1
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Joshi H, Nirpal AK, Paul D, Kelley SP, Mague JT, Sathyamoorthi S. The Development of a Sulfamate-Tethered Aza-Michael Cyclization Allows for the Preparation of (-)-Negamycin tert-Butyl Ester. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5911-5916. [PMID: 38597462 PMCID: PMC11034784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
We present the first examples of intramolecular aza-Michael cyclizations of sulfamates and sulfamides onto pendant α,β-unsaturated esters, thioesters, amides, and nitriles. Stirring the substrate with catalytic quantities of the appropriate base delivers the product in good yield and excellent diastereoselectivity. The reactions are operationally simple, can be performed open to air, and are tolerant of a variety of important functional groups. We highlight the utility of this technology by using it in the preparation of a (-)-negamycin derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Appasaheb K. Nirpal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Debobrata Paul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Joel T. Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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2
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Choi S, Dong G. Rapid and Modular Access to Multifunctionalized 1,2-Azaborines via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9512-9518. [PMID: 38551167 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
1,2-Azaborines, a unique class of BN-isosteres of benzene, have attracted great interest across several fields. While significant advancements have been made in the postfunctionalization of 1,2-azaborines, challenges still exist for the selective functionalization of the C4 position and access to 1,2-azaborines with five or six independently installed substituents. Here we report a rapid and modular method for C3 and C4 difunctionalization of 1,2-azaborines using the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis. Enabled by the C2 amide-substituted NBE, diverse 3-iodo-1,2-azaborines can be used as substrates, showing broad functional group tolerance. Besides ortho arylation, preliminary success of ortho alkylation has also been realized. In addition, a range of alkenes and nucleophiles can be employed for ipso C3 functionalization. The reaction is scalable, and various postfunctionalizations, including forming hexa-substituted 1,2-azaborines, have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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3
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Schneider F, Guo Y, Lin YC, Eberle KJ, Chiodi D, Greene JA, Lu C, Baran PS. Total Synthesis of Dynobactin A. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6444-6448. [PMID: 38427590 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the potent antimicrobial agent dynobactin A is disclosed. This synthesis enlists a singular aziridine ring opening strategy to access the two disparate β-aryl-branched amino acids present within this complex decapeptide. Featuring a number of unique maneuvers to navigate inherently sensitive and epimerizable functional groups, this convergent approach proceeds in only 16 steps (LLS) from commercial materials and should facilitate the synthesis of numerous analogues for medicinal chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yinliang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - You-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kelly J Eberle
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Johnathan A Greene
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chenxin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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4
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Peng L, Helgason E, Miranda R, Tom J, Zhang J, Dueber EC, Song A. N- tert-Butoxycarbonyl- N-(2-(tritylthio)ethoxy)glycine as a Building Block for Peptide Ubiquitination. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:245-253. [PMID: 38236171 PMCID: PMC10885006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
N-Boc-N-(2-(tritylthio)ethoxy)glycine has been developed as a building block for peptide ubiquitination, which is fully compatible with solid-phase Fmoc chemistry and common peptide modifications including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, biotinylation, and fluorescence labeling. The optimal conditions for peptide cleavage and auxiliary removal were obtained. The utility of this building block in peptide ubiquitination was demonstrated by the synthesis of seven ubiquitinated histone and Tau peptides bearing various modifications. Cys residues were well tolerated and did not require orthogonal protection. The structural integrity and folding of the synthesized ubiquitinated peptides were confirmed by enzymatic deubiquitination of a fluorescently labeled ubiquitin conjugate. The synthetic strategy using this building block provides a practical approach for the preparation of ubiquitinated peptides with diverse modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Peng
- Department
of Peptide Therapeutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Elizabeth Helgason
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rafael Miranda
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey Tom
- Department
of Peptide Therapeutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Department
of Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Erin C. Dueber
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aimin Song
- Department
of Peptide Therapeutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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5
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Hwang S, Choi M, Jeong M, Lee C. Synthesis of the C13-C27 Fragment of Madeirolide A Using Visible-Light-Promoted Radical Cyclization. Org Lett 2024; 26:1067-1072. [PMID: 38293710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The convergent synthesis of a fully elaborated C13-C27 fragment of madeirolide A has been achieved. The key features of the synthesis include the stereocontrolled construction of both the THF and THP rings via visible-light-induced iridium-catalyzed radical cyclization and the late-stage union of the two oxacyclic subunits through nickel-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungeun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulbom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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6
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Xu R, Jap E, Gubbins B, Hagemeyer CE, Karas JA. Semisynthesis of A6-A11 lactam insulin. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3542. [PMID: 37697741 PMCID: PMC10909544 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulin replacement therapy is essential for the management of diabetes. However, despite the relative success of this therapeutic strategy, there is still a need to improve glycaemic control and the overall quality of life of patients. This need has driven research into orally available, glucose-responsive and rapid-acting insulins. A key consideration during analogue development is formulation stability, which can be improved via the replacement of insulin's A6-A11 disulfide bond with stable mimetics. Unfortunately, analogues such as these require extensive chemical synthesis to incorporate the nonnative cross-links, which is not a scalable synthetic approach. To address this issue, we demonstrate proof of principle for the semisynthesis of insulin analogues bearing nonnative A6-A11 cystine isosteres. The key feature of our synthetic strategy involves the use of several biosynthetically derived peptide precursors which can be produced at scale cost-effectively and a small, chemically synthesised A6-A11 macrocyclic lactam fragment. Although the assembled A6-A11 lactam insulin possesses poor biological activity in vitro, our synthetic strategy can be applied to other disulfide mimetics that have been shown to improve thermal stability without significantly affecting activity and structure. Moreover, we envisage that this new semisynthetic approach will underpin a new generation of hyperstable proteomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Australian Centre for Blood DiseasesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3004Australia
| | - Edwina Jap
- Australian Centre for Blood DiseasesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3004Australia
| | - Ben Gubbins
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3010Australia
| | | | - John A. Karas
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3010Australia
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7
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Andler O, Kazmaier U. Matteson Homologation-Based Total Synthesis of Meliponamycin A. Org Lett 2024; 26:148-152. [PMID: 38147843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of meliponamycin A, an antimicrobial cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Streptomyces, is reported. Two key building blocks, the substituted tetrahydropyranyl side chain and an azido analogue of protected β-hydroxyleucine, were constructed via iterative Matteson homologations. A fragment coupling of a tetrapeptide, a depsidipeptide building block, macrocyclization, Staudinger reduction, and N-acylation are further steps in the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Andler
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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8
