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Lakma A, Hossain SM, van Leusen J, Kögerler P, Singh AK. Tetranuclear Mn II, Co II, Cu II and Zn II grid complexes of an unsymmetrical ditopic ligand: synthesis, structure, redox and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7766-7777. [PMID: 31066416 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01041f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis towards the preparation of an unsymmetrical binucleating Schiff-base ligand, (H2L) is discussed. It has been synthesized by reacting methyl 6-(hydrazinecarbonyl)picolinate with 2-hydroxy acetophenone. The ligand (H2L) comprises two different asymmetric binding pockets; however, when reacted with Mn(ii), Co(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) salts, very stable self-assembled [2 × 2] grid complexes form regardless of the employed metal-to-ligand ratio. The obtained complexes [Mn4L4]·(CH3CN) (1), [Co4L4]·(CHCl3) (2), [Cu4L4]·(CHCl3) (3) and [Zn4L4] (4) have been fully characterized by physicochemical methods, including ESI mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallographic analyses, and their EPR, magnetic and redox properties are discussed. All discussed complexes self-assembled in a 'head-to-tail' fashion leading to [2 × 2] grid architectures. Mn, Co and Cu grid complexes show weak to moderate antiferromagnetic coupling among the four metal centers. The high stability of the grid structures is in line with the lack of any observable dissociation or exchange between metal ions in solution. Complexes 1 and 2 show four quasi-reversible to irreversible oxidative responses in cyclic voltammograms at a glassy carbon working electrode in 1,2-dichlorobenzene and at a platinum working electrode in dichloromethane, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Lakma
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 752 050, India.
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2
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Wu WY, Fu XH, Jiang P, Tang TH, Li WZ, Wan R. Self-assembly and peripheral guest-binding of [Zn3L2(H2O)6]6+ triangular double helicate. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Findlay JA, McAdam CJ, Sutton JJ, Preston D, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Metallosupramolecular Architectures Formed with Ferrocene-Linked Bis-Bidentate Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Electrochemical Studies. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3602-3614. [PMID: 29381330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of ligands of different geometries with metal ions gives rise to metallosupramolecular architectures of differing structural types. The rotational flexibility of ferrocene allows for conformational diversity, and, as such, self-assembly processes with 1,1'-disubstituted ferrocene ligands could lead to a variety of interesting architectures. Herein, we report a small family of three bis-bidentate 1,1'-disubstituted ferrocene ligands, functionalized with either 2,2'-bipyridine or 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole chelating units. The self-assembly of these ligands with the (usually) four-coordinate, diamagnetic metal ions Cu(I), Ag(I), and Pd(II) was examined using a range of techniques including 1H and DOSY NMR spectroscopies, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory calculations. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of these redox-active metallosupramolecular assemblies were examined using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The copper(I) complexes of the 1,1'-disubstituted ferrocene ligands were found to be coordination polymers, while the silver(I) and palladium(II) complexes formed discrete [1 + 1] or [2 + 2] metallomacrocyclic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Findlay
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand
| | - C John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand
| | - Joshua J Sutton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand
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4
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Van Craen D, Rath WH, Huth M, Kemp L, Räuber C, Wollschläger JM, Schalley CA, Valkonen A, Rissanen K, Albrecht M. Chasing Weak Forces: Hierarchically Assembled Helicates as a Probe for the Evaluation of the Energetics of Weak Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16959-16966. [PMID: 29068687 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
London dispersion forces are the weakest interactions between molecules. Because of this, their influence on chemical processes is often low, but can definitely not be ignored, and even becomes important in cases of molecules with large contact surfaces. Hierarchically assembled dinuclear titanium(IV) helicates represent a rare example in which the direct observation of London dispersion forces is possible in solution even in the presence of strong cohesive solvent effects. Hereby, the dispersion forces do not unlimitedly support the formation of the dimeric complexes. Although they have some favorable enthalpic contribution to the dimerization of the monomeric complex units, large flexible substituents become conformationally restricted by the interactions leading to an entropic disadvantage. The dimeric helicates are entropically destabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Craen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Rath
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Marina Huth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Laura Kemp
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Christoph Räuber
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Jan M Wollschläger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , Survontie 9 B, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , Survontie 9 B, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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5
