1
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Workman AM, Harhay GP, Groves JT, Vander Ley BL. Two bovine hepacivirus genome sequences from U.S. cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:274-277. [PMID: 38414254 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231225656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine hepacivirus (BoHV) is closely related to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in humans and can cause both acute and chronic liver infections in cattle. BoHV was first identified in Ghana and Germany in 2015 and since then it has been detected and characterized in other countries around the world, but no strains have been sequenced from U.S. cattle. To date, BoHV has been classified into 2 genotypes (1 and 2), with genotype 1 being further divided into 11 subtypes (A-K). However, the true genetic diversity of BoHV is likely underestimated given limited surveillance and a lack of published genome sequences. Here, we sequenced 2 nearly complete BoHV genomes from serum samples collected in 2019 from beef cattle in Missouri. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that isolate MARC/2019/60 had high sequence homology with genotype 1, subtype E isolates from China. In contrast, isolate MARC/2019/50 represented a novel BoHV subtype within genotype 2. Thus, we report the first genomic characterization of BoHV isolates from U.S. cattle, and the second complete BoHV2 genome worldwide. This work increases our knowledge of the global genetic diversity of BoHV and demonstrates the co-circulation of divergent BoHV strains in U.S. cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen M Workman
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Gregory P Harhay
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | | | - Brian L Vander Ley
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
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2
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Groves JT, Feng L, Austin RN. Structure and Function of Alkane Monooxygenase (AlkB). Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3665-3675. [PMID: 38032826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusEvery year, perhaps as much as 800 million tons of hydrocarbons enters the environment; alkanes make up a large percentage of it. Most are transformed by organisms that utilize these molecules as sources of energy and carbon. Both aerobic and anaerobic alkane transformation chemistries exist, capitalizing on the presence of alkanes in both oxic and anoxic environments. Over the past 40 years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the structure and mechanism of enzymes that catalyze the transformation of methane. By contrast, progress involving enzymes that transform liquid alkanes has been slower with the first structures of AlkB, the predominant aerobic alkane hydroxylase in the environment, appearing in 2023. Because of the fundamental importance of C-H bond activation chemistries, interest in understanding how biology activates and transforms alkanes is high.In this Account, we focus on steps we have taken to understand the mechanism and structure of alkane monooxygenase (AlkB), the metalloenzyme that dominates the transformation of liquid alkanes in the environment (not to be confused with another AlkB that is an α-ketogluturate-dependent enzyme involved in DNA repair). First, we briefly describe what is known about the prevalence of AlkB in the environment and its role in the carbon cycle. Then we review the key findings from our recent high-resolution cryoEM structure of AlkB and highlight important similarities and differences in the structures of members of class III diiron enzymes. Functional studies, which we summarize, from a number of single residue variants enable us to say a great deal about how the structure of AlkB facilitates its function. Next, we overview work from our laboratories using mechanistically diagnostic radical clock substrates to characterize the mechanism of AlkB and contextualize the results we have obtained on AlkB with results we have obtained on other alkane-oxidizing enzymes and explain these results in light of the enzyme's structure. Finally, we integrate recent work in our laboratories with information from prior studies of AlkB, and relevant model systems, to create a holistic picture of the enzyme. We end by pointing to critical questions that still need to be answered, questions about the electronic structure of the active site of the enzyme throughout the reaction cycle and about whether and to what extent the enzyme plays functional roles in biology beyond simply initiating the degradation of alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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3
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Cummings DB, Groves JT, Turner BL. Assessing the Role of Systems Thinking for Stocker Cattle Operations. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020069. [PMID: 36851373 PMCID: PMC9961819 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is recognized as a complex multifactorial disease often resulting in significant economic losses for the stocker industry through reduced health and performance of feeder calves. Conventional approaches to manage BRD in stocker production systems can be challenged with a restricted view of the system, most importantly the structure, which drives the behavior of the system and fails to anticipate unintended consequences. The translation and implementation of systems thinking into veterinary medicine can offer an alternative method to problem-solving. Fundamental to the success of the systems thinker is the conceptualization of the Iceberg Diagram intended to identify root causes of complex problems such as BRD. Furthermore, veterinary and animal health professionals are well-positioned to serve as facilitators to establish creative tension, the positive energy necessary to identify high-leverage strategies. The interrelationships and interconnected behaviors of complex stocker systems warrant an understanding of various archetypes. Archetypes provide the systems thinker with a decision-making tool to explore tactics in a nonlinear fashion for the purpose of recognizing short- and long-term outcomes. Developing literacy in the discipline of systems thinking will further equip professionals with the skillset necessary to address the multitude of challenges ingrained in complex stocker cattle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Cummings