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Zhang YP, Du S, Ma Y, Zhan W, Chen W, Yang X, Zhang H. Structure-Unit-Based Total Synthesis of (-)-Sinulochmodin C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315481. [PMID: 38009457 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a structure-unit-based asymmetric total synthesis of sinulochmodin C, a norcembranoid diterpenoid bearing a transannular strained ether bridge β-keto tetrahydrofuran moiety. Our synthetic route features an intramolecular double Michael addition to construct stereospecifically the [7,6,5,5] tetracyclic skeleton, a vinylogous hydroxylation/oxidation procedure or a stereospecific epoxide opening/oxidation sequence to establish the γ-keto enone intermediate, a Lewis acid/Brønsted acid mediated transannular oxa-Michael addition to fuse the β-keto tetrahydrofuran moiety, a Mukaiyama hydration/Pd-C hydrogenation to reverse the C1-configuration of the isopropenyl unit, and a bioinspired transformation of sinulochmodin C into scabrolide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Shufei Du
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Weixin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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9
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Miller AAM, Biallas P, Shennan BDA, Dixon DJ. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Incargranine A Enabled by Bifunctional Iminophosphorane and Iridium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314308. [PMID: 37955594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-incargranine A, in nine steps. The total synthesis was enabled by an enantioselective intramolecular organocatalysed desymmetrising Michael addition of a malonamate ester to a linked dienone substrate that established pivotal stereocentres with excellent enantio- and complete diastereoselectivity. Furthermore, a key hemiaminal intermediate was accessed by developing an iridium-catalysed reductive cyclisation, and the scope of this transformation was explored to produce a range of bicyclic hemiaminal motifs. Once installed, the hemiaminal motif was used to initiate a biomimetic cascade to access the natural product directly in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Phillip Biallas
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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10
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Goda Y, Fuwa H. Total Synthesis of (-)-Enigmazole B. Org Lett 2023; 25:8402-8407. [PMID: 37796572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis of (-)-enigmazole B was achieved for the first time. Highlights of the present synthesis include an olefin cross-metathesis and hemiacetalization/intramolecular oxa-Michael addition sequence for accessing an (E)-configured enol tosylate, a Sonogashira cross-coupling to assemble all the carbon atoms of the target natural product, a remarkably chemo- and regioselective Au-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne hydroalkoxylation for the construction of the dihydropyran ring, and a Yamaguchi macrolactonization to close the 18-membered macrolactone skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Goda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Fuwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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11
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Zhu Y, Liu B, Chen Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang M, Li Y. Synthesis, evaluation and molecular dynamics study of human toll-like receptor 2/6 specific monoacyl lipopeptides as candidate immunostimulants. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106823. [PMID: 37708825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
TLR2 agonists typified by the S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-R-cysteinyl-S-serine (Pam2CS) motif have exhibited powerful immunostimulatory activities. Based on simplified monoacyl lipopeptide (Carbamate-linked N-Ac PamCS), we describe interesting SAR investigations where modifications are done to alter the size of substituents on the cysteine amine, introduce ionizable groups to the terminal and insert aromatic substitutions to the aliphatic chain. Our structural modifications have led to a highly specific human TLR2/6 agonist 14a (EC50 = 0.424 nM), which behaves like Pam2CSK4 by inducing NF-κB activation to trigger downstream signaling pathways, such as subsequent phosphorylation of related proteins (p65, p38) and production of key inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α). Importantly, the ability to stimulate enhanced T cell response compared to Carbamate-linked N-Ac PamCS makes compound 14a a further potential candidate immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zonglong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200040, China; Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, NO.6 Lane 1220 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200040, China; Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, NO.6 Lane 1220 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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12
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Moore MJ, Qin P, Yamasaki N, Zeng X, Keith DJ, Jung S, Fukazawa T, Graham-O’Regan K, Wu ZC, Chatterjee S, Boger DL. Tetrachlorovancomycin: Total Synthesis of a Designed Glycopeptide Antibiotic of Reduced Synthetic Complexity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21132-21141. [PMID: 37721995 PMCID: PMC10538376 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A technically straightforward total synthesis of a new class of vancomycin analogues of reduced synthetic complexity was developed that provided tetrachlorovancomycin (1, LLS = 15 steps, 15% overall yield) and its precursor aglycon 29 (nearly 20% overall yield). The class retains all the intricate vancomycin structural features that contribute to its target binding affinity and selectivity, maintains the antimicrobial activity of vancomycin, and achieves the simplification by an unusual addition, not removal, of benign substituents to the core structure. The modification, accomplished by addition of two aryl chloride substituents to provide 1, permitted a streamlined total synthesis of the new glycopeptide antibiotic class by removing the challenges associated with CD and DE ring system atropisomer stereochemical control. This also enabled their simultaneous and further-activated SNAr macrocyclizations that establish the tricyclic skeleton of 1. Key elements of the approach include catalyst-controlled diastereoselective formation of the AB biaryl axis of chirality (>30:1 dr), an essentially instantaneous macrolactamization of the AB ring system free of competitive epimerization (>30:1 dr), racemization free coupling of the E ring tetrapeptide, room temperature simultaneous CD and DE ring system cyclizations, a highly refined 4-step conversion of the cyclization product to the aglycon, and a protecting-group-free one-pot enzymatic glycosylation for disaccharide introduction. In addition to the antimicrobial evaluation of tetrachlorovancomycin (1), the preparation of key peripherally modified derivatives, which introduce independent and synergistic mechanisms of action, revealed their exceptional antimicrobial potency and provide the foundation for future use of this new class of synthetic glycopeptide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pengjin Qin
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Naoto Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xianhuang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - D. Jamin Keith
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sunna Jung
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Takumi Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katherine Graham-O’Regan
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhi-Chen Wu
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shreyosree Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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13
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Abstract
The ability to site-selectively modify equivalent functional groups in a molecule has the potential to streamline syntheses and increase product yields by lowering step counts. Enzymes catalyze site-selective transformations throughout primary and secondary metabolism, but leveraging this capability for non-native substrates and reactions requires a detailed understanding of the potential and limitations of enzyme catalysis and how these bounds can be extended by protein engineering. In this review, we discuss representative examples of site-selective enzyme catalysis involving functional group manipulation and C-H bond functionalization. We include illustrative examples of native catalysis, but our focus is on cases involving non-native substrates and reactions often using engineered enzymes. We then discuss the use of these enzymes for chemoenzymatic transformations and target-oriented synthesis and conclude with a survey of tools and techniques that could expand the scope of non-native site-selective enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Harrison M Snodgrass
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christian A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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14
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Ding J, Smith AB. Total Synthesis of the Reported Structure of Neaumycin B. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18240-18246. [PMID: 37561549 PMCID: PMC10848393 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective total synthesis of structure 1 assigned to the macrolide natural product neaumycin B is reported in a 2.3% overall yield on 90 mg scale. The synthesis features a gram-scale nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling/spiroketalization tactic to construct the spiroketal core of neaumycin B. The stereostructures of the C3-C6, C8-C14, and C20-C41 segments of synthetic neaumycin B were unambiguously verified by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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15
