick access to various homogeneous N-glycoproteins for structure-activity relationship studies and for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ochiai
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rosso M, Arafat A, Schroën K, Giesbers M, Roper CS, Maboudian R, Zuilhof H. Covalent attachment of organic monolayers to silicon carbide surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:4007-4012. [PMID: 18324867 DOI: 10.1021/la704002y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the first alkyl monolayers covalently bound on HF-treated silicon carbide surfaces (SiC) through thermal reaction with 1-alkenes. Treatment of SiC with diluted aqueous HF solutions removes the native oxide layer (SiO2) and provides a reactive hydroxyl-covered surface. Very hydrophobic methyl-terminated surfaces (water contact angle theta = 107 degrees ) are obtained on flat SiC, whereas attachment of omega-functionalized 1-alkenes also yields well-defined functionalized surfaces. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are used to characterize the monolayers and show their covalent attachment. The resulting surfaces are shown to be extremely stable under harsh acidic conditions (e.g., no change in theta after 4 h in 2 M HCl at 90 degrees C), while their stability in alkaline conditions (pH = 11, 60 degrees C) also supersedes that of analogous monolayers such as those on Au, Si, and SiO2. These results are very promising for applications involving functionalized silicon carbide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Rosso
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gamblin DP, van Kasteren SI, Chalker JM, Davis BG. Chemical approaches to mapping the function of post-translational modifications. FEBS J 2008; 275:1949-59. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
43
|
Park S, Lee MR, Shin I. Chemical tools for functional studies of glycans. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:1579-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b713011m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
44
|
A chemical approach to unraveling the biological function of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:20332-7. [PMID: 18077333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710139104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a C-terminal posttranslational modification found on many eukaryotic proteins that reside in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. The complex and diverse structures of GPI anchors suggest a rich spectrum of biological functions, but few have been confirmed experimentally because of the lack of appropriate techniques that allow for structural perturbation in a cellular context. We previously synthesized a series of GPI anchor analogs with systematic deletions within the glycan core and coupled them to the GFP by a combination of expressed protein ligation and native chemical ligation [Paulick MG, Wise AR, Forstner MB, Groves JT, Bertozzi CR (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129:11543-11550]. Here we investigate the behavior of these GPI-protein analogs in living cells. These modified proteins integrated into the plasma membranes of a variety of mammalian cells and were internalized and directed to recycling endosomes similarly to GFP bearing a native GPI anchor. The GPI-protein analogs also diffused freely in cellular membranes. However, changes in the glycan structure significantly affected membrane mobility, with the loss of monosaccharide units correlating to decreased diffusion. Thus, this cellular system provides a platform for dissecting the contributions of various GPI anchor components to their biological function.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen G, Wan Q, Tan Z, Kan C, Hua Z, Ranganathan K, Danishefsky SJ. Development of efficient methods for accomplishing cysteine-free peptide and glycopeptide coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:7383-7. [PMID: 17828726 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gong Chen
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 106, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen G, Wan Q, Tan Z, Kan C, Hua Z, Ranganathan K, Danishefsky S. Development of Efficient Methods for Accomplishing Cysteine-Free Peptide and Glycopeptide Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
47
|
Ingale S, Buskas T, Boons GJ. Synthesis of glyco(lipo)peptides by liposome-mediated native chemical ligation. Org Lett 2007; 8:5785-8. [PMID: 17134272 DOI: 10.1021/ol062423x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although native chemical ligation (NCL) is emerging as a powerful method for the assembly of (glyco)peptide building blocks, its applicability is reduced when peptide segments are poorly soluble in aqueous buffer. We have found that incorporating reactants in liposomes allows NCL of lipophilic peptides and lipopeptides. Furthermore, the reaction rates of liposome-mediated NCL are higher than traditional reaction conditions resulting in improved yields. [reaction: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampat Ingale
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Scheres L, Arafat A, Zuilhof H. Self-assembly of high-quality covalently bound organic monolayers onto silicon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:8343-6. [PMID: 17585792 DOI: 10.1021/la701359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A very mild method has been developed to obtain covalently attached alkyl monolayers from the attachment of 1-alkynes onto hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces at room temperature in the dark. Apart from being the mildest method reported so far for the preparation of such monolayers, their quality, as indicated by water contact angles, XPS, and infrared spectroscopy, equals within experimental error that of the best reported alkyl monolayers on silicon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Scheres
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu B, Chen J, Warren JD, Chen G, Hua Z, Danishefsky SJ. Building complex glycopeptides: Development of a cysteine-free native chemical ligation protocol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:4116-25. [PMID: 16710874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- The Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Sugar-assisted ligation (SAL) presents an attractive strategy for the synthesis of glycopeptides, including the synthesis of cysteine-free beta-O-linked and N-linked glycopeptides. Here we extended the utility of SAL for the synthesis of alpha-O-linked glycopeptides and glycoproteins. In order to explore SAL in the context of glycoprotein synthesis, we developed a new chemical synthetic route for the alpha-O-linked glycoprotein diptericin epsilon. In the first stage of our synthesis, diptericin segment Cys(Acm)37-Gly(52) and segment Val(53)-Phe(82) were assembled by SAL through a Gly-Val ligation junction. Subsequently, after Acm deprotection, diptericin segment Cys(37)-Phe(82) was ligated to segment Asp(1)-Asn(36) by means of native chemical ligation (NCL) to give the full sequence of diptericin epsilon. In the final synthetic step, hydrogenolysis was applied to remove the thiol handle from the sugar moiety with the concomitant conversion of mutated Cys(37) into the native alanine residue. In addition, we extended the applicability of SAL to the synthesis of glycopeptides containing cysteine residues by carrying out selective desulfurization of the sulfhydryl-modified sugar moiety in the presence of acetamidomethyl (Acm) protected cysteine residues. The results presented here demonstrated for the first time that SAL could be a general and useful tool in the chemical synthesis of glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon Ficht
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- E-mail: ,
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|