1
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Tian X, Liu Y, Yakubov S, Schütte J, Chiba S, Barham JP. Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for the activations of strong chemical bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:263-316. [PMID: 38059728 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The employment of light and/or electricity - alternatively to conventional thermal energy - unlocks new reactivity paradigms as tools for chemical substrate activations. This leads to the development of new synthetic reactions and a vast expansion of chemical spaces. This review summarizes recent developments in photo- and/or electrochemical activation strategies for the functionalization of strong bonds - particularly carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds - via: (1) direct photoexcitation by high energy UV light; (2) activation via photoredox catalysis under irradiation with relatively lower energy UVA or blue light; (3) electrochemical reduction; (4) combination of photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Based on the types of the targeted C-X bonds, various transformations ranging from hydrodefunctionalization to cross-coupling are covered with detailed discussions of their reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Yuliang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Schütte
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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2
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Singh P, Shaikh AC. Photochemical Sonogashira coupling reactions: beyond traditional palladium-copper catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11615-11630. [PMID: 37697801 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03855f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Sonogashira coupling is one of the Nobel reactions discovered in 1975 to form a C-C bond using palladium and copper as co-catalysts. Incorporating alkyne functionalities either in macro or micro molecules by using this Sonogashira reaction has already proven its viability and relevance in the sphere of synthetic chemistry. While aiming for sustainable chemistry, in recent years, visible light photoredox catalysts have appeared as an advanced tool in this regard. In this review, we aim to portray a comprehensive summary of modern visible light photo redox catalyzed Sonogashira reaction, which will leave space for the readers to rethink alternative strategies to conduct the Sonogashira reaction. This review briefly describes the implementation of various metal-based nanomaterial photocatalysts, developing either copper or palladium-free photocatalytic methods, and organo-photolytic and bioinspired photocatalysts for the Sonogashira coupling reactions. Besides, this review also gives a concise overview of the mechanistic aspects and highlights selective examples for substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab-140 001, India.
| | - Aslam C Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab-140 001, India.
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3
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Sun W, Wilding-Steele L, Brown RCD, Harrowven DC. Aryl-aryl cross-coupling reactions without reagents or catalysts: photocyclization of ortho-iodoaryl ethers and related compounds via triplet aryl cation intermediates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10797-10800. [PMID: 37594190 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03271j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyclisations of benzyl ortho-iodoaryl ethers to benzo[c]chromenes can be effected without reagents or catalysts by irradiation with UVC under flow. Reactions proceed via triplet aryl cation generation, 5-exo and 3-exo-cyclisations, and rearomatisation. They have wide scope, are easy to effect and extend to a myriad of related ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Luke Wilding-Steele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Richard C D Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - David C Harrowven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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4
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MOF-253 immobilized Pd and Cu as recyclable and efficient green catalysts for Sonogashira reaction. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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5
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Bonesi SM, Protti S, Capucciati A, Fagnoni M. Photogenerated aryl mesylate and aryl diethyl phosphate radical cations: a time-resolved spectroscopy investigation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01755e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced electron transfer reaction of selected aryl sulfonates and phosphates with K2S2O8 in a MeCN water (9 : 1) mixture has been investigated by LFP experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M. Bonesi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V.leTaramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V.leTaramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V.leTaramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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6
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Dou Q, Geng L, Cheng B, Li CJ, Zeng H. Photoinduced transition-metal and external photosensitizer free cross-coupling of aryl triflates with trialkyl phosphites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8429-8432. [PMID: 34346433 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03496k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced phosphonation of aryl triflates with trialkyl phosphites via a tandem single-electron-transfer, C-O bond cleavage and Arbuzov rearrangement process in the absence of transition-metal and external photosensitizer is reported herein. The protocol features good functional group compatibility and mild reaction conditions, providing various aryl phosphates in good to high yields. Furthermore, this strategy allows the late-stage phosphonation of complex and biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dou
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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7
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Li CJ. Organozinc-mediated direct cross-coupling under microwave irradiation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198211026479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a direct cross-coupling reaction between (het)aryl pivalates/tosylates and di(het)arylzinc species in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran/ N-methyl pyrrolidone (1:1), which occurs via C–O bond cleavage under microwave irradiation. The reaction takes place smoothly in short reaction times without the addition of any catalyst or ligand. The reaction is suitable for a broad scope of substrates and exhibits good functional group compatibility, utilizes a simple work-up procedure, and gives the desired products in high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