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Nakahara H, Sennari G, Noguchi Y, Hirose T, Sunazuka T. Development of a nitrogen-bound hydrophobic auxiliary: application to solid/hydrophobic-tag relay synthesis of calpinactam. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6882-6889. [PMID: 37389244 PMCID: PMC10306108 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, technologies and strategies for peptide synthesis have advanced rapidly. Although solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS) have contributed significantly to the development of the field, there have been remaining challenges for C-terminal modifications of peptide compounds in SPPS and LPPS. Orthogonal to the current standard approach that relies on installation of a carrier molecule at the C-terminus of amino acids, we developed a new hydrophobic-tag carbonate reagent which facilitated robust preparation of nitrogen-tag-supported peptide compounds. This auxiliary was easily installed on a variety of amino acids including oligopeptides that have a broad range of noncanonical residues, allowing simple purification of the products by crystallization and filtration. We demonstrated a de novo solid/hydrophobic-tag relay synthesis (STRS) strategy using the nitrogen-bound auxiliary for total synthesis of calpinactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakahara
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Goh Sennari
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
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16
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Kuroiwa H, Suzuki S, Irie K, Tsukano C. Total Synthesis and Structure Revision of (+)-Lancilactone C. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37326375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lancilactone C is a tricyclic triterpenoid that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in H9 lymphocytes with no cytotoxicity. Its tricyclic skeleton comprises trans-dimethylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane and 7-isopropylenecyclohepta-1,3,5-triene. The latter unique structure, in which all carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized, is not found in other triterpenoids and needs to be verified synthetically. Herein, we have accomplished the first total synthesis of lancilactone C (proposed structure) by developing a new domino [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction involving oxidation, Diels-Alder reaction, elimination, and electrocyclization. We have also revised the structure based on the total synthesis of lancilactone C according to its plausible biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Kuroiwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Soichiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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17
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Théroux L, Van Den Hauwe R, Trân K, Fournier J, Desgagné M, Meneboo N, Lavallée A, Fröhlich U, Côté J, Hollanders C, Longpré JM, Murza A, Marsault E, Sarret P, Boudreault PL, Ballet S. Signaling Modulation via Minimal C-Terminal Modifications of Apelin-13. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:290-305. [PMID: 36798478 PMCID: PMC9926529 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide that is involved in many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cancer, which has made it an attractive target for drug discovery. Herein, we explore the penultimate and final sequence positions of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 (Ape13) via C-terminal N α-alkylated amide bonds and the introduction of positive charges, potentially targeting the allosteric sodium pocket, by assessing the binding affinity and signaling profiles at the apelin receptor (APJ). Synthetic analogues modified within this segment of Ape13 showed high affinity (K i 0.12-0.17 nM vs Ape13 K i 0.7 nM), potent Gαi1 activation (EC50 Gαi1 0.4-0.9 nM vs Ape13 EC50 1.1 nM), partial agonist behavior disfavoring β-arrestin 2 recruitment for positively charged ligands (e.g., 49 (SBL-AP-058), EC50 β-arr2 275 nM, E max 54%) and high plasma stability for N-alkyl ligands (t 1/2 > 7 h vs Ape13 t 1/2 0.5 h). Combining the benefits of the N α-alkylated amide bond with the guanidino substitution in a constrained ligand led to 63 (SBL-AP-049), which displayed increased plasma stability (t 1/2 5.3 h) and strong reduction of β-arrestin 2 signaling with partial maximal efficacy (EC50 β-arr 864 nM, E max 48%), significantly reducing the hypotensive effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Théroux
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Robin Van Den Hauwe
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kien Trân
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Justin Fournier
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michael Desgagné
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nathan Meneboo
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexis Lavallée
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ulrike Fröhlich
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Charlie Hollanders
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Murza
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Kuranaga T. Total syntheses of surugamides and thioamycolamides toward understanding their biosynthesis. J Nat Med 2023; 77:1-11. [PMID: 36348140 PMCID: PMC9810689 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peptidic natural products have received much attention as potential drug leads, and biosynthetic studies of peptidic natural products have contributed to the field of natural product chemistry over the past several decades. However, the key biosynthetic intermediates are generally not isolated from natural sources, and this can hamper a detailed analysis of biosynthesis. Furthermore, reported unusual structures, which are targets for biosynthetic studies, are sometimes the results of structural misassignments. Chemical synthesis techniques are imperative in solving these problems. This review focuses on the chemical syntheses of surugamides and thioamycolamides toward understanding their biosynthesis. These studies can provide the key biosynthetic intermediates that can reveal the biosynthetic pathways and/or true structures of these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kuranaga
- Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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19
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Buijs N, Vlaming HC, van Haren MJ, Martin NI. Synthetic Studies with Bacitracin A and Preparation of Analogues Containing Alternative Zinc Binding Groups. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200547. [PMID: 36287040 PMCID: PMC10099996 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing threat of drug-resistant bacteria is a global concern, highlighting the urgent need for new antibiotics and antibacterial strategies. In this light, practical synthetic access to natural product antibiotics can provide important structure-activity insights while also opening avenues for the development of novel analogues with improved properties. To this end, we report an optimised synthetic route for the preparation of the clinically used macrocyclic peptide antibiotic bacitracin. Our combined solid- and solution-phase approach addresses the problematic, and previously unreported, formation of undesired epimers associated with the stereochemically fragile N-terminal thiazoline moiety. A number of bacitracin analogues were also prepared wherein the thiazoline motif was replaced by other known zinc-binding moieties and their antibacterial activities evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ned Buijs
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Halana C Vlaming
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J van Haren
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Wender PA, Luu-Nguyen QH, Sloane JL, Ranjan A. Trimethylene Methane Dianion Equivalent for the Asymmetric Consecutive Allylation of Aldehydes: Applications to Prins-Driven Macrocyclizations for the Synthesis of Bryostatin 1 and Analogues. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15925-15937. [PMID: 36378802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a one-step (one-flask) generation and reaction of a bifunctional allylating reagent, a trimethylene methane dianion equivalent, that provides a route for the asymmetric 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl) allylation of aldehydes. The product of the first aldehyde allylation process is then set to engage in a second separate aldehyde allylation, providing an improved Prins macrocyclization strategy both for the scalable synthesis of bryostatin 1 and for the total synthesis of a new potent bryostatin analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Quang H Luu-Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jack L Sloane
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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21
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Hooper AR, Oštrek A, Milian‐Lopez A, Sarlah D. Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Pyritide A2 through Pyridine Ring Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212299. [PMID: 36123301 PMCID: PMC9827874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyritides belong to the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide class of natural products that were recently genome-predicted and are structurally defined by unique pyridine-containing macrocycles. Inspired by their biosynthesis, proceeding through peptide modification and cycloaddition to form the heterocyclic core, we report the chemical synthesis of pyritide A2 involving pyridine ring synthesis from an amino acid precursor through aza-Diels-Alder reaction. This strategy permitted the preparation of the decorated pyridine core with an appended amino acid residue in two steps from a commercially available arginine derivative and secured pyritide A2 in ten steps. Moreover, the synthetic logic enables efficient preparation of different pyridine subunits associated with pyritides, allowing rapid and convergent access to this new class of natural products and analogues thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R. Hooper
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA
| | - Andraž Oštrek
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA,Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
