1
|
Abstract
Dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazinone rings are a class of heterocycles present in a wide range of bioactive natural products and analogues thereof. As a direct result of their bioactivity, the synthesis of this privileged class of compounds has been extensively studied. This review provides an overview of these synthetic pathways. The literature is covered up until 2020 and is organized according to the specific strategies used to construct the scaffold: fusing a pyrazinone to an existing pyrrole, employing a pyrazinone-first strategy, an array of multicomponent reactions and some miscellaneous reactions.
Collapse
|
2
|
Morimoto K. Metal-Free Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reaction of Heteroaromatic and Related Compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1259-1270. [PMID: 31787652 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biary unit having heteroatom as important scaffolds widely exist in a large number of biologically active compounds and functional organic molecules. Since the cross-coupling is a useful synthetic method for constructing biaryl and heterobiaryl structures, the development of novel cross-coupling methods has been studied intensively. The oxidative biaryl coupling reaction of aromatic compounds having heteroatoms is an attractive method since they do not require the prefunctionalization of arenes. This report describes recent advances in hypervalent iodine(III) induced metal-free synthesis of biaryls having heteroatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Morimoto
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University.,Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leng J, Xu H, Meng J, Luo X, Deng WP. Transition-metal-free synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives via [4 + 1] annulation of β-keto acids (C1 synthon) and α,β-unsaturated imines. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
4
|
|
5
|
Morimoto K, Ohnishi Y, Koseki D, Nakamura A, Dohi T, Kita Y. Stabilized pyrrolyl iodonium salts and metal-free oxidative cross-coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:8947-8951. [PMID: 27722732 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrole-aryl derivatives are important due to their unique biological activities in medicinal chemistry. We now report a new oxidative biaryl coupling for pyrroles and indoles toward various arenes using a hypervalent iodine reagent and an appropriate stabilizer for pyrrolyl iodonium intermediates. The reactions readily provide a variety of desired coupling products in good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Morimoto
- Ritsumeikan University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohnishi
- Ritsumeikan University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daichi Koseki
- Ritsumeikan University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Ritsumeikan University, Research Organization of Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- Ritsumeikan University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kita
- Ritsumeikan University, Research Organization of Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang ZP, He Y, Shao PL. Transition-metal-free synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives via cyclization of methyl isocyanoacetate with aurone analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5422-5426. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free, operationally simple and atom-economic protocol that converts isocyanoacetates and aurones to 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles catalyzed by NaOH was presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Lin Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- People's Republic of China
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kita Y, Morimoto K, Kamitanaka T, Dohi T. Metal-Free Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Pyrroles with Electron-Rich Arenes Using Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(t)52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Yamamoto Y, Nakazaki A, Nishikawa T. New regiocontrolled syntheses of pyrrolopyrazinones and its application to the synthesis of peramine. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
9
|
Iwata M, Kamijoh Y, Yamamoto E, Yamanaka M, Nagasawa K. Total Synthesis of Pyrrole–Imidazole Alkaloid (+)-Cylindradine B. Org Lett 2017; 19:420-423. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Iwata
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei
City, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamijoh
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei
City, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Eri Yamamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei
City, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lindel T. Chemistry and Biology of the Pyrrole–Imidazole Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2017; 77:117-219. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
11
|
Ma Y, Yan Z, Bian C, Li K, Zhang X, Wang M, Gao X, Zhang H, Lei A. Synthesis of oxazoles by silver catalysed oxidative decarboxylation–cyclization of α-oxocarboxylates and isocyanides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10524-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This work developed a silver catalysed synthesis of oxazoles by the oxidative decarboxylation–cyclization of α-oxocarboxylates and isocyanides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Changliang Bian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Mengfan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kalmode HP, Vadagaonkar KS, Murugan K, Chaskar AC. A multicomponent pathway-inspired regioselective synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted 1H-pyrroles via [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An operationally simple, functional group tolerant and highly efficient domino protocol for the synthesis of pyrroles has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman P. Kalmode