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Markiewicz G, Piechocki M, Walczak A, Połomska EA, Harrowfield J, Stefankiewicz AR. Generation and transformation of a hemi-iminal-based metal–organic Fe(ii) structure obtained via subcomponent self-assembly in water. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14826-14830. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03182c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Generation of hemi-iminal Fe(ii) species from subcomponent self-assembly in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
| | - Miłosz Piechocki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
| | - Anna Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
| | - Ewa A. Połomska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
| | | | - Artur R. Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
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6
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Van Craen D, Albrecht M, Raabe G, Pan F, Rissanen K. A Supramolecular Chiral Auxiliary Approach: “Remote Control” of Stereochemistry at a Hierarchically Assembled Dimeric Helicate. Chemistry 2016; 22:3255-3258. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Van Craen
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Gerhard Raabe
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Fangfang Pan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35; 40014 University Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35; 40014 University Jyväskylä Finland
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7
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Nitschke JR. Life lessons. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 11:2350-4. [PMID: 26734084 PMCID: PMC4685912 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reminiscing about his younger self: “I mean I can’t very well just 86 [in American slang, to “86” is to eject, remove, or discard someone or something, J.R.N.] this guy from my life. On the other hand, if through some as yet undeveloped technology I were to run into him today, how comfortable would I feel about lending him money, or for that matter even stepping down the street to have a beer and talk over old times?” ― Thomas Pynchon, Slow Learner
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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8
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Siyang HX, Liu HL, Wu XY, Liu PN. Highly efficient click reaction on water catalyzed by a ruthenium complex. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivity of ruthenium-catalyzed click reaction has been enhanced greatly by using H2O as the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xiao Siyang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Hui Ling Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Xin Yan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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9
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Castilla AM, Ramsay WJ, Nitschke JR. Stereochemistry in subcomponent self-assembly. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2063-73. [PMID: 24793652 DOI: 10.1021/ar5000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: As Pasteur noted more than 150 years ago, asymmetry exists in matter at all organization levels. Biopolymers such as proteins or DNA adopt one-handed conformations, as a result of the chirality of their constituent building blocks. Even at the level of elementary particles, asymmetry exists due to parity violation in the weak nuclear force. While the origin of homochirality in living systems remains obscure, as does the possibility of its connection with broken symmetries at larger or smaller length scales, its centrality to biomolecular structure is clear: the single-handed forms of bio(macro)molecules interlock in ways that depend upon their handednesses. Dynamic artificial systems, such as helical polymers and other supramolecular structures, have provided a means to study the mechanisms of transmission and amplification of stereochemical information, which are key processes to understand in the context of the origins and functions of biological homochirality. Control over stereochemical information transfer in self-assembled systems will also be crucial for the development of new applications in chiral recognition and separation, asymmetric catalysis, and molecular devices. In this Account, we explore different aspects of stereochemistry encountered during the use of subcomponent self-assembly, whereby complex structures are prepared through the simultaneous formation of dynamic coordinative (N → metal) and covalent (N═C) bonds. This technique provides a useful method to study stereochemical information transfer processes within metal-organic assemblies, which may contain different combinations of fixed (carbon) and labile (metal) stereocenters. We start by discussing how simple subcomponents with fixed stereogenic centers can be incorporated in the organic ligands of mononuclear coordination complexes and communicate stereochemical information to the metal center, resulting in diastereomeric enrichment. Enantiopure subcomponents were then incorporated in self-assembly reactions to control the stereochemistry of increasingly complex architectures. This strategy has also allowed exploration of the degree to which stereochemical information is propagated through tetrahedral frameworks cooperatively, leading to the observation of stereochemical coupling across more than 2 nm between metal stereocenters and the enantioselective synthesis of a face-capped tetrahedron containing no carbon stereocenters via a stereochemical memory effect. Several studies on the communication of stereochemistry between the configurationally flexible metal centers in tetrahedral metal-organic cages have shed light on the factors governing this process, allowing the synthesis of an asymmetric cage, obtained in racemic form, in which all symmetry elements have been broken. Finally, we discuss how stereochemical