| | - Ana Milian‐Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA
| | - David Sarlah
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA,Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
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22
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Abstract
Matteson homologations of chiral boronic esters proved to be an excellent tool for the synthesis of highly functionalized amino and hydroxy acid residues. This method provides straightforward stereoselective access to the side chain of callipeltin A, a natural marine product with interesting biological activities. Furthermore, this protocol should allow for variations in the substitution pattern in future SAR studies, simply by choosing suitable nucleophiles during the homologation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Horn
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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23
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García-Domínguez P, Lorenzo P, Álvarez R, de Lera AR. Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of (-)-Novofumigatamide, Isomers Thereof, and Analogues. Part I. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12510-12527. [PMID: 36137268 PMCID: PMC9552234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The total synthesis of the suggested structure of (−)-novofumigatamide,
a natural product containing a C3-reverse prenylated N-acetyl-exo-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole motif fused to a 10-membered ring lactam, was achieved using
the macrolactam formation in advance of a diastereoselective bromocyclization
and reverse prenylation steps. Since the NMR data of the synthetic
sample did not match those of the natural product, the endo-bromo precursor of a N-Boc analogue and additional
diastereomers derived from l-Trp were also synthesized. Five
alternative synthetic routes, which differed in the order of final
key steps used for the construction of the 10-membered ring lactam
and the hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole framework within
the polycyclic skeleton and also in the amide bond selected for the
ring-closing of the macrolactam, were thoroughly explored. Much to
our dismay, the lack of spectroscopic correlations between the proposed
structure of natural (−)-novofumigatamide and the synthetic
products suggested a different connectivity between the atoms. Additional
synthetic efforts to assemble alternative structures of the natural
product and isomers thereof (see accompanying paper; DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01228) further highlighted the frustrating endeavors toward the identification
of a natural product.
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24
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García-Domínguez P, de Lera AR. Puzzling Out the Structure of Novofumigatamide: Total Synthesis of Constitutional Isomers. Part II. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12528-12546. [PMID: 36129245 PMCID: PMC9552235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The total synthesis
of several constitutional isomers
showing a
different connectivity of the macrolactam ring with the hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole core, as well as those arising from the positional
exchange of the valine and the anthranilate units of the structure
originally proposed for (−)-novofumigatamide, has been carried
out. The constitutional isomers with 12-membered ring macrolactam
connected with the pyrroloindoline framework through the indole nitrogen,
and the acetyl group at the pyrrole nitrogen, of endo relative configuration, were prepared through the condensation between
the tryptophan and valine edges derived from l- or d-tryptophan and l-valine amino acids. The corresponding exo products are highly unstable structures difficult to
isolate and characterize. A second group of isomeric structures synthesized
considered the positional exchange between the valine and the anthranilate
residues within the macrolactam ring in the originally proposed macrocyclic
structure. Comparison of the spectroscopic data allowed us to discard
these alternative structures for the natural product.
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25
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Lin YC, Schneider F, Eberle KJ, Chiodi D, Nakamura H, Reisberg SH, Chen J, Saito M, Baran PS. Atroposelective Total Synthesis of Darobactin A. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14458-14462. [PMID: 35926121 PMCID: PMC9829381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A concise, modular synthesis of the novel antibiotic darobactin A is disclosed. The synthesis successfully forges the hallmark strained macrocyclic ring systems in a sequential fashion. Key transformations include two atroposelective Larock-based macrocyclizations, one of which proceeds with exquisite regioselectivity despite bearing an unprotected alkyne. The synthesis is designed with medicinal chemistry considerations in mind, appending key portions of the molecule at a late stage. Requisite unnatural amino acid building blocks are easily prepared in an enantiopure form using C-H activation and decarboxylative cross-coupling tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Fabian Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kelly J Eberle
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hugh Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Solomon H Reisberg
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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26
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Nesic M, Ryffel DB, Maturano J, Shevlin M, Pollack SR, Gauthier DR, Trigo-Mouriño P, Zhang LK, Schultz DM, McCabe Dunn JM, Campeau LC, Patel NR, Petrone DA, Sarlah D. Total Synthesis of Darobactin A. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14026-14030. [PMID: 35900216 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The collaborative total synthesis of darobactin A, a recently isolated antibiotic that selectively targets Gram-negative bacteria, has been accomplished in a convergent fashion with a longest linear sequence of 16 steps from d-Garner's aldehyde and l-serine. Scalable routes toward three non-canonical amino acids were developed to enable the synthesis. The closure of the bismacrocycle was realized through sequential, halogen-selective Larock indole syntheses, where the proper order of cyclizations proved crucial for the formation of the desired atropisomer of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Nesic
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David B Ryffel
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan Maturano
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael Shevlin
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Scott R Pollack
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Donald R Gauthier
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Pablo Trigo-Mouriño
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Li-Kang Zhang
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Danielle M Schultz
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jamie M McCabe Dunn
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Niki R Patel
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David A Petrone
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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27
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Cox JB, Kellum AA, Zhang Y, Li B, Smith AB. Total Synthesis of (-)-Bastimolide A: A Showcase for Type I Anion Relay Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204884. [PMID: 35608327 PMCID: PMC9256807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A highly convergent total synthesis of (-)-bastimolide A (1), a polyhydroxy antimalarial macrolide, has been achieved via a longest linear sequence of twenty steps from commercially available glycidyl ethers. Type I Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC) coupling tactics enable rapid construction of the molecule's 1,5-polylol backbone. A late-stage B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura union and an Evans-modified Mukaiyama macrolactonization generate the forty-membered Z-α,β-unsaturated macrocyclic lactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex A Kellum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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28
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Cox JB, Kellum AA, Zhang Y, Li B, Smith AB. Total Synthesis of (−)‐Bastimolide A: A Showcase for Type I Anion Relay Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Cox
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Alex A. Kellum
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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29
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Binette R, Desgagné M, Theaud C, Boudreault PL. Efficient Fmoc-Protected Amino Ester Hydrolysis Using Green Calcium(II) Iodide as a Protective Agent. Molecules 2022; 27:2788. [PMID: 35566143 PMCID: PMC9103075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to modify amino acids, the C-terminus carboxylic acid usually needs to be protected, typically as a methyl ester. However, standard cleavage of methyl esters requires either highly basic or acidic conditions, which are not compatible with Fmoc or acid-labile protecting groups. This highlights the need for orthogonal conditions that permit selective deprotection of esters to create SPPS-ready amino acids. Herein, mild orthogonal ester hydrolysis conditions are systematically explored using calcium(II) iodide as a protective agent for the Fmoc protecting group and optimized for a broad scope of amino esters. Our optimized reaction improved on the already known trimethyltin hydroxide, as it produced better yields with greener, inexpensive chemicals and a less extensive energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (R.B.); (M.D.); (C.T.)