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | | | | | - Atul C. Chaskar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
- National Taiwan University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kalmode HP, Vadagaonkar KS, Murugan K, Prakash S, Chaskar AC. Deep eutectic solvent: a simple, environmentally benign reaction media for regioselective synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted 1H-pyrroles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A greener, rapid and highly efficient synthetic protocol for the construction of pyrroles has been achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman P. Kalmode
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | | | | | - Sattey Prakash
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | - Atul C. Chaskar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Treder AP, Tremblay MC, Yudin AK, Marsault E. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Piperazinones via Disrupted Ugi Condensation. Org Lett 2014; 16:4674-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5023118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Treder
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Marie-Claude Tremblay
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Davenport Building, rm. 362, 80
St. George, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Ma Z, Wang X, De S, Ma Y, Chen C. Dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids: synthetic approaches and biosynthetic hypotheses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8628-39. [PMID: 24828265 PMCID: PMC4096073 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids are a group of structurally unique and biologically interesting marine sponge metabolites. Among them, the cyclic dimers have caught synthetic chemists' attention particularly. Numerous synthetic strategies have been developed and various biosynthetic hypotheses have been proposed for these fascinating natural products. We discuss herein the synthetic approaches and the biosynthetic insights obtained from these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu P, Liu JL, Wang HS, Pan YM, Liang H, Chen ZF. Copper-mediated cross-coupling–cyclization–oxidation: a one-pot reaction to construct polysubstituted pyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4795-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48728h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
17
|
M. Beauchemin A, Das Neves N, Raymond M. Expedient Synthesis of 2-Oxopiperazines Using a SN2 / Cope-Type Hydroamination Sequence. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Iwata M, Kanoh K, Imaoka T, Nagasawa K. Total synthesis of (+)-cylindradine A. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6991-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cylindradines A and B, members of the polycyclic pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids (PIAs), are the only congeners bearing a 3-carbamoylpyrrole unit among the PIAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Iwata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science
- Faculty of Technology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kanoh
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science
- Faculty of Technology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei, Japan
| | - Takuya Imaoka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science
- Faculty of Technology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science
- Faculty of Technology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yeh MCP, Lin MN, Hsu CH, Liang CJ. Syntheses of 3,4-Disubstituted Pyrroles and Furans via Lewis Acid-Promoted Semipinacol Rearrangement/Alkyne-Ketone Metathesis Reaction of (C)-2-N- or O-((3-Arylpropargyl)methyl)-Tethered 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2,3-epoxycyclohexan-1-ones. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12381-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402025z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang P. Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ding-Jou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Nan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ding-Jou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ding-Jou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Jung Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ding-Jou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Imaoka T, Iwata M, Akimoto T, Nagasawa K. Synthetic Approaches to Tetracyclic Pyrrole Imidazole Marine Alkaloids. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroidin derived pyrrole imidazole marine alkaloids (PIAs) are attractive targets for synthetic organic chemists because of their structural complexity and diversity as well as their interesting biological activities. A number of efforts have been carried out to develop strategies for the synthesis of these natural products. Members of PIAs ( eg., 2-7) which contain tetracyclic ring systems possessing characteristic cyclic guanidine or urea moieties show significant biological activities including anticancer activity and agonistic activity against the adrenoceptor. In this review investigations of the total synthesis of the representative tetracyclic PIAs dibromophakellin (2) and dibromophakellstatin (3) are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Imaoka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 2-24-16 Nakamachi Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Makoto Iwata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 2-24-16 Nakamachi Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Takafumi Akimoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 2-24-16 Nakamachi Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 2-24-16 Nakamachi Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao M, He C, Chen H, Bai R, Cheng B, Lei A. Synthesis of Pyrroles by Click Reaction: Silver-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Terminal Alkynes with Isocyanides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6958-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
22
|