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., Duluth, GA 30096, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Department of Agriculture, Agribusiness, and Environmental Science and King Ranch® Institute for Ranch Management, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78636, USA
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4
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Abstract
A cationic manganese porphyrin, MnIII-TDMImP, is an efficient, homogeneous, single-site water oxidation electrocatalyst at neutral pH. The measured turnover frequency for oxygen production is 32 s-1. Mechanistic analyses indicate that MnV(O)(OH2), the protonated form of the corresponding trans-MnV(O)2 species, is generated from the MnIII(OH2)2 precursor in a 2-e- two-proton process and is responsible for O-O bond formation with a H2O molecule. Chloride ion is a competitive substrate with H2O for the MnV(O)(OH2) oxidant, forming hypochlorous acid with a rate constant that is 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of water oxidation. The data allow the construction of an experimental energy landscape for this water oxidation catalysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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5
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Powledge SA, McAtee TB, Woolums AR, Falkner TR, Groves JT, Thoresen M, Valeris-Chacin R, Richeson JT. Clinical and Microbiological effects in High-risk Beef Calves Administered Intranasal or Parenteral Modified-live Virus Vaccines. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6655958. [PMID: 35926833 PMCID: PMC9645557 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection can enhance Histophilus somni (Hs) disease in calves; we thus hypothesized that modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines containing BRSV may alter Hs carriage. Our objective was to determine effects of an intranasal (IN) trivalent (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus [IBRV], parainfluenza-3 virus [PI3V], and BRSV) respiratory vaccine with parenteral (PT) bivalent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type I + II vaccine, or a PT pentavalent (BVDV type I and II, IBRV, BRSV, and PI3V) respiratory vaccine, on health, growth, immunity, and nasal pathogen colonization in high-risk beef calves. Calves (n=525) were received in 5 truckload blocks and stratified by body weight (213±18.4 kg), sex, and presence of a pre-existing ear-tag. Pens were spatially arranged in sets of 3 within block and randomly assigned to treatment with an empty pen between treatment groups consisting of: 1) no MLV respiratory vaccination (CON), 2) IN trivalent MLV respiratory vaccine with PT BVDV type I + II vaccine (INT), or 3) PT pentavalent, MLV respiratory vaccine (INJ). Pen was the experimental unit, with 15 pens/treatment and 11 - 12 calves/pen in this 70-d receiving study. Health, performance, and BRSV, Hs, Mycoplasma bovis (Mb), Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh), and Pasteurella multocida (Pm) level in nasal swabs via rtPCR was determined on d 0, 7, 14, and 28, and BRSV-specific serum neutralizing antibody titer, and serum IFN-γ concentration via ELISA, were evaluated on d 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70. Morbidity (P=0.83), mortality (P=0.68) and average daily gain (P≥0.82) did not differ. Serum antibody against BRSV increased with time (P<0.01). There was a treatment × time interaction (P<0.01) for Hs detection; on d 14 and 28, INT (21.1 and 57.1%) were more frequently (P<0.01) Hs positive than CON (3.6 and 25.3%) or INJ (3.4 and 8.4%). Also, INT had reduced (P=0.03) cycle time of Hs positive samples on d 28. No difference (P≥0.17) was found for IFN-γ concentration and Mb, Mh, or Pm detection. The proportion of Mh positive culture from lung specimens differed (P<0.01); INT had fewer (0.0%; 0 of 9) Mh positive lungs than INJ (45.5%; 6 of 13) or CON (74.0%; 14 of 19). Vaccination of high-risk calves with MLV did not clearly impact health or growth during the receiving period. However, INT was associated with altered upper respiratory microbial community in cattle resulting in increased detection and level of Hs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri A Powledge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon TX, United States
| | - Taylor B McAtee
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon TX, United States
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | | | - John T Groves
- Livestock Veterinary Service, Eldon, MO, United States
| | - Merilee Thoresen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Robert Valeris-Chacin
- VERO, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - John T Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon TX, United States
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6
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Falkner TR, Grotelueschen DM, Groves JT. Perspectives on the Practical Applications of Systems Thinking and System Dynamics Theory in Beef Practice. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2022; 38:xi-xiii. [PMID: 35691632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Robin Falkner
- Cattleflow Consulting and Elanco Animal Health, 2404 Walnut Grove Road, Christiana, TN 37037, USA.
| | - Dale M Grotelueschen
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 156, Harvard, NE 68944, USA.
| | - John T Groves
- Livestock Veterinary Service, P.O. Box 353, 917 South Aurora Street, Eldon, MO 65026, USA.
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7
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Groves JT, Goldsmith TJ, Carlson JM. How Forces of a Complex Adaptive System Affect Ability to Control Bovine Respiratory Disease in Feeder Cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2022; 38:295-316. [PMID: 35691630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This chapter provides an introductory look into the practical application of the principals of systems thinking as a methodology to gain deeper understanding of the nature of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in current North American beef production models. The "limits to success" archetype is used to explore the dynamic relationship between technological BRD mitigation improvements and the resultant adaptive changes made by the system. The chapter concludes, by using the tragedy of the common archetype, with an investigation into how the common shared resource of antimicrobials can be damaged and depleted over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Groves
- Livestock Veterinary Service, 917 South Aurora/ PO Box 353, Eldon, MO 65026, USA.