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30
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Wayama T, Arai Y, Oguri H. Regiocontrolled Dimerization of Densely Functionalized 1,6-Dihydropyridines for the Biomimetic Synthesis of a Halicyclamine-type Scaffold by Preventing Disproportionation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5938-5951. [PMID: 35420034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biomimetic dimerization of 1,6-dihydropyridines (DHPs) remains a daunting challenge due to competitive disproportionation pathways. Herein we report the regioselective dimerization of densely functionalized 1,6-DHPs that allow direct access to the bis-nitrogen bicyclic scaffold of halicyclamines. Disproportionation triggered by the hydride shift of 1,6-DHP was suppressed by the use of geminal disubstituted substrates. Installation of an electron-withdrawing substituent at the C3 position was demonstrated to be crucial for facilitating biomimetic dimerization under metal-free conditions, with exquisite control of regioselectivity at ambient temperature. Our approach, featuring an appropriately functionalized and substantially stabilized substrate rather than merely adopting the highly reactive and labile hypothetical biosynthetic intermediate, allowed gram-scale and atom-economical synthesis of the bis-nitrogen bicyclic scaffold. Furthermore, conversion of a series of 1,6-DHPs provided mechanistic insights by circumventing the competitive disproportionation reaction. This revealed not only the innate reactivity of the conjugate diene system for [4 + 2] cycloaddition but also the reversibility of the dimerization reaction with multiple cationic intermediates in equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Wayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuta Arai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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31
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Klahn P, Zscherp R, Jimidar CC. Advances in the Synthesis of Enterobactin, Artificial Analogues, and Enterobactin-Derived Antimicrobial Drug Conjugates and Imaging Tools for Infection Diagnosis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1783-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIron is an essential growth factor for bacteria, but although highly abundant in nature, its bioavailability during infection in the human host or the environment is limited. Therefore, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores to ensure their supply of iron. The triscatecholate siderophore enterobactin and its glycosylated derivatives, the salmochelins, play a crucial role for iron acquisition in several bacteria. As these compounds can serve as carrier molecules for the design of antimicrobial siderophore drug conjugates as well as siderophore-derived tool compounds for the detection of infections with bacteria, their synthesis and the design of artificial analogues is of interest. In this review, we give an overview on the synthesis of enterobactin, biomimetic as well as totally artificial analogues, and related drug-conjugates covering up to 12/2021.1 Introduction2 Antibiotic Crisis and Sideromycins as Natural Templates for New Antimicrobial Drugs3 Biosynthesis of Enterobactin, Salmochelins, and Microcins4 Total Synthesis of Enterobactin and Salmochelins5 Chemoenzymatic Semi-synthesis of Salmochelins and Microcin E492m Derivatives6 Synthesis of Biomimetic Enterobactin Derivatives with Natural Tris-lactone Backbone7 Synthesis of Artificial Enterobactin Derivatives without Tris-lactone Backbone8 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg
| | - Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
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Sato D, Denda M, Tsunematsu H, Tanaka N, Konishi I, Komiya C, Shigenaga A, Otaka A. Late-stage macrolactonisation enabled by tandem acyl transfers followed by desulphurisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2918-2921. [PMID: 35138311 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07248j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular S-acylation of a thiol-installed threonine with a thioester unit, followed by S-O acyl transfer and subsequent desulphurisation, allows the synthesis of lactone peptides. A protocol has been developed enabling the cyclisation of a linear peptide, a reaction which has not been achieved by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sato
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Honoka Tsunematsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Naonobu Tanaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Isamu Konishi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Komiya
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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33
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Salituro LJ, Pazienza JE, Rychnovsky SD. Total Syntheses of Strasseriolide A and B, Antimalarial Macrolide Natural Products. Org Lett 2022; 24:1190-1194. [PMID: 35094508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the first total syntheses of strasseriolide A and B. Strasseriolide B shows potent activity against the wild-type malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and good activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain. A convergent strategy was envisioned with an aldehyde-acid fragment and a vinyl iodide-alcohol fragment. Both fragments were prepared using chiral pool starting materials. They were combined with a Yamaguchi esterification and cyclized with a Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Strasseriolide B was assembled in a 16-step LLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Salituro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jessica E Pazienza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Scott D Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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34
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Koteva K, Sychantha D, Rotondo CM, Hobson C, Britten JF, Wright GD. Three-Dimensional Structure and Optimization of the Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Aspergillomarasmine A. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4170-4184. [PMID: 35155911 PMCID: PMC8829947 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aminopolycarboxylic acid aspergillomarasmine A (AMA) is a natural Zn2+ metallophore and inhibitor of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) which reverses β-lactam resistance. The first crystal structure of an AMA coordination complex is reported and reveals a pentadentate ligand with distorted octahedral geometry. We report the solid-phase synthesis of 23 novel analogs of AMA involving structural diversification of each subunit (l-Asp, l-APA1, and l-APA2). Inhibitory activity was evaluated in vitro using five strains of Escherichia coli producing globally prevalent MBLs. Further in vitro assessment was performed with purified recombinant enzymes and intracellular accumulation studies. Highly constrained structure-activity relationships were demonstrated, but three analogs revealed favorable characteristics where either Zn2+ affinity or the binding mode to MBLs were improved. This study identifies compounds that can further be developed to produce more potent and broader-spectrum MBL inhibitors with improved pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalinka Koteva
- David
Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for
Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - David Sychantha
- David
Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for
Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Caitlyn M. Rotondo
- David
Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for
Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Christian Hobson
- David
Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for
Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Willow
Biosciences, 2250 Boundary
Rd, Burnaby, BC V5M 3Z3, Canada
| | - James F. Britten
- McMaster
Analytical X-ray Diffraction Facility (MAX), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Gerard D. Wright
- David
Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for
Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
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35