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8
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Bonesi S, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Photohomolysis and Photoheterolysis in Aryl Sulfonates and Aryl Phosphates. Chemistry 2021; 27:6315-6323. [PMID: 33481315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical behaviour of selected aryl sulfonates and phosphates (ArOX) in polar and nonpolar media has been investigated by laser flash photolysis (LFP) experiments. Two main pathways have been identified, namely the photohomolysis of the ArO-X bond or the photoheterolysis of the Ar-OX bond depending on the nature of the leaving group (OX) and on the nature of the substituents on the aromatic ring. In nonpolar solvents the esters are quite photostable due to an efficient triplet deactivation. In polar solvents, the homolytic fragmentation of the ArO-S bond from the exited singlets was found in aryl sulfonates bearing moderately electron-donating groups as well as electron-withdrawing groups. In electron-rich aryl phosphates and sulfonates photoheterolysis of the Ar-OP/Ar-OS bond took place as the exclusive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bonesi
- Department of Chemistry, PhotoGreen Lab, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, 3er Piso, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department of Chemistry, PhotoGreen Lab, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department of Chemistry, PhotoGreen Lab, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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9
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Mohjer F, Mofatehnia P, Rangraz Y, Heravi MM. Pd-free, Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. An update. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Abstract
A protocol for photoinduced cross-coupling of aryl iodides having polar π-functional groups or elongated π-conjugation with alkenes has been developed. The radical cascade mechanism involving generation of aryl radicals via C-I bond homolysis of photoexcited aryl iodides and their subsequent addition to alkenes is proposed. The method enables iodide-selective cross-coupling over other halogen leaving groups with functional group compatibility on both arene and alkene motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Haoyu Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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11
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Chen J, Zhang X, Wu J, Wang R, Lei C, An Y. Facile one-pot synthesis of diarylacetylenes from arylaldehydes via an addition-double elimination process. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4701-4705. [PMID: 33988213 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical one-pot protocol has been developed to synthesize diarylacetylenes from arylaldehydes by treatment with 1-(arylmethyl)benzotriazoles and LiN(SiMe3)2. The reaction proceeded through imine formation, Mannich-type addition and double elimination to deliver products in up to 99% yields with broad substrate scope. In addition, gram-scale synthesis of 1-bromo-4-(phenylethynyl)benzene has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China.
| | - Chunlin Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China.
| | - Yanan An
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
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12
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Sarkar B, Vougioukalakis GC, Tonis E, Stein F, Stamatopoulos IK, Stubbe J, Zarkadoulas A. A Palladium-Free Sonogashira Coupling Protocol Employing an In Situ Prepared Copper/Chelating 1,2,3-Triazolylidene System. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1290-8469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new, palladium-free Sonogashira coupling reaction protocol using a catalytic system that comprises a simple, cheap, widely available copper salt and a chelating 1,2,3-triazolylidene ligand precursor is reported. This protocol provides the desired coupling products in moderate to very good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin
- Chair of Inorganic Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart
| | - Georgios C. Vougioukalakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Efstathios Tonis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Felix Stein
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Ioannis K. Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Jessica Stubbe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Athanasios Zarkadoulas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Raviola
- PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
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14
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Qiu Z, Li CJ. Transformations of Less-Activated Phenols and Phenol Derivatives via C–O Cleavage. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10454-10515. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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15
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Deol H, Singh G, Kumar M, Bhalla V. Phenazine-Based Donor Acceptor Systems as Organic Photocatalysts for “Metal-free” C–N/C–C Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11080-11093. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harnimarta Deol
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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16
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Petzold D, Giedyk M, Chatterjee A, König B. A Retrosynthetic Approach for Photocatalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petzold
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Maciej Giedyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01‐224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anamitra Chatterjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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17
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Liu W, Li J, Huang C, Li C. Aromatic Chemistry in the Excited State: Facilitating Metal‐Free Substitutions and Cross‐Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and CatalysisMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and CatalysisMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chia‐Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and CatalysisMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao‐Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and CatalysisMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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18
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Miao R, Wang D, Xiao J, Ma J, Xue D, Liu F, Fang Y. Halogen bonding matters: visible light-induced photoredox catalyst-free aryl radical formation and its applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10212-10218. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding facilitated aryl halide activation for photoredox catalyst-free visible light-driven reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
- People's Republic of China