| | - Timothy J Goldsmith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 225 Veterinary Medical Center, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jaden M Carlson
- University of Nebraska, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, 820 Road 313/ PO Box 148, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
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8
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Grotelueschen DM, Funk RA, Groves JT, Goldsmith TJ, Vander Ley B. Current Reality of Beef Cattle Veterinary Practice in North America: A Systems Thinking Perspective. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2022; 38:317-333. [PMID: 35691631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef cattle veterinarians provide services to the increasingly complex beef industry system. Systems thinking offers pathways to better understand and communicate ranges of issues such as prevailing mental models, importance of match quality relative to clientele needs, and identification of leverage to better adapt and continually improve. Thinking in systems identifies and helps us to understand patterns or structures that are organized and interconnected that result in the outcomes observed and experienced in the practice of beef cattle veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A Funk
- GPVEC- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PO Box 148, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - John T Groves
- Livestock Veterinary Service, P.O. Box 353917 South Aurora Street, Eldon, MO 65026, USA
| | - Timothy J Goldsmith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue Street, Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Brian Vander Ley
- GPVEC- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PO Box 148, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
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9
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Coutard N, Musgrave CB, Moon J, Liebov NS, Nielsen RM, Goldberg JM, Li M, Jia X, Lee S, Dickie DA, Schinski WL, Wu Z, Groves JT, Goddard WA, Gunnoe TB. Manganese Catalyzed Partial Oxidation of Light Alkanes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Coutard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jisue Moon
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nichole S. Liebov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Robert M. Nielsen
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Meijun Li
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Sungsik Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | | | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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10
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Coutard N, Goldberg JM, Valle HU, Cao Y, Jia X, Jeffrey PD, Gunnoe TB, Groves JT. Aerobic Partial Oxidation of Alkanes Using Photodriven Iron Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:759-766. [PMID: 34962799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodriven oxidations of alkanes in trifluoroacetic acid using commercial and synthesized Fe(III) sources as catalyst precursors and dioxygen (O2) as the terminal oxidant are reported. The reactions produce alkyl esters and occur at ambient temperature in the presence of air, and catalytic turnover is observed for the oxidation of methane in a pure O2 atmosphere. Under optimized conditions, approximately 17% conversion of methane to methyl trifluoroacetate at more than 50% selectivity is observed. It is demonstrated that methyl trifluoroacetate is stable under catalytic conditions, and thus overoxidized products are not formed through secondary oxidation of methyl trifluoroacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Coutard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jonathan M Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Henry U Valle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Philip D Jeffrey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - T Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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11
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McQueen CF, Groves JT. Toxicity of the iron siderophore mycobactin J in mouse macrophages: Evidence for a hypoxia response. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111669. [PMID: 34864292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is an obligate intracellular pathogen that lives within the phagosome of macrophages. Here we demonstrate that the siderophore mycobactin J, produced by the closely related intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, is toxic to murine macrophage cells. Its median lethal dose, 10 μM, is lower than that of the iron chelators desferrioxamine B and TrenCAM, an enterobactin analog. To determine the source of this toxicity, we conducted microarray, ELISA, and metabolite profiling experiments. The primary response is hypoxia-like, which implies iron starvation as the underlying cause of the toxicity. This observation is consistent with our recent finding that mycobactin J is a stronger iron chelator than had been inferred from previous studies. Mycobactin J is known to partition into cell membranes and hydrophobic organelles indicating that enhanced membrane penetration is also a likely factor. Thus, mycobactin J is shown to be toxic, eliciting a hypoxia-like response under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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12
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Chan KH, Groves JT. Concise Modular Synthesis and NMR Structural Determination of Gallium Mycobactin T. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15453-15468. [PMID: 34699221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A modular synthesis of mycobactin T and its N-acetyl analogue is reported in a route that facilitates permutation of the lipid tails. A key feature is the generation of N(α)-Cbz-N(ε)-benzyloxy-N(ε)-Boc-lysine (A4) with methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane in 59% yield. Selective hydroxamate N-acylation was achieved with acyl fluorides, enabling installation of lipids tails in the final step. O-Benzyl-dehydrocobactin T (B4) was prepared by modifying a known five-step sequence with an overall yield of 49%. 2-Hydroxyphenyl-4-carboxyloxazoline (C3) was prepared from 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and l-serine methyl ester in three steps with an overall yield of 55%. Ester coupling of A4 and B4 with EDCI afforded MbI-1 in 73% yield. Catalytic hydrogenation with Pd/BaSO4 and 50 psi of H2 simultaneously effected alkene reduction and debenzylation to afford MbI-2 in 96% yield. Fragment C3 was converted into acyl fluoride C4, which coupled with MbI-2 to afford MbI-3 in 51% yield. Finally, Boc-removal with HCl/EtOAc and treatment of the resultant hydroxylamine with stearyl fluoride furnished mycobactin T in 65% yield. Overall, the yield is 4% over 14 steps. The gallium mycobactin T-N-acetyl derivative (GaMbT-NAc) structure was determined by 1H NMR. The structure shows an octahedral Ga and two internal hydrogen bonds between peptidic N-Hs and two of the oxygen atoms coordinating Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiat Hwa Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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13
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Abstract
This article provides insights into the management of bovine respiratory disease in high-risk cattle populations. Biocontainment strategies, records, procurement, transport, arrival/receiving management, vaccination, and treatment protocols are discussed from practical and systems-thinking perspectives regarding their impact on health in high-risk cattle. Arrival management considerations, such as facilities, nutritional management, metaphylaxis, bovine viral diarrhea virus persistent infection testing, parasite control, and castration, are also addressed. Caretaker morale and job satisfaction are suggested as important factors to consider when managing high-risk cattle. The inter-relationships of variables within the system are explored as contributing causative factors to bovine respiratory disease in high-risk cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Groves
- Livestock Veterinary Service, PO Box 353, 917 South Aurora Street, Eldon, MO 65026, USA.