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Masuda R, Goto K. Modeling of selenocysteine-derived reactive intermediates utilizing a nano-sized molecular cavity as a protective cradle. Methods Enzymol 2022; 662:331-361. [PMID: 35101217 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the biological functions of selenoproteins, various highly reactive species formed by oxidative modification of selenocysteine residues have been postulated to play crucial roles. Representative examples of such species are selenocysteine selenenic acids (Sec-SeOHs) and selenocysteine selenenyl iodides (Sec-SeIs), which have been widely recognized as important intermediates in the catalytic cycle of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and iodothyronine deiodinase, respectively. However, examples of even spectroscopic observation of Sec-SeOHs and Sec-SeIs in either protein or small-molecule model systems remain elusive so far, most likely due to their notorious instability. For the synthesis of small-molecule model compounds of these reactive species, it is essential to suppress their very facile bimolecular decomposition such as self-condensation and disproportionation. Here we outline a novel method for the synthesis of stable small-molecule model compounds of the selenocysteine-derived reactive species, in which a nano-sized molecular cavity is used as a protective cradle to accommodate the reactive selenocysteine unit. Stabilization by the molecular cradle led to the successful synthesis of Sec-SeOHs, which are stable in solution at low temperatures, and a Sec-SeI, which can be isolated as crystals. The catalytic cycle of GPx was investigated using the NMR-observable Sec-SeOH models, and all the chemical processes proposed for the catalytic cycle of GPx, including the bypass process from Sec-SeOH to the corresponding cyclic selenenyl amide, were experimentally confirmed. Detailed protocols for the syntheses of selenopeptide derivatives bearing the molecular cradle and for the spectroscopic monitoring of their reactions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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36
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Abstract
Macrolactonisation of a suitable heptapeptide precursor provides the cyclic depsipeptide core of callipeltin A in excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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37
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Peregrina JM, Oroz P, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Corzana F, Zurbano MM. Strategies for the Synthesis of Selenocysteine Derivatives. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1588-9763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstractβ-Seleno-α-amino acids, known as selenocysteine (Sec) derivatives, have emerged as important targets because of their role in chemical biology, not only as part of selenoproteins with important redox properties, but also because of their activity as antivirals or metabolites effective in inhibiting carcinogenesis. In addition, there is demand for this type of compounds due to their use in native chemical ligation to construct large peptides. Therefore, this review summarizes the various synthetic methods that have been published to construct Sec derivatives. Most of them involve the generation of the C–Se bond by nucleophilic substitution reactions, but other reactions such as radical or multicomponent strategies are also reported. Of particular importance is the Se-Michael addition of Se-nucleophiles to chiral bicyclic dehydroalanines, in which the stereogenic center is generated under complete stereocontrol.1 Introduction2 Previously Reviewed Synthesis of Sec3 Retrosynthesis of Sec Derivatives4 Sec Derivatives by Nucleophilic Substitutions5 Sec Derivatives by Radical Processes6 Sec Derivatives by 1,4-Conjugate Additions7 Conclusion
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38
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Iqbal N, Zahoor AF, Rasool N, Khan SG, Akhtar R, Ahmad R. Synthetic Approaches Towards the Total synthesis of tubulysin and its fragments: A review. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:COS-EPUB-119628. [PMID: 34951368 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666211222163417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulysins, linear tetrapeptides show extraordinary cytotoxicity against various cancer cells, with IC50 values in nano or picomolar range. Due to their extremely vigorous anti-proliferative and antiangiogenic characteristics, tubulysins exhibit captivating prospects in the development of anticancer drugs. This review focuses on diverse routes for the total synthesis of natural and synthetic tubulysins as well as their fragments. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to present the synthetic strategies for the development of antitumor agents, tubulysins. CONCLUSION A range of synthetic pathways adopted for the total synthesis of tubulysins and their fragments have been described in this review. Synthesis of fragments, Tuv, Tup, and Tut can be accomplished by adopting appropriate strategies such as Manganese-mediated synthesis, Ireland-Claisen rearrangement, Mukaiyama aldol reaction, and Mannich process etc. Tubulysin B, D, U, V, and N14-desacetoxytubulysin H have been prepared through Mitsunobu reaction, tert-butanesulfinamide method, Tandem reaction, aza-Barbier reaction, Evans aldol reaction, and C-H activation strategies etc. The remarkable anticancer potential of tubulysins toward a substantiate target make them prominent leads for developing novel drugs against multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Raheel Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
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Wang Y, Nagai T, Watanabe I, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of Euonymine and Euonyminol Octaacetate. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21037-21047. [PMID: 34870420 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Euonymine (1) and euonyminol octaacetate (2) share the core structure of euonyminol (3), the most hydroxylated member of the dihydro-β-agarofuran family. In 2, eight of the nine hydroxy groups of 3 are acetylated, and 1 has six acetyl groups and a 14-membered bislactone comprising a pyridine dicarboxylic acid with two methyl groups. The different acylation patterns provide distinct biological activities: 1 and 2 display anti-HIV and P-glycoprotein inhibitory effects, respectively. The 11 contiguous stereocenters and 9 oxygen functionalities of the ABC-ring system of 1 and 2 represent a formidable challenge, which is further heightened by the macrocyclic structure of 1. Here we disclose an efficient synthetic strategy for enantioselective total synthesis of 1 and 2. Starting from (R)-glycerol acetonide, we constructed the B-ring by an Et3N-accelerated Diels-Alder reaction, the C-ring by intramolecular iodoetherification, and the A-ring by ring-closing olefin metathesis. The 10 stereocenters were installed through a series of substrate-controlled stereoselective C-C and C-O bond formations by exploiting the three-dimensional structures of judiciously designed substrates. These newly developed reaction sequences led to protected euonyminol 5, which served as a common intermediate for assembling 1 and 2. Global deprotection of 5 and subsequent acetylation produced 2. Alternatively, the discriminative protective groups of 5 allowed for site-selective bis-esterification to generate bislactone. Combining [3 + 2]-cycloaddition and reductive desulfurization introduced the last remaining stereocenters of the two methyl groups on the macrocycle. Finally, deprotection and acetylation gave rise to fully synthetic 1 for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Itsuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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40
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Chan KH, Groves JT. Concise Modular Synthesis and NMR Structural Determination of Gallium Mycobactin T. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15453-15468. [PMID: 34699221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A modular synthesis of mycobactin T and its N-acetyl analogue is reported in a route that facilitates permutation of the lipid tails. A key feature is the generation of N(α)-Cbz-N(ε)-benzyloxy-N(ε)-Boc-lysine (A4) with methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane in 59% yield. Selective hydroxamate N-acylation was achieved with acyl fluorides, enabling installation of lipids tails in the final step. O-Benzyl-dehydrocobactin T (B4) was prepared by modifying a known five-step sequence with an overall yield of 49%. 2-Hydroxyphenyl-4-carboxyloxazoline (C3) was prepared from 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and l-serine methyl ester in three steps with an overall yield of 55%. Ester coupling of A4 and B4 with EDCI afforded MbI-1 in 73% yield. Catalytic hydrogenation with Pd/BaSO4 and 50 psi of H2 simultaneously effected alkene reduction and debenzylation to afford MbI-2 in 96% yield. Fragment C3 was converted into acyl fluoride C4, which coupled with MbI-2 to afford MbI-3 in 51% yield. Finally, Boc-removal with HCl/EtOAc and treatment of the resultant hydroxylamine with stearyl fluoride furnished mycobactin T in 65% yield. Overall, the yield is 4% over 14 steps. The gallium mycobactin T-N-acetyl derivative (GaMbT-NAc) structure was determined by 1H NMR. The structure shows an octahedral Ga and two internal hydrogen bonds between peptidic N-Hs and two of the oxygen atoms coordinating Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiat Hwa Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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41