diversity leads to structural complexity in the structures prepared through subcomponent self-assembly. Initial use of octahedral metal templates with facial stereochemistry in subcomponent self-assembly, which predictably gave rise to structures of tetrahedral symmetry, was extended to meridional metal centers. These lower-symmetry linkages have allowed the assembly of a series of increasingly intricate 3D architectures of varying functionality. The knowledge gained from investigating different aspects of the stereochemistry of metal-templated assemblies thus not only leads to new means of structural control but also opens pathways toward functions such as stereoselective guest binding and transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Castilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - William J. Ramsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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10
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Shen XY, Zhang L, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Construction of iridium and rhodium cyclometalated macrocycles based on p-carborane and N,N′-donor bridging ligands. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17200-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02495h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Construction of shape controllable macrocycles with stacking channels from p-carborane and pyridine-imine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yu Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
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11
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Huang TH, Zhang MH. Syntheses, Structures, Characterisation, and Spectroscopic Properties of CuI and AgI Complexes with Extended C–H···π and π···π Interactions. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the ligands N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzene-1,4-diamine (pmb) and N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (pmbb), the three compounds [Cu2(pmb) (PPh3)2(Cl)2] (1), [Cu2(pmbb)(CH3CN)2(PPh3)2](BF4)2·2DMF (2), and [Ag2(pmbb)(PPh3)2] (ClO4)2 (3) have been synthesised and characterised. Structural analysis reveals that all of these complexes contain 1D supramolecular arrays, with different variations in π-stacking patterns and intermolecular C–H···π interactions. Crystal structures of 1 and 2 contain 1D tape-like arrays formed by C–H···π and π···π interactions, and an ordered-layer-lattice of DMF and BF4– in 2 is located between the one-dimensional array. For 3, π-stacking interactions lead to the construction of 1D supramolecular arrays and a 2D network. The results indicate that C–H···π and π···π interactions play an important role in the construction of the supramolecular structure. In addition, the absorption peaks of complexes 1 and 3 in the solid state at room temperature show intraligand charge transfer and metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorptions. The optical and fluorescent properties of 2 were also studied in acetonitrile solution at room temperature.
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12
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Ronson TK, Zarra S, Black SP, Nitschke JR. Metal-organic container molecules through subcomponent self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2476-90. [PMID: 23289097 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A variety of different three-dimensional metal-organic container molecules have recently been prepared using subcomponent self-assembly, which relies upon metal template effects to generate complex structures from simple molecular precursors and metal salts. Many of these structures have well defined internal pockets, allowing guest species to be bound and the chemical reactivity of these guests to be modified. Such host molecules have potential applications ranging from the protection of sensitive chemical species to the separation and purification of substrates as diverse as gases, gold compounds, and fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya K Ronson
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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13
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Young MC, Johnson AM, Gamboa AS, Hooley RJ. Achiral endohedral functionality provides stereochemical control in Fe(II)-based self-assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1627-9. [PMID: 23337949 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent Fe(II)-iminopyridine-based self-assemblies have been synthesized with variably sized internal functionality. Larger internal functions provide increased strain to the complex and confer diastereocontrol upon the assembly process. Complete diastereocontrol is possible upon the introduction of large achiral groups on the cavity interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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14
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Riddell IA, Hristova YR, Clegg JK, Wood CS, Breiner B, Nitschke JR. Five Discrete Multinuclear Metal-Organic Assemblies from One Ligand: Deciphering the Effects of Different Templates. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2723-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ja311285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imogen A. Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Yana R. Hristova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Christopher S. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Boris Breiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Johnson AM, Young MC, Hooley RJ. Reversible multicomponent self-assembly mediated by bismuth ions. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:8394-401. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50578b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Xu ZB, Qu J. Hot Water-Promoted SN1 Solvolysis Reactions of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols. Chemistry 2012; 19:314-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Krause MR, Kubik S. Toward Engineering Intra-Receptor Interactions into Bis(crown ethers). Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic receptor was designed in which cooperative binding of two crown ether moieties to an alkali metal ion simultaneously causes two hydrophobic substituents not involved in direct host-guest interactions to converge. Hydrophobic interactions between these substituents can be expected to contribute to the overall complex stability. Independent binding studies involving two diastereoisomers of this bis(crown ether), one in which intra-receptor interactions between the substituents are potentially possible and one in which they are not, using isothermal titration calorimetry showed that both isomers bind potassium ions in different solvent mixtures with the same overall affinity. Profound differences were observed for each isomer, however, in the enthalpies and entropies of binding, which are consistent with intra-receptor interactions in one compound. These interactions are counteracted by enthalpy-entropy compensation so that no overall improvement in cation affinity could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Krause
- Fachbereich Chemie-Organische Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubik
- Fachbereich Chemie-Organische Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Meng W, Clegg JK, Nitschke JR. Transformative Binding and Release of Gold Guests from a Self-Assembled Cu8L4 Tube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:1881-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Meng W, Clegg JK, Nitschke JR. Transformative Binding and Release of Gold Guests from a Self-Assembled Cu8L4 Tube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Patroniak V, Markiewicz PL, Hoffmann M. Quantum chemical studies on chameleonic ligand and its grid-type copper(I) and zinc(II) complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Rether C, Sicking W, Boese R, Schmuck C. Self-association of an indole based guanidinium-carboxylate-zwitterion: formation of stable dimers in solution and the solid state. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:3. [PMID: 20485586 PMCID: PMC2871688 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The indole based zwitterion 2 forms stable dimers held together by H-bond assisted ion pairs. Dimerisation was confirmed in the solid state and studied in solution using dilution NMR experiments. Even though zwitterion 2 forms very stable dimers even in DMSO, their stability is lower than of an analogous pyrrole based zwitterion 1. As revealed by the X-ray crystal structure the two binding sites in 2 cannot be planar due to steric interactions between the guanidinium group and a neighbouring aromatic CH. Hence the guanidinium moiety is twisted out of planarity from the rest of the molecule forcing the two monomers in dimer 2·2 to interact in a non-ideal orientation. Furthermore, the acidity of the NHs is lower than in 1 (as determined by UV-pH-titration) also leading to less efficient binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Rether
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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22
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Gasser G, Carr JD, Coles SJ, Green SJ, Hursthouse MB, Cafferkey SM, Stoeckli-Evans H, Tucker JH. Synthesis and complexation properties of novel triazoyl-based ferrocenyl ligands. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Marjani K, Asgarian J, Mousavi M, Amani V. Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Characterization of Zinc(II) and Mercury(II) Complexes ofN-(Pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzene-1,4-diamine. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200801312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Campbell V, de Hatten X, Delsuc N, Kauffmann B, Huc I, Nitschke J. Interplay of Interactions Governing the Dynamic Conversions of Acyclic and Macrocyclic Helicates. Chemistry 2009; 15:6138-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Shiotsuka M, Koumura H, Suwaki Y, Asai M, Tatemitsu H, Ozawa T, Masuda H. Synthesis and characterization of dinuclear late transition-metal (copper(I), silver(I), rhenium(I)) complexes with a bis-pyridylimine ligand linked by S–S bonding. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-009-9202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Roy S, Sieger M, Singh P, Niemeyer M, Fiedler J, Duboc C, Kaim W. A radical-bridged bis(ferrocenylcopper(I)) complex: Structural identity, multifrequency EPR, and spectroelectrochemistry. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meyer CD, Joiner CS, Stoddart JF. Template-directed synthesis employing reversible imine bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 36:1705-23. [PMID: 18213980 DOI: 10.1039/b513441m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The imine bond--formed by the reversible condensation of an amine and an aldehyde--and its applications as a dynamic covalent bond in the template-directed synthesis of molecular compounds, will be the focus of this tutorial review. Template-directed synthesis--or expressed another way, supramolecular assistance to covalent synthesis--relies on the use of reversible noncovalent bonding interactions between molecular building blocks in order to preorganise them into a certain relative geometry as a prelude to covalent bond formation to afford the thermodynamically preferred product. The use of this so-called dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) in templated reactions allows for an additional amount of reversibility, further eliminating potential kinetic products by allowing the covalent bonds that are formed during the template-directed reaction to be 'proofread for errors', thus making it possible for the reaction to search out its thermodynamic minimum. The marriage of template-directed synthesis with DCC has allowed chemists to construct an increasingly complex collection of compounds from relatively simple precursors. This new paradigm in organic synthesis requires that each individual piece in the molecular self-assembly process is preprogrammed so that the multiple recognition events expressed between the pieces are optimised in a highly cooperative manner in the desired product. It offers an extremely simple way of making complex mechanically interlocked compounds--e.g., catenanes, rotaxanes, suitanes, Borromean rings and Solomon knots--from relatively simple precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari D Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Palladium(II) complexes of N-[(2-pyridyl)methyliden]-α(or β)-aminonaphthalene: Single crystal X-ray structure of di-chloro-N-[{(2-pyridyl)methyliden}-β-aminonaphthalene]palladium(II), Pd(β-NaiPy)Cl2, spectra and DFT, TD-DFT study. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schultz D, Nitschke JR. Choices of iron and copper: cooperative selection during self-assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:2453-6. [PMID: 16526088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Schultz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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Klingele J, Boas JF, Pilbrow JR, Moubaraki B, Murray KS, Berry KJ, Hunter KA, Jameson GB, Boyd PDW, Brooker S. A [2 × 2] nickel(ii) grid and a copper(ii) square result from differing binding modes of a pyrazine-based diamide ligand. Dalton Trans 2007:633-45. [PMID: 17268596 DOI: 10.1039/b614796h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potentially bis-terdentate diamide ligand N,N'-bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide (H(2)L(Et)) was structurally characterised. Potentiometric titrations revealed rather low pK(a) values for the deprotonation of the first amide group of H(2)L(Et) (14.2) and N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide (H(2)L(Me), 13.1). Two tetranuclear copper(ii) square complexes of H(2)L(Et) with a paddle-wheel appearance, in which each ligand strand acts as a linear N(3)-NO hybrid terdentate-bidentate chelate, have been isolated and structurally characterised. Complex [Cu(II)(4)(H(2)L(Et))(2)(HL(Et))(2)](BF(4))(6).3MeCN.0.5H(2)O (.3MeCN.0.5H(2)O), with two nondeprotonated zwitterionic ligand strands and two monodeprotonated ligand strands, is formed in the 1 : 1 reaction of H(2)L(Et) and Cu(BF(4))(2).4H(2)O. It has a polymeric chain structure of tetranuclear subunits connected by N-H[dot dot dot]N hydrogen bonds. The same reaction carried out with one equivalent of base gives the related compound [Cu(II)(4)(HL(Et))(4)](BF(4))(4) (), with all four ligand strands monodeprotonated. It consists of isolated tetranuclear units. In both .3MeCN.0.5 H(2)O and the copper(ii) ions are in five-coordinate N(4)O environments but the degree of trigonality (tau) differs [.3MeCN.0.5H(2)O 0.14 </=tau</= 0.26; tau = 0.45]. Under the same reaction conditions as for but using Ni(BF(4))(2).6H(2)O a tetranuclear [2 x 2] grid-type complex, [Ni(II)(4)(HL(Et))(4)](BF(4)).10H(2)O (.10H(2)O), is formed. The structure determination showed that the nickel(ii) ions have N(6) distorted octahedral coordination spheres and all four ligand strands are monodeprotonated and act as N(3)-N(3) bis-terdentate chelates. Magnetic susceptibility data show that the complexes .4H(2)O, and .10H(2)O exhibit very weak antiferromagnetic spin coupling. The energies and multiplicities of the spin states of .4H(2)O and were determined from the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and indicate that a singlet state is lowest and the quintet state highest. This is consistent with the X-band EPR spectra of polycrystalline powders of .4H(2)O and , measured down to 2.3 K, where the resonances observed at the lowest temperature are due to a triplet state. The g-values of the individual ions of are consistent with the expected d(x(2)-y(2)) ground state for five-coordinate copper(ii) in an approximately square pyramidal configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Klingele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Hutin M, Bernardinelli G, Nitschke JR. Synthetic selectivity through avoidance of valence frustration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:17655-60. [PMID: 17098865 PMCID: PMC1693802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607786103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of di-copper(I) complexes has been prepared via the reaction of copper(I) tetrafluoroborate, 2,6-diformylpyridine, 8-aminoquinoline, and a series of aliphatic diamines and 4-substituted anilines. To avoid a "valence-frustrated" state, involving a mismatch between the number of ligand donor atoms and the number of metal acceptor sites, the product structures formed selectively: One of the formyl groups of the diformylpyridine reacted specifically with the aminoquinoline, whereas the other formyl group reacted with the diamine or aniline. The observed selectivity was demonstrated to be thermodynamic in nature: When two dicopper complexes that were stable yet "valence-frustrated" were mixed, an imine metathesis reaction was observed to occur spontaneously to generate a "valence-satisfied" structure. In addition to control over the constitution of the ligands, we were able to exercise control over their relative orientations within the complex. Diamines exclusively gave structures in which the ligand exhibited a head-to-head orientation along the copper-copper axis to avoid stretching. Anilines gave predominantly head-to-tail structures, with the proportion of head-to-head isomer decreasing in complexes that incorporate more electron-deficient anilines and disappearing in less polar solvents. We also demonstrated the removal of the metals and the hydrogenation of the imine bonds to generate a molecule containing nonexchanging secondary amines, suggesting potential uses of this technique in the domain of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hutin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; and