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14
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Tang L, Zhu L, Ener ME, Gao H, Wang Y, Groves JT, Spiro TG, Fang C. Photoinduced charge flow inside an iron porphyrazine complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13606-13609. [PMID: 31657387 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Tracking inorganic photochemistry with high resolution poses considerable challenges. Here, sub-picosecond electronic and structural motions and MLCT/d-d intersystem crossing in a cationic iron-porphyrazine are probed using ultrafast transient absorption, stimulated Raman spectroscopy, and quantum calculations. By delineating photoinduced energy relaxation, strategies for extending the lifetime of MLCT state are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longteng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
| | - Liangdong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
| | - Maraia E Ener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - Hongxin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Thomas G Spiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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15
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Liebov NS, Goldberg JM, Boaz NC, Coutard N, Kalman SE, Zhuang T, Groves JT, Gunnoe TB. Selective Photo‐Oxygenation of Light Alkanes Using Iodine Oxides and Chloride. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nichole S. Liebov
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | | | - Nicholas C. Boaz
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Department of Chemistry North Central College Naperville IL 60540 USA
| | - Nathan Coutard
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Steven E. Kalman
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
- Chemistry Program School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Stockton University Galloway NJ 08205 USA
| | - Thompson Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Patrick A. Kates
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andrew K. Dilger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Peter T. Cheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - William R. Ewing
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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17
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Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is a heme enzyme that catalyzes the oxygenation of the indole ring of tryptophan to afford N-formylkynurenine. This activity significantly suppresses the immune response, mediating inflammation and autoimmune reactions. These consequential effects are regulated through redox changes in the heme cofactor of IDO1, which autoxidizes to the inactive ferric state during turnover. This change in redox status increases the lability of the heme cofactor leading to further suppression of activity. The cell can thus regulate IDO1 activity through the supply of heme and reducing agents. We show here that polysulfides bind to inactive ferric IDO1 and reduce it to the oxygen-binding ferrous state, thus activating IDO1 to maximal turnover even at low, physiologically significant concentrations. The on-rate for hydrogen disulfide binding to ferric IDO1 was found to be >106 M-1 s-1 at pH 7 using stopped-flow spectrometry. Fe K-edge XANES and EPR spectroscopy indicated initial formation of a low-spin ferric sulfur-bound species followed by reduction to the ferrous state. The μM affinity of polysulfides for IDO1 implicates these polysulfides as important signaling factors in immune regulation through the kynurenine pathway. Tryptophan significantly enhanced the relatively lower-affinity binding of hydrogen sulfide to IDO1, inspiring the use of the small molecule 3-mercaptoindole (3MI), which selectively binds to and activates ferric IDO1. 3MI sustains turnover by catalytically transferring reducing equivalents from glutathione to IDO1, representing a novel strategy of upregulating innate immunosuppression for treatment of autoimmune disorders. Reactive sulfur species are thus likely unrecognized immune-mediators with potential as therapeutic agents through these interactions with IDO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah T Nelp
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Vincent Zheng
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Katherine M Davis
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Katherine J E Stiefel
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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18
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Alieva NO, Efremov AK, Hu S, Oh D, Chen Z, Natarajan M, Ong HT, Jégou A, Romet-Lemonne G, Groves JT, Sheetz MP, Yan J, Bershadsky AD. Myosin IIA and formin dependent mechanosensitivity of filopodia adhesion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3593. [PMID: 31399564 PMCID: PMC6689027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia, dynamic membrane protrusions driven by polymerization of an actin filament core, can adhere to the extracellular matrix and experience both external and cell-generated pulling forces. The role of such forces in filopodia adhesion is however insufficiently understood. Here, we study filopodia induced by overexpression of myosin X, typical for cancer cells. The lifetime of such filopodia positively correlates with the presence of myosin IIA filaments at the filopodia bases. Application of pulling forces to the filopodia tips through attached fibronectin-coated laser-trapped beads results in sustained growth of the filopodia. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of myosin IIA abolishes the filopodia adhesion to the beads. Formin inhibitor SMIFH2, which causes detachment of actin filaments from formin molecules, produces similar effect. Thus, centripetal force generated by myosin IIA filaments at the base of filopodium and transmitted to the tip through actin core in a formin-dependent fashion is required for filopodia adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O Alieva
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - A K Efremov
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - S Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - D Oh
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Z Chen
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M Natarajan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - H T Ong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - A Jégou
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université de Paris, 15 rue Helene Brion, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - G Romet-Lemonne
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université de Paris, 15 rue Helene Brion, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - J T Groves
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - J Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117557, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - A D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore. .,Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St 234, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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19
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Delarue M, Brittingham GP, Pfeffer S, Surovtsev IV, Pinglay S, Kennedy KJ, Schaffer M, Gutierrez JI, Sang D, Poterewicz G, Chung JK, Plitzko JM, Groves JT, Jacobs-Wagner C, Engel BD, Holt LJ. mTORC1 Controls Phase Separation and the Biophysical Properties of the Cytoplasm by Tuning Crowding. Cell 2018. [PMID: 29937223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.1005.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding has a profound impact on reaction rates and the physical properties of the cell interior, but the mechanisms that regulate crowding are poorly understood. We developed genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (GEMs) to dissect these mechanisms. GEMs are homomultimeric scaffolds fused to a fluorescent protein that self-assemble into bright, stable particles of defined size and shape. By combining tracking of GEMs with genetic and pharmacological approaches, we discovered that the mTORC1 pathway can modulate the effective diffusion coefficient of particles ≥20 nm in diameter more than 2-fold by tuning ribosome concentration, without any discernable effect on the motion of molecules ≤5 nm. This change in ribosome concentration affected phase separation both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results establish a role for mTORC1 in controlling both the mesoscale biophysical properties of the cytoplasm and biomolecular condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delarue