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Yasuno Y, Nakayama A, Saito K, Kitsuwa K, Okamura H, Komeyama M, Hemmi H, Shinada T. Total Synthesis and Structure Confirmation of trans-Anhydromevalonate-5-phosphate, a Key Biosynthetic Intermediate of the Archaeal Mevalonate Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2749-2754. [PMID: 34597517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is an upstream terpenoid biosynthetic route of terpenoids for providing the two five-carbon units, dimethylallyl diphosphate, and isopentenyl diphosphate. Recently, trans-anhydromevalonate-5-phosphate (tAHMP) was isolated as a new biosynthetic intermediate of the archaeal mevalonate pathway. In this study, we would like to report the first synthesis of tAHMP and its enzymatic transformation using one of the key enzymes, mevalonate-5-phosphate dehydratase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix. Starting from methyl tetrolate, a Cu-catalyzed allylation provided an E-trisubstituted olefin in a stereoselective manner. The resulting E-olefin was transformed to tAHMP by cleavage of the olefin and phosphorylation. The structure of the synthetic tAHMP was unambiguously determined by NOESY analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kai Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitsuwa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hironori Okamura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Komeyama
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hemmi
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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42
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Takeuchi T, Hatano M, Muramatsu H, Kubota Y, Sawa R, Igarashi M. Micromonosporamide A with Glutamine-Dependent Cytotoxicity from Micromonospora sp. MM609M-173N6: Isolation, Stereochemical Determination, and Synthesis. Org Lett 2021; 23:7981-7985. [PMID: 34585936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An acyldipeptide, micromonosporamide A, was isolated from the fermentation broth of Micromonospora sp. MM609M-173N6 by bioassay-guided fractionation using a glutamine compensation assay. The planar structure was elucidated on the basis of comprehensive one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The relative and absolute configuration of the entire molecule were determined using a combined approach, involving chromatographic analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, advanced Marfey's method, and total synthesis. Micromonosporamide A exhibited glutamine-dependent antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Takeuchi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masaki Hatano
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Muramatsu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kubota
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
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43
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Sharma A, Athe S, P.I R, Vishali K, Ghosh S. Total synthesis of the proposed structure of metacridamide B. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Pigga JE, Rosenberger JE, Jemas A, Boyd SJ, Dmitrenko O, Xie Y, Fox JM. General, Divergent Platform for Diastereoselective Synthesis of
trans
‐Cyclooctenes with High Reactivity and Favorable Physiochemical Properties**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Pigga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware 163 The Green Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Julia E. Rosenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware 163 The Green Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Andrew Jemas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware 163 The Green Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Samantha J. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware 163 The Green Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Olga Dmitrenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware 163 The Green Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware 163 The Green Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware 163 The Green Newark DE 19716 USA
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45
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Pigga JE, Rosenberger JE, Jemas A, Boyd SJ, Dmitrenko O, Xie Y, Fox JM. General, Divergent Platform for Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans-Cyclooctenes with High Reactivity and Favorable Physiochemical Properties*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14975-14980. [PMID: 33742526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
trans-Cyclooctenes (TCOs) are essential partners in the fastest known bioorthogonal reactions, but current synthetic methods are limited by poor diastereoselectivity. Especially hard to access are hydrophilic TCOs with favorable physicochemical properties for live cell or in vivo experiments. Described is a new class of TCOs, "a-TCOs", prepared in high yield by stereocontrolled 1,2-additions of nucleophiles to trans-cyclooct-4-enone, which itself was prepared on a large scale in two steps from 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Computational transition-state models rationalize the diastereoselectivity of 1,2-additions to deliver a-TCO products, which were also shown to be more reactive than standard TCOs and less hydrophobic than even a trans-oxocene analogue. Illustrating the favorable physicochemical properties of a-TCOs, a fluorescent TAMRA derivative in live HeLa cells was shown to be cell-permeable through intracellular Diels-Alder chemistry and to wash out more rapidly than other TCOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Pigga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Julia E Rosenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Andrew Jemas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Samantha J Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Olga Dmitrenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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46
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Zscherp R, Coetzee J, Vornweg J, Grunenberg J, Herrmann J, Müller R, Klahn P. Biomimetic enterobactin analogue mediates iron-uptake and cargo transport into E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10179-10190. [PMID: 34377407 PMCID: PMC8336463 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02084f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of the artificial enterobactin analogue EntKL and several fluorophore-conjugates thereof are described. EntKL provides an attachment point for cargos such as fluorophores or antimicrobial payloads. Corresponding conjugates are recognized by outer membrane siderophore receptors of Gram-negative pathogens and retain the natural hydrolyzability of the tris-lactone backbone. Initial density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of the free energies of solvation (ΔG(sol)) and relaxed Fe–O force constants of the corresponding [Fe-EntKL]3− complexes indicated a similar iron binding constant compared to natural enterobactin (Ent). The synthesis of EntKL was achieved via an iterative assembly based on a 3-hydroxylysine building block over 14 steps with an overall yield of 3%. A series of growth recovery assays under iron-limiting conditions with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant strains that are defective in natural siderophore synthesis revealed a potent concentration-dependent growth promoting effect of EntKL similar to natural Ent. Additionally, four cargo-conjugates differing in molecular size were able to restore growth of E. coli indicating an uptake into the cytosol. P. aeruginosa displayed a stronger uptake promiscuity as six different cargo-conjugates were found to restore growth under iron-limiting conditions. Imaging studies utilizing BODIPYFL-conjugates, demonstrated the ability of EntKL to overcome the Gram-negative outer membrane permeability barrier and thus deliver molecular cargos via the bacterial iron transport machinery of E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The design, synthesis and evaluation of the enterobactin derivative (AcO)EntKL is reported, which mediates iron uptake and cargo transport into E. coli and P. aeruginosa and was able to compete with human enterobactin and iron binding proteins.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Janetta Coetzee