Gao M, He C, Chen H, Bai R, Cheng B, Lei A. Synthesis of Pyrroles by Click Reaction: Silver-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Terminal Alkynes with Isocyanides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
23
|
Gabrielli S, Ballini R, Palmieri A. β-Nitroacrylates as key building blocks for the synthesis of alkyl 3-substituted 5-oxopiperazine-2-carboxylates under fully heterogeneous conditions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. Recent advances in the chemoselective reduction of functional groups mediated by samarium(ii) iodide: a single electron transfer approach. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:9155-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
25
|
Tang X, Huang L, Qi C, Wu W, Jiang H. An efficient synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles via copper-catalyzed coupling of oxime acetates with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates under aerobic conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9597-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44896g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
26
|
An efficient entry to highly substituted chiral 2-oxopiperazines from α-amino acids via iodocyclization. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Chen DYK, Youn SW. C-H activation: a complementary tool in the total synthesis of complex natural products. Chemistry 2012; 18:9452-74. [PMID: 22736530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of transition-metal mediated C-H activation is revolutionizing the synthetic field and gradually infusing a "C-H activation mind-set" in both students and practitioners of organic synthesis. As a powerful testament of this emerging synthetic tool, applications of C-H activation in the context of total synthesis of complex natural products are beginning to blossom. Herein, recently completed total syntheses showcasing creative and ingenious incorporation of C-H activation as a strategic manoeuver are compared with their "non-C-H activation" counterparts, illuminating a new paradigm in strategic synthetic design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Y-K Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lansdell TA, Hewlett NM, Skoumbourdis AP, Fodor MD, Seiple IB, Su S, Baran PS, Feldman KS, Tepe JJ. Palau'amine and related oroidin alkaloids dibromophakellin and dibromophakellstatin inhibit the human 20S proteasome. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:980-985. [PMID: 22591513 PMCID: PMC3367325 DOI: 10.1021/np300231f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report herein that the oroidin-derived alkaloids palau'amine (1), dibromophakellin (2), and dibromophakellstatin (3) inhibit the proteolytic activity of the human 20S proteasome as well as the (i)20S immunoproteasome catalytic core. Palau'amine is found to prevent the degradation of ubiquitinylated proteins, including IκBα, in cell culture, which may be indicative of the potential mechanism by which these agents exhibit their exciting cytotoxic and immunosuppressive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A. Lansdell
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | - Nicole M. Hewlett
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | | | - Matthew D. Fodor
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Ian B. Seiple
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Shun Su
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Phil. S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ken S. Feldman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hewlett NM, Tepe JJ. Total synthesis of the natural product (±)-dibromophakellin and analogues. Org Lett 2011; 13:4550-3. [PMID: 21797255 DOI: 10.1021/ol201741r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(±)-Dibromophakellin has been synthesized in two steps from a known alkene intermediate. The key step in the synthesis is the NBS olefin activation to facilitate the addition of a guanidine molecule across the double bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hewlett
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liao Q, Zhang L, Wang F, Li S, Xi C. Copper-Catalyzed Double N-Vinylation of Aromatic Amines: An Efficient Synthesis of Various Substituted N-Arylpyrroles. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
Imaoka T, Akimoto T, Iwamoto O, Nagasawa K. Total Synthesis of (+)-Dibromophakellin and (+)-Dibromophakellstatin. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1810-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Thirumalairajan S, Pearce BM, Thompson A. Chiral molecules containing the pyrrole framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1797-812. [DOI: 10.1039/b926045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic routes to chiral molecules containing a pyrrolic ring are discussed: strategies include formation of the pyrrole ring using starting materials appended with chirality, as well as the attachment of chirality to a pre-formed pyrrole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth M. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry
- Dalhousie University
- Halifax
- Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Young IS, Thornton PD, Thompson A. Synthesis of natural products containing the pyrrolic ring. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1801-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Du X, Xie X, Liu Y. Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynylaziridines as an Efficient Approach toward Functionalized N-Phth Pyrroles. J Org Chem 2009; 75:510-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902357x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A submarine journey: the pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2009; 7:705-53. [PMID: 20098608 PMCID: PMC2810223 DOI: 10.3390/md7040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In his most celebrated tale "The Picture of Dorian Gray", Oscar Wilde stated that "those who go beneath the surface do so at their peril". This sentence could be a prophetical warning for the practitioner who voluntarily challenges himself with trying to synthesize marine sponge-deriving pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. This now nearly triple-digit membered community has been growing exponentially in the last 20 years, both in terms of new representatives and topological complexity--from simple, achiral oroidin to the breathtaking 12-ring stylissadines A and B, each possessing 16 stereocenters. While the biosynthesis and the role in the sponge economy of most of these alkaloids still lies in the realm of speculations, significant biological activities for some of them have clearly emerged. This review will account for the progress in achieving the total synthesis of the more biologically enticing members of this class of natural products.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nicolaou K, Ellery S, Chen J. Samariumdiiodid-vermittelte Reaktionen in der Totalsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Imaoka T, Iwamoto O, Noguchi KI, Nagasawa K. Total Synthesis of (+)-Dibromophakellin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3799-801. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Lygin A, Larionov O, Korotkov V, de Meijere A. Oligosubstituted Pyrroles Directly from Substituted Methyl Isocyanides and Acetylenes. Chemistry 2009; 15:227-36. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
40
|
Abstract
Introduced by Henri Kagan more than three decades ago, samarium diiodide (SmI(2)) has found increasing application in chemical synthesis. This single-electron reducing agent has been particularly useful in C-C bond formations, including those found in total synthesis endeavors. This Review highlights selected applications of SmI(2) in total synthesis, with special emphasis on novel transformations and mechanistic considerations. The examples discussed are both illustrative of the power of this reagent in the construction of complex molecules and inspirational for the design of synthetic strategies toward such targets, both natural and designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu Y, Fu X, Chen H, Du X, Jia X, Liu Y. An Efficient Domino Approach for the Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyrroles via Gold/Silver-Catalyzed Amination/Cycloisomerization of (Z)-2-En-4-yn-1-ols. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
42
|
Wang S, Romo D. Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-Monobromophakellin and (+)-Phakellin: A Concise Phakellin Annulation Strategy Applicable to Palau'amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
43
|
Wang S, Romo D. Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-Monobromophakellin and (+)-Phakellin: A Concise Phakellin Annulation Strategy Applicable to Palau'amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1284-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
44
|
Synthesis of enantiopure vicinal diaminoesters and ketopiperazines from N-sulfinylimidazolidines. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
45
|
Lu J, Tan X, Chen C. Palladium-catalyzed direct functionalization of imidazolinone: synthesis of dibromophakellstatin. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:7768-9. [PMID: 17539649 PMCID: PMC2613486 DOI: 10.1021/ja072844p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct C-H functionalization of imidazolinone is achieved with Pd(OAc)2/NaOAc in DMSO. Dibromophakellstatin can be synthesized in 5 steps with 40% overall yield using this new C-H activation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Weinreb SM. Some recent advances in the synthesis of polycyclic imidazole-containing marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:931-48. [PMID: 17898890 DOI: 10.1039/b700206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Highlight describes some of the recent synthetic work on imidazole-containing alkaloids isolated from marine sponges. Target molecules have been chosen which demonstrate synthetic strategies leading towards metabolites containing intact imidazole moieties as well as systems bearing modified imidazole rings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Weinreb
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pratap R, Roy AD, Roy R, Ram VJ. A novel synthesis of aryl tethered imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ones through in situ ring construction and contraction. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
An overview of marine natural products synthesis during 2005 is provided. In a similar vein to earlier installments in this series, the emphasis is on total syntheses of molecules of contemporary interest, new total syntheses, and syntheses that have resulted in structure confirmation or stereochemical assignments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Morris
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 5005
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ohta S, Khadeer A, Kakuno A, Kawasaki I, Yamashita M. Regio- and Stereoselective Head-to-Head Photo[2+2]cycloaddition of 3-(1-Methyl-2-phenylsulfanyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)propenoates. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-10964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
50
|
Atodiresei I, Zöllinger M, Lindel T, Fleischhauer J, Raabe G. Quantum-chemical calculations on the electronic circular dichroism of (−)-dibromophakellin and (−)-dibromophakell-statin. Chirality 2007; 19:542-9. [PMID: 17487888 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The CD spectra of the pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids, (-)-dibromophakellin and (-)-dibromophakellstatin, have been calculated employing the quantum-chemical time-dependent density functional theory. Comparison of calculated and measured spectra showed that this well-established method is also a useful tool to elucidate the absolute stereochemistry of this class of compounds. The computational results have further been used to analyze the spectra measured in methanol and to explain the remarkable red shift of one CD band when trifluoroethanol is used as a solvent instead of methanol.
Collapse
|