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - G P Brittingham
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - S Pfeffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - I V Surovtsev
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - S Pinglay
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - K J Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 95720, USA
| | - M Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - J I Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 95720, USA
| | - D Sang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - G Poterewicz
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - J K Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 95720, USA
| | - J M Plitzko
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - J T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 95720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - C Jacobs-Wagner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - B D Engel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - L J Holt
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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20
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Delarue M, Brittingham GP, Pfeffer S, Surovtsev IV, Pinglay S, Kennedy KJ, Schaffer M, Gutierrez JI, Sang D, Poterewicz G, Chung JK, Plitzko JM, Groves JT, Jacobs-Wagner C, Engel BD, Holt LJ. mTORC1 Controls Phase Separation and the Biophysical Properties of the Cytoplasm by Tuning Crowding. Cell 2018; 174:338-349.e20. [PMID: 29937223 PMCID: PMC10080728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding has a profound impact on reaction rates and the physical properties of the cell interior, but the mechanisms that regulate crowding are poorly understood. We developed genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (GEMs) to dissect these mechanisms. GEMs are homomultimeric scaffolds fused to a fluorescent protein that self-assemble into bright, stable particles of defined size and shape. By combining tracking of GEMs with genetic and pharmacological approaches, we discovered that the mTORC1 pathway can modulate the effective diffusion coefficient of particles ≥20 nm in diameter more than 2-fold by tuning ribosome concentration, without any discernable effect on the motion of molecules ≤5 nm. This change in ribosome concentration affected phase separation both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results establish a role for mTORC1 in controlling both the mesoscale biophysical properties of the cytoplasm and biomolecular condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delarue
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - G P Brittingham
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - S Pfeffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - I V Surovtsev
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - S Pinglay
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - K J Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 95720, USA
| | - M Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - J I Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 95720, USA
| | - D Sang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - G Poterewicz
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - J K Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 95720, USA
| | - J M Plitzko
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - J T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 95720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - C Jacobs-Wagner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - B D Engel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - L J Holt
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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21
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Abstract
As a result of the adaptation of life to an aerobic environment, nature has evolved a panoply of metalloproteins for oxidative metabolism and protection against reactive oxygen species. Despite the diverse structures and functions of these proteins, they share common mechanistic grounds. An open-shell transition metal like iron or copper is employed to interact with O2 and its derived intermediates such as hydrogen peroxide to afford a variety of metal-oxygen intermediates. These reactive intermediates, including metal-superoxo, -(hydro)peroxo, and high-valent metal-oxo species, are the basis for the various biological functions of O2-utilizing metalloproteins. Collectively, these processes are called oxygen activation. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of these reactive intermediates has come from the study of heme-containing proteins and related metalloporphyrin compounds. These studies not only have deepened our understanding of various functions of heme proteins, such as O2 storage and transport, degradation of reactive oxygen species, redox signaling, and biological oxygenation, etc., but also have driven the development of bioinorganic chemistry and biomimetic catalysis. In this review, we survey the range of O2 activation processes mediated by heme proteins and model compounds with a focus on recent progress in the characterization and reactivity of important iron-oxygen intermediates. Representative reactions initiated by these reactive intermediates as well as some context from prior decades will also be presented. We will discuss the fundamental mechanistic features of these transformations and delineate the underlying structural and electronic factors that contribute to the spectrum of reactivities that has been observed in nature as well as those that have been invented using these paradigms. Given the recent developments in biocatalysis for non-natural chemistries and the renaissance of radical chemistry in organic synthesis, we envision that new enzymatic and synthetic transformations will emerge based on the radical processes mediated by metalloproteins and their synthetic analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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22
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Schwartz NA, Boaz NC, Kalman SE, Zhuang T, Goldberg JM, Fu R, Nielsen RJ, Goddard WA, Groves JT, Gunnoe TB. Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Functionalization by an Iodate/Chloride System: The Role of Ester Protection. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nichole A. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nicholas C. Boaz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Steven E. Kalman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Thompson Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ross Fu
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Robert J. Nielsen
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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23
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Li G, Dilger AK, Cheng PT, Ewing WR, Groves JT. Selective C−H Halogenation with a Highly Fluorinated Manganese Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:1251-1255. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | | | - Peter T. Cheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb P. O. Box 5400 Princeton NJ 08543-5400 USA
| | | | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Andrew K. Dilger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; P. O. Box 5400 Princeton NJ 08543-5400 USA
| | - Peter T. Cheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; P. O. Box 5400 Princeton NJ 08543-5400 USA
| | - William R. Ewing
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; P. O. Box 5400 Princeton NJ 08543-5400 USA
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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25
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Liu W, Huang X, Placzek MS, Krska SW, McQuade P, Hooker JM, Groves JT. Site-selective 18F fluorination of unactivated C-H bonds mediated by a manganese porphyrin. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1168-1172. [PMID: 29675161 PMCID: PMC5885592 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04545j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct aliphatic C–H 18F labeling method using [18F]fluoride ion at inaccessible and unreactive sites is reported.