- Department for Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Universität des Saarlandes Campus Building E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Johannes Vornweg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jörg Grunenberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department for Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Universität des Saarlandes Campus Building E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department for Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Universität des Saarlandes Campus Building E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
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47
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Mata G, Kalnmals CA. Total Synthesis in the Trost Laboratories: Selected Milestones From the Past Twenty Years. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mata
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc. 3928 Point Eden Way Hayward CA 94545 USA
| | - Christopher A. Kalnmals
- Crop Protection Discovery Corteva Agriscience 9330 Zionsville Road Indianapolis IN 46268 USA
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48
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Kumar D, Vaya D, Chundawat TS. Total Synthesis of 6-Hydroxymetatacarboline-d Discovered from Mycena metata via the Pictet-Spengler Reaction Followed by the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8933-8941. [PMID: 33842763 PMCID: PMC8028005 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis of a new β-carboline alkaloid, 6-hydroxymetatacarboline-d, which was isolated from fruiting bodies of Mycena metata was accomplished in 14 steps. The synthetic strategy features the Pictet-Spengler reaction to construct the tricyclic core followed by amide coupling and the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana am-122017, India
- Department
of Applied Sciences, The North Cap University, Sector 23-A, Gurgaon, Haryana 122017, India
- R &
D centre of Jubilant Biosys Ltd, B34, sector 58, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Dipti Vaya
- Department
of Chemistry, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana am-122017, India
| | - Tejpal Singh Chundawat
- Department
of Applied Sciences, The North Cap University, Sector 23-A, Gurgaon, Haryana 122017, India
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49
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Huck CJ, Boyko YD, Sarlah D. Total Synthesis of Stelletins through an Unconventional Annulation Strategy. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1597-1609. [PMID: 33635622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems present the largest source of biodiversity on the planet and an immense reservoir of novel chemical entities. Sessile marine organisms such as sponges produce a wide range of complex secondary metabolites, many of these with potent biological activity engineered for chemical defense. That such compounds exert dynamic effects outside of their native context is perhaps not surprising, and the realm of marine natural products has attracted considerable attention as a largely untapped repository of potential candidates for drug development. Only a handful of the more than 15 000 marine natural products that have been isolated to date have advanced to the clinic, and more are to be expected. The rich chemical information encoded in the intricate three-dimensional structures of many marine natural products facilitates highly discriminating interactions with cell signaling pathways, and especially within cancer cells such nuanced effects offer an exciting opportunity for the development of targeted therapies that lack the side effects and general toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutics. The isomalabaricanes are a rare class of marine triterpenoids that have been hailed as promising cytotoxic lead compounds for the treatment of cancer, and they have attracted a flurry of excitement from researchers because of their potent cytotoxicity in certain human cancer cell lines along with a range of other antineoplastic effects. Most notably, their inhibitory activity is highly cell-selective, characterized by large deviations from their mean GI50 concentrations across 3 orders of magnitude in the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Lines screen, suggesting mechanistic specificity rather than general and unbridled toxicity. Despite these auspicious preliminary reports, the isomalabaricane scaffold remains largely unexplored as a potential anticancer lead because of lack of material. This Account describes our recent efforts to develop a general, modular synthesis of the isomalabaricanes, as exemplified by the successful total syntheses of rhabdastrellic acid A, stelletin E, and stelletin A. The unorthodox trans-syn-trans configuration of their perhydrobenz[e]indene core severely circumscribes the synthetic methods available for its construction and required several generations of strategy to assemble. Ultimately, a series of unconventional transformations were identified that were capable of building this highly strained motif, and the syntheses of rhabdastrellic acid A and stelletin E were completed in racemic fashion. Subsequently, a second-generation approach to these natural products was developed, rendering the synthesis enantioselective as well as providing access to stelletin A. These synthetic efforts were greatly assisted by computational techniques such as 13C NMR prediction, which enabled structural assignments of hydrocarbon diastereomers, as well as relaxed surface scan conformational analysis, which informed a campaign for directed hydrogenation of an alkene. High-throughput experimentation methods were brought to bear during optimization of a late-stage Suzuki coupling on stelletin A. Finally, preliminary structure-activity relationship studies in glioblastoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines were conducted on stelletin A, revealing that the singular trans-syn-trans perhydrobenz[e]indene core is essential for the cytotoxic activity of the isomalabaricane triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Huck
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yaroslav D. Boyko
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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50
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Tresse C, François-Heude M, Servajean V, Ravinder R, Lesieur C, Geiben L, Jeanne-Julien L, Steinmetz V, Retailleau P, Roulland E, Beau JM, Norsikian S. Total Synthesis of Tiacumicin B: Study of the Challenging β-Selective Glycosylations*. Chemistry 2021; 27:5230-5239. [PMID: 33433914 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We give a full account of the total synthesis of tiacumicin B (Tcn-B), a natural glycosylated macrolide with remarkable antibiotic properties. Our strategy is based on our experience with the synthesis of the tiacumicin B aglycone and on unique 1,2-cis-glycosylation steps. We used sulfoxide anomeric leaving-groups in combination with a remote 3-O-picoloyl group on the donors that allowed highly β-selective rhamnosylation and noviosylation that rely on H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery. The rhamnosylated C1-C3 fragment was anchored to the C4-C19 aglycone fragment by a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Ring-size-selective Shiina macrolactonization provided a semiglycosylated aglycone that was engaged directly in the noviolysation step with a virtually total β-selectivity. Finally, a novel deprotection method was devised for the removal of a 2-naphthylmethyl ether on a phenol, and efficient removal of all the protecting groups provided synthetic tiacumicin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Tresse
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc François-Heude
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Servajean
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rubal Ravinder
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clémence Lesieur
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucie Geiben
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Louis Jeanne-Julien
- C-Tac, CitCom, UMR 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS-Université de Paris, avenue de l'Observatoire 4, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Steinmetz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuel Roulland
- C-Tac, CitCom, UMR 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS-Université de Paris, avenue de l'Observatoire 4, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182, Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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