| | - Gérald Bernardinelli
- Laboratory of X-Ray Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Patroniak V, Lehn JM, Kubicki M, Ciesielski A, Wałęsa M. Chameleonic ligand in self-assembly and synthesis of polymeric manganese(II), and grid-type copper(I) and silver(I) complexes. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hutin M, Schalley CA, Bernardinelli G, Nitschke JR. Helicate, Macrocycle, or Catenate: Dynamic Topological Control over Subcomponent Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2006; 12:4069-76. [PMID: 16534827 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous reaction between equimolar amounts of 2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethanamine, 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dialdehyde and copper(I) produced a dimeric helical macrocycle in quantitative yield. This ring could also be generated by the addition of two equivalents of the diamine to an acyclic helicate containing four mono-imine residues: A transimination occurred, the chelate effect being implicated as a driving force. In the case of a helicate containing mono-imines derived from anilines, the substitution of diamine for monoamine was reversible upon lowering the pH. The aliphatic diamine was protonated at a higher pH than the arylamine, which left the arylamine free for incorporation instead of the alkyl diamine. This reaction thus opened the possibility of switching between closed macrocyclic and open helicate topologies by changing the pH. An additional closed topology became accessible through the use of a diamine that incorporates two rigid phenylene spacer groups between a flexible chain and the imine-forming nitrogen atoms. The resulting catenate consists of a pair of topologically interlinked macrocycles. The presence of the phenylene groups appeared to dictate the topology of the final product, making the formation of a single macrocycle energetically disfavoured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hutin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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Schultz D, Nitschke JR. Choices of Iron and Copper: Cooperative Selection during Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200504447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hebbe-Viton V, Desvergnes V, Jodry JJ, Dietrich-Buchecker C, Sauvage JP, Lacour J. Chiral spiro Cu(i) complexes. Supramolecular stereocontrol and isomerisation dynamics by the use of TRISPHAT anions. Dalton Trans 2006:2058-65. [PMID: 16625249 DOI: 10.1039/b515540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Association of enantiopure TRISPHAT anion (1) with chiral spiro [Cu(LL')2] complexes (LL' = 2-R-phen, 2, 6-R-bpy, 3, and 2-iminopyridine, 4) leads to an efficient NMR enantiodifferentiation. Variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy has been used to determine the isomerisation kinetics of these pseudo-tetrahedral complexes and to evaluate their configurational stability; the latter depending on the structure of the diimine ligands. In the case of the 2-anthracenyl-phen derivative, a decent level of supramolecular stereocontrol was noted (d.e. up to 45%); the configuration of the complex being determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Hebbe-Viton
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Albrecht M, Baumert M, Klankermayer J, Kogej M, Schalley CA, Fröhlich R. Dicatechol cis-dioxomolybdenum(vi): a building block for a lithium cation templated monomer–dimer equilibrium. Dalton Trans 2006:4395-400. [PMID: 16967124 DOI: 10.1039/b607295j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear helicate-type complexes form from 3-carbonyl catechol derivatives and MoO2 units. The two monomeric subunits are non-covalently bound through templating Li+ ions. The monomeric and dimeric complexes as well as a hydrolysis product have been investigated in the solid state by X-ray crystallography, in solution by NMR experiments, and in the gas phase by ESI mass spectrometry. Dimerization constants can easily be extracted from NMR experiments. A particular property of these complexes is the mutual homochiral recognition between the two halves of the dimers which only occurs between homochiral monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie der RWTH-Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Patroniak V, Stefankiewicz AR, Lehn JM, Kubicki M. Self-Assembly and Characterization of Grid-Type Copper(I), Silver(I), and Zinc(II) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schultz D, Nitschke JR. Dynamic covalent and supramolecular direction of the synthesis and reassembly of copper(I) complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11191-5. [PMID: 16061815 PMCID: PMC1183559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502830102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The technique of subcomponent self-assembly has been applied to the preparation of a set of copper(I) complexes from diamines and aldehydes in aqueous solution. These complexes may be synthesized alongside one another in solution despite the chemical non-orthogonality of their respective starting materials; thermodynamic equilibration eliminates all mixed products. The reactivity of these complexes has been studied, revealing that in certain cases, the substitution of both ligands and ligand subcomponents could be independently carried out. In one particular case, a complex was shown to be inert to ligand substitution but readily underwent ligand subcomponent substitution, creating the possibility of a previously undocumented kind of cascade reaction: Once ligand subcomponent substitution had occurred, ligand exchange could then happen, allowing both reactions to be triggered by a single chemical event.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schultz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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