The first direct C–H 18F fluorination reaction of unactivated aliphatic sites using no-carrier-added [18F]fluoride is reported. Under the influence of a manganese porphyrin/iodosylbenzene system, a variety of unactivated aliphatic C–H bonds can be selectively converted to C–18F bonds. The mild conditions, broad substrate scope and generally inaccessible regiochemistry make this radio-fluorination a powerful alternate to established nucleophilic substitution for the preparation of 18F labeled radio tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Michael S Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , Massachusetts 02129 , USA . .,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA
| | - Shane W Krska
- Department of Process Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , USA
| | - Paul McQuade
- Imaging Research , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , USA
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , Massachusetts 02129 , USA . .,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
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26
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Huang X, Zhuang T, Kates PA, Gao H, Chen X, Groves JT. Alkyl Isocyanates via Manganese-Catalyzed C-H Activation for the Preparation of Substituted Ureas. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15407-15413. [PMID: 28976738 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic isocyanates are versatile intermediates that provide access to a wide range of functionalities. In this work, we have developed the first synthetic method for preparing aliphatic isocyanates via direct C-H activation. This method proceeds efficiently at room temperature and can be applied to functionalize secondary, tertiary, and benzylic C-H bonds with good yields and functional group compatibility. Moreover, the isocyanate products can be readily converted to substituted ureas without isolation, demonstrating the synthetic potential of the method. To study the reaction mechanism, we have synthesized and characterized a rare MnIV-NCO intermediate and demonstrated its ability to transfer the isocyanate moiety to alkyl radicals. Using EPR spectroscopy, we have directly observed a MnIV intermediate under catalytic conditions. Isocyanation of celestolide with a chiral manganese salen catalyst followed by trapping with aniline afforded the urea product in 51% enantiomeric excess. This represents the only example of an asymmetric synthesis of an organic urea via C-H activation. When combined with our DFT calculations, these results clearly demonstrate that the C-NCO bond was formed through capture of a substrate radical by a MnIV-NCO intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Thompson Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Patrick A Kates
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongxin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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27
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Hsieh CH, Huang X, Amaya JA, Rutland CD, Keys CL, Groves JT, Austin RN, Makris TM. The Enigmatic P450 Decarboxylase OleT Is Capable of, but Evolved To Frustrate, Oxygen Rebound Chemistry. Biochemistry 2017; 56:3347-3357. [PMID: 28603981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OleT is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the removal of carbon dioxide from variable chain length fatty acids to form 1-alkenes. In this work, we examine the binding and metabolic profile of OleT with shorter chain length (n ≤ 12) fatty acids that can form liquid transportation fuels. Transient kinetics and product analyses confirm that OleT capably activates hydrogen peroxide with shorter substrates to form the high-valent intermediate Compound I and largely performs C-C bond scission. However, the enzyme also produces fatty alcohol side products using the high-valent iron oxo chemistry commonly associated with insertion of oxygen into hydrocarbons. When presented with a short chain fatty acid that can initiate the formation of Compound I, OleT oxidizes the diagnostic probe molecules norcarane and methylcyclopropane in a manner that is reminiscent of reactions of many CYP hydroxylases with radical clock substrates. These data are consistent with a decarboxylation mechanism in which Compound I abstracts a substrate hydrogen atom in the initial step. Positioning of the incipient substrate radical is a crucial element in controlling the efficiency of activated OH rebound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun H Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - José A Amaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Cooper D Rutland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Carson L Keys
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Rachel N Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Thomas M Makris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Robert J. Nielsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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29
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Abstract
A reactive hydroxoferric porphyrazine complex, [(PyPz)FeIII(OH) (OH2)]4+ (1, PyPz = tetramethyl-2,3-pyridino porphyrazine), has been prepared via one-electron oxidation of the corresponding ferrous species [(PyPz)FeII(OH2)2]4+ (2). Electrochemical analysis revealed a pH-dependent and remarkably high FeIII-OH/FeII-OH2 reduction potential of 680 mV vs Ag/AgCl at pH 5.2. Nernstian behavior from pH 2 to pH 8 indicates a one-proton, one-electron interconversion throughout that range. The O-H bond dissociation energy of the FeII-OH2 complex was estimated to be 84 kcal mol-1. Accordingly, 1 reacts rapidly with a panel of substrates via C-H hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), reducing 1 to [(PyPz)FeII(OH2)2]4+ (2). The second-order rate constant for the reaction of [(PyPz)FeIII(OH) (OH2)]4+ with xanthene was 2.22 × 103 M-1 s-1, 5-6 orders of magnitude faster than other reported FeIII-OH complexes and faster than many ferryl complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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30
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Huang X, Groves JT. Beyond ferryl-mediated hydroxylation: 40 years of the rebound mechanism and C-H activation. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 22:185-207. [PMID: 27909920 PMCID: PMC5350257 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Since our initial report in 1976, the oxygen rebound mechanism has become the consensus mechanistic feature for an expanding variety of enzymatic C-H functionalization reactions and small molecule biomimetic catalysts. For both the biotransformations and models, an initial hydrogen atom abstraction from the substrate (R-H) by high-valent iron-oxo species (Fen=O) generates a substrate radical and a reduced iron hydroxide, [Fen-1-OH ·R]. This caged radical pair then evolves on a complicated energy landscape through a number of reaction pathways, such as oxygen rebound to form R-OH, rebound to a non-oxygen atom affording R-X, electron transfer of the incipient radical to yield a carbocation, R+, desaturation to form olefins, and radical cage escape. These various flavors of the rebound process, often in competition with each other, give rise to the wide range of C-H functionalization reactions performed by iron-containing oxygenases. In this review, we first recount the history of radical rebound mechanisms, their general features, and key intermediates involved. We will discuss in detail the factors that affect the behavior of the initial caged radical pair and the lifetimes of the incipient substrate radicals. Several representative examples of enzymatic C-H transformations are selected to illustrate how the behaviors of the radical pair [Fen-1-OH ·R] determine the eventual reaction outcome. Finally, we discuss the powerful potential of "radical rebound" processes as a general paradigm for developing novel C-H functionalization reactions with synthetic, biomimetic catalysts. We envision that new chemistry will continue to arise by bridging enzymatic "radical rebound" with synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Huang X, Liu W, Hooker JM, Groves JT. Berichtigung: Targeted Fluorination with the Fluoride Ion by Manganese-Catalyzed Decarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Huang X, Liu W, Hooker JM, Groves JT. Corrigendum: Targeted Fluorination with the Fluoride Ion by Manganese‐Catalyzed Decarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14215. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The remarkable aliphatic C-H hydroxylations catalyzed by the heme-containing enzyme, cytochrome P450, have attracted sustained attention for more than four decades. The effectiveness of P450 enzymes as highly selective biocatalysts for a wide range of oxygenation reactions of complex substrates has driven chemists to develop synthetic metalloporphyrin model compounds that mimic P450 reactivity. Among various known metalloporphyrins, manganese derivatives have received considerable attention since they have been shown to be versatile and powerful mediators for alkane hydroxylation and olefin epoxidation. Mechanistic studies have shown that the key intermediates of the manganese porphyrin-catalyzed oxygenation reactions include oxo- and dioxomanganese(V) species that transfer an oxygen atom to the substrate through a hydrogen abstraction/oxygen recombination pathway known as the oxygen rebound mechanism. Application of manganese porphyrins has been largely restricted to catalysis of oxygenation reactions until recently, however, due to ultrafast oxygen transfer rates. In this Account, we discuss recently developed carbon-halogen bond formation, including fluorination reactions catalyzed by manganese porphyrins and related salen species. We found that biphasic sodium hypochlorite/manganese porphyrin systems can efficiently and selectively convert even unactivated aliphatic C-H bonds to C-Cl bonds. An understanding of this novel reactivity derived from results obtained for the oxidation of the mechanistically diagnostic substrate and radical clock, norcarane. Significantly, the oxygen rebound rate in Mn-mediated hydroxylation is highly correlated with the nature of the trans-axial ligands bound to the manganese center (L-Mn(V)═O). Based on the ability of fluoride ion to decelerate the oxygen rebound step, we envisaged that a relatively long-lived substrate radical could be trapped by a Mn-F fluorine source, effecting carbon-fluorine bond formation. Indeed, this idea led to the discovery of the first Mn-catalyzed direct aliphatic C-H fluorination reactions utilizing simple, nucleophilic fluoride salts. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations have revealed a trans-difluoromanganese(IV) species as the key fluorine transfer intermediate. In addition to catalyzing normal (19)F-fluorination reactions, manganese salen complexes were found to enable the incorporation of radioactive (18)F fluorine via C-H activation. This advance represented the first direct Csp(3)-H bond (18)F labeling with no-carrier-added [(18)F]fluoride and facilitated the late-stage labeling of drug molecules for PET imaging. Given the high reactivity and enzymatic-like selectively of metalloporphyrins, we envision that this new Heteroatom-Rebound Catalysis (HRC) strategy will find widespread application in the C-H functionalization arena and serve as an effective tool for forming new carbon-heteroatom bonds at otherwise inaccessible sites in target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Tova M. Bergsten
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
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Abstract
Ferryl porphyrins, P-Fe(IV)═O, are central reactive intermediates in the catalytic cycles of numerous heme proteins and a variety of model systems. There has been considerable interest in elucidating factors, such as terminal oxo basicity, that may control ferryl reactivity. Here, the sulfonated, water-soluble ferryl porphyrin complexes tetramesitylporphyrin, oxoFe(IV)TMPS (FeTMPS-II), its 2,6-dichlorophenyl analogue, oxoFe(IV)TDClPS (FeTDClPS-II), and two other analogues are shown to be protonated under turnover conditions to produce the corresponding bis-aqua-iron(III) porphyrin cation radicals. The results reveal a novel internal electromeric equilibrium, P-Fe(IV)═O ⇆ P(+)-Fe(III)(OH2)2. Reversible pKa values in the range of 4-6.3 have been measured for this process by pH-jump, UV-vis spectroscopy. Ferryl protonation has important ramifications for C-H bond cleavage reactions mediated by oxoiron(IV) porphyrin cation radicals in protic media. Both solvent O-H and substrate C-H deuterium kinetic isotope effects are observed for these reactions, indicating that hydrocarbon oxidation by these oxoiron(IV) porphyrin cation radicals occurs via a solvent proton-coupled hydrogen atom transfer from the substrate that has not been previously described. The effective FeO-H bond dissociation energies for FeTMPS-II and FeTDClPS-II were estimated from similar kinetic reactivities of the corresponding oxoFe(IV)TMPS(+) and oxoFe(IV)TDClPS(+) species to be ∼92-94 kcal/mol. Similar values were calculated from the two-proton P(+)-Fe(III)(OH2)2 pKa(obs) and the porphyrin oxidation potentials, despite a 230 mV range for the iron porphyrins examined. Thus, the iron porphyrin with the lower ring oxidation potential has a compensating higher basicity of the ferryl oxygen. The solvent-derived proton adds significantly to the driving force for C-H bond scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Boaz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Seth R. Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Huang X, Liu W, Hooker JM, Groves JT. Targeted Fluorination with the Fluoride Ion by Manganese-Catalyzed Decarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Huang X, Liu W, Hooker JM, Groves JT. Targeted fluorination with the fluoride ion by manganese-catalyzed decarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5241-5. [PMID: 25736895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first catalytic decarboxylative fluorination reaction based on the nucleophilic fluoride ion. The reported method allows the facile replacement of various aliphatic carboxylic acid groups with fluorine. Moreover, the potential of this method for PET imaging has been demonstrated by the successful (18) F labeling of a variety of carboxylic acids with radiochemical conversions up to 50 %, representing a targeted decarboxylative (18) F labeling method with no-carrier-added [(18) F]fluoride. Mechanistic probes suggest that the reaction proceeds through the interaction of the manganese catalyst with iodine(III) carboxylates formed in situ from iodosylbenzene and the carboxylic acid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 (USA)
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Abstract
The efficient and selective partial oxidation of light alkanes using potassium periodate and potassium chloride is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Munz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | | | - Nicholas C. Boaz
- Department of Chemistry and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
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Stavniichuk R, Shevalye H, Lupachyk S, Obrosov A, Groves JT, Obrosova IG, Yorek MA. Peroxynitrite and protein nitration in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:669-78. [PMID: 24687457 PMCID: PMC4177961 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxynitrite, a product of the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide, causes oxidative stress with concomitant inactivation of enzymes, poly(ADP-ribosylation), mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired stress signalling, as well as protein nitration. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of preventing protein nitration or increasing peroxynitrite decomposition on diabetic neuropathy in mice after an extended period of untreated diabetes. METHODS C57Bl6/J male control and diabetic mice were treated with the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst Fe(III) tetramesitylporphyrin octasulfonate (FeTMPS, 10 mg/kg/day) or protein nitration inhibitor (-)-epicatechin gallate (20 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks, after an initial 28 weeks of hyperglycaemia. RESULTS Untreated diabetic mice developed motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity deficits, thermal and mechanical hypoalgesia, tactile allodynia and loss of intraepidermal nerve fibres. Both FeTMPS and epicatechin gallate partially corrected sensory nerve conduction slowing and small sensory nerve fibre dysfunction without alleviation of hyperglycaemia. Correction of motor nerve conduction deficit and increase in intraepidermal nerve fibre density were found with FeTMPS treatment only. CONCLUSIONS Peroxynitrite injury and protein nitration are implicated in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The findings indicate that both structural and functional changes of chronic diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be reversed and provide rationale for the development of a new generation of antioxidants and peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Stavniichuk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Hanna Shevalye
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Sergey Lupachyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Alexander Obrosov
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544
| | - Irina G. Obrosova
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Mark A. Yorek
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52246
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Konnick MM, Hashiguchi BG, Devarajan D, Boaz NC, Gunnoe TB, Groves JT, Gunsalus N, Ess DH, Periana RA. Selective CH Functionalization of Methane, Ethane, and Propane by a Perfluoroarene Iodine(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10490-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Konnick MM, Hashiguchi BG, Devarajan D, Boaz NC, Gunnoe TB, Groves JT, Gunsalus N, Ess DH, Periana RA. Selective CH Functionalization of Methane, Ethane, and Propane by a Perfluoroarene Iodine(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Nicholas C Boaz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Fortman GC, Boaz NC, Munz D, Konnick MM, Periana RA, Groves JT, Gunnoe TB. Selective Monooxidation of Light Alkanes Using Chloride and Iodate. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8393-401. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502657g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George C. Fortman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nicholas C. Boaz
- Department
of Chemistry and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology
of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Dominik Munz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | | | - Roy A. Periana
- Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department
of Chemistry and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology
of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Huang X, Liu W, Ren H, Neelamegam R, Hooker JM, Groves JT. Late stage benzylic C-H fluorination with [¹⁸F]fluoride for PET imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6842-5. [PMID: 24766544 DOI: 10.1021/ja5039819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first late-stage (18)F labeling chemistry for aliphatic C-H bonds with no-carrier-added [(18)F]fluoride. The method uses Mn(salen)OTs as an F-transfer catalyst and enables the facile labeling of a variety of bioactive molecules and building blocks with radiochemical yields (RCY) ranging from 20% to 72% within 10 min without the need for preactivation of the labeling precursor. Notably, the catalyst itself can directly elute [(18)F]fluoride from an ion exchange cartridge with over 90% efficiency. Using this feature, the conventional and laborious dry-down step prior to reaction is circumvented, greatly simplifying the mechanics of this protocol and shortening the time for automated synthesis. Eight drug molecules, including COX, ACE, MAO, and PDE inhibitors, have been successfully [(18)F]-labeled in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Pahls DR, Groves JT, Gunnoe TB, Cundari TR. Theoretical Study of Reductive Functionalization of Methyl Ligands of Group 9 Complexes Supported by Two Bipyridyl Ligands: A Key Step in Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om4010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dale R. Pahls
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced
Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, 1155
Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced
Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, 1155
Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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O'Reilly ME, Pahls DR, Webb JR, Boaz NC, Majumdar S, Hoff CD, Groves JT, Cundari TR, Gunnoe TB. Reductive functionalization of a rhodium(iii)–methyl bond by electronic modification of the supporting ligand. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8273-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Fluorination is a reaction that is useful in improving the chemical stability and changing the binding affinity of biologically active compounds. The protocol described here can be used to replace aliphatic, C(sp(3))-H hydrogen in small molecules with fluorine. Notably, isolated methylene groups and unactivated benzylic sites are accessible. The method uses readily available manganese porphyrin and manganese salen catalysts and various fluoride ion reagents, including silver fluoride (AgF), tetrabutylammonium fluoride and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (TREAT·HF), as the source of fluorine. Typically, the reactions afford 50-70% yield of mono-fluorinated products in one step. Two representative examples, the fragrance component celestolide and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen, are described; they produced useful isolated quantities (250-300 mg, ~50% yield) of fluorinated material over periods of 1-8 h. The procedures are performed in a typical fume hood using ordinary laboratory glassware. No special precautions to rigorously exclude water are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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