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19
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Patel SB, Vasava DV. Synthesis and Characterization of Ag@g−C
3
N
4
and Its Photocatalytic Evolution in Visible Light Driven Synthesis Of Ynone. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil B. Patel
- School of Sciences Department of chemistryGujarat University Navrangpura Ahmedabad- 380009 India
| | - Dilip V. Vasava
- School of Sciences Department of chemistryGujarat University Navrangpura Ahmedabad- 380009 India
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20
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Liu W, Li J, Huang CY, Li CJ. Aromatic Chemistry in the Excited State: Facilitating Metal-Free Substitutions and Cross-Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1786-1796. [PMID: 31432596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-couplings between aromatic electrophiles and nucleophiles have revolutionized modern chemical syntheses. Nevertheless, transition-metal-free approaches are preferable, considering the various issues caused by metal catalysts. This Minireview summarizes the recent progress in the light-enabled transition-metal-free formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in aromatics, which opens a new avenue in aromatic reactions. From the mechanistic perspective, it classifies different reaction types of aryl electrophiles in an excited state with various nucleophiles. We believe this will provide more rationales for metal-free aromatic substitutions and cross-couplings with light, and guide the development of novel transformations of aromatic compounds facilitated by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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21
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Nath I, Chakraborty J, Khan A, Arshad MN, Azum N, Rab MA, Asiri AM, Alamry KA, Verpoort F. Conjugated mesoporous polyazobenzene–Pd(II) composite: A potential catalyst for visible-light-induced Sonogashira coupling. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Liu W, Ma D, Guo H, Gu G. UV-induced catalyst-free intramolecular formal Heck reaction. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Jia Z, Yuan Y, Zong X, Wu B, Ma J. Photo-promoted transition metal-free organic transformations in the absence of conventional photo-sensitizers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Pan H, Ge H, He R, Huang W, Wang L, Wei Y, Sa R, Wang Y, Yuan R. Photo‐Induced Chloride Atom Transfer Radical Addition and Aminocarbonylation Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Huaqi Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Weichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Lele Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Yingcong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Rongjian Sa
- Institute of Oceanography Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
| | - Yan‐Jie Wang
- School of Environment & Civil EngineeringDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 PR China
| | - Rusheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 PR China
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26
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Li Y, Feng X, Li Z. Visible-light-initiated Sonogashira coupling reactions over CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites with different weight ratios of CuO were obtained by immersing TiO2 in aqueous solution of Cu(NO3)2, followed by heat treatment at 400 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Xue Feng
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
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27
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Gu Q, Jia Q, Long J, Gao Z. Heterogeneous Photocatalyzed C−C Cross-coupling Reactions Under Visible-light and Near-infrared Light Irradiation. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; No. 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 P.R. China
| | - Qiaohui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; No. 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment; Fuzhou University; Xueyuan Road 2 Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; No. 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 P.R. China
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28
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Chen X, Yang F, Cui X, Wu Y. Potassium Hydroxide-Catalyzed Alkynylation of Heteroaromatic N-Oxides with Terminal Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 Peoples Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 Peoples Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Chinese Education Ministry, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Ocean and Gene Drugs; Institute of Molecular Medicine of Huaqiao University; Xiamen, Fujian 361021 Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 Peoples Republic of China
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29
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Lazzaroni S, Ravelli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Albini A. Photochemical synthesis: Using light to build C–C bonds under mild conditions. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Chen LW, Xie JL, Song HJ, Liu YX, Gu YC, Wang QM. Pd-Catalyzed cycloisomerization/nucleophilic addition/reduction: an efficient method for the synthesis of spiro-pseudoindoxyls containing N,N′-ketal. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00272f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of C2-spiropseudoindoxyls was developed and a possible mechanism was given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre
- Bracknell
- UK
| | - Qing-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
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31
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Skonieczny K, Gryko DT. Light-Induced Direct Arylation in the Solid Crystalline State as a Strategy Towards π-Expanded Imidazoles. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2513-7. [PMID: 27452918 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Expanded imidazoles bearing the 2-iodophenyl substituent at position 2 undergo direct photoinduced intramolecular arylation in the solid, crystalline state leading to large non-planar heterocycles. An analogous reaction employing 2-bromophenyl and 2-chlorophenyl substituents is considerably slower. Such processes have never before been demonstrated to occur in crystals and have allowed the efficient synthesizes of structurally unique compounds containing either the phenanthro[9',10':4,5]imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine moiety or structurally related skeletons. The reaction occurs in the thin crystalline layers irradiated with UV photons in an almost quantitative manner over 48-72 h. Several previously unknown architectures have been prepared using this methodology. Furthermore, the optical properties of these π-expanded imidazoles can be altered with the addition of heteroatoms and/or electron-donating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801
Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801
Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and
FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801
Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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33
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Ravelli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Reactions via Photogenerated Intermediates. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9850-913. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ravelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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34
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Palladium-free Sonogashira-type cross-coupling reaction of bromoisoxazolines or N-alkoxyimidoyl bromides and alkynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Qiu G, Li Y, Wu J. Recent developments for the photoinduced Ar–X bond dissociation reaction. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00103c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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36
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Chen K, Cheung MS, Lin Z, Li P. Metal-free borylation of electron-rich aryl (pseudo)halides under continuous-flow photolytic conditions. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical borylation of electron-rich aryl (pseudo)halides via a triplet aryl cation mechanism has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Center for Organic Chemistry
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST) and Frontier Institute of Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Man Sing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Center for Organic Chemistry
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST) and Frontier Institute of Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
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37
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Munoz SB, Aloia AN, Moore AK, Papp A, Mathew T, Fustero S, Olah GA, Surya Prakash GK. Synthesis of 3-substituted isoindolin-1-ones via a tandem desilylation, cross-coupling, hydroamidation sequence under aqueous phase-transfer conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:85-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02187a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reports the synthesis of 3-methylene-isoindolin-1-ones 4 under aqueous phase-transfer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Socrates B. Munoz
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Alexandra N. Aloia
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Alexander K. Moore
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Attila Papp
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Thomas Mathew
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Valencia and Laboratorio de Moleculas Organicas
- E-46012 Valencia
- Spain
| | - George A. Olah
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - G. K. Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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38
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Skonieczny K, Gryko DT. Photochemical Conversion of Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles into π-Expanded Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5753-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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39
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Das S, Samanta S, Ray S, Biswas P. 3,6-Di(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine capped Pd(0) nanoparticles: a catalyst for copper-free Sonogashira coupling of aryl halides in aqueous medium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3,6-Di(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (pytz) capped Pd(0) nanoparticles (TzPdNPs) act as a catalyst in Sonogashira coupling under copper- and ligand-free conditions in aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah
- India
| | - Suvendu Samanta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah
- India
| | - Shounak Ray
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah
- India
| | - Papu Biswas
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah
- India
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40
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Wang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhang J, Kang Y, Peng J. Synthesis of 7a-phenyl-1a,7a-dihydro-benzopyrano[2,3-b]azirin-7-ones via photoisomerization reaction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An environmentally friendly and novel protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 7a-phenyl-1a,7a-phenyl-benzopyrano[2,3-b]azirin-7-ones in moderate to high yieldsviathe photoisomerization of 4-phenyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuya Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
| | - Zunting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
| | - Yang Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
| | - Jufang Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
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41
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Crespi S, Ravelli D, Protti S, Albini A, Fagnoni M. Competing pathways in the photogeneration of didehydrotoluenes from (Trimethylsilylmethyl)aryl sulfonates and phosphates. Chemistry 2014; 20:17572-8. [PMID: 25358804 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The scope of the photochemical generation of α,n-didehydrotoluene diradicals from aryl sulfonates and phosphates and their chemistry are explored. The thermally inaccessible α,2- and α,4- intermediates are efficiently obtained by irradiation of ortho- and para-(trimethylsilylmethyl)phenyl triflates through heterolytic splitting of the ester anion from the substrate in the triplet state. Triplet phenyl cations are formed and the loss of trimethylsilyl cation from them affords the desired diradicals ((3) Me3 SiCH2 C6 H4 -OZ→(3) Me3 SiCH2 C6 H4 (+) →(⋅) CH2 C6 H4 (⋅)). Triplet sensitization is required, for which acetone is used throughout. Direct irradiation leads, on the contrary, to photo-Fries fragmentation ((1) Me3 SiCH2 C6 H4 O-Z→Me3 SiCH2 C6 H4 O(⋅) +Z(⋅)). With mesylates, where ester cleavage is less convenient, a further competition from the triplet is direct desilylation. Didehydrotoluenes are also obtained from the corresponding phosphates, although with poor efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia (Italy)
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42
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Karak M, Barbosa LCA, Hargaden GC. Recent mechanistic developments and next generation catalysts for the Sonogashira coupling reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Liang Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center, Peking University , 202 Chengfu Road, 098#, Beijing 100871, China
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44
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45
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Steffen A, Ward RM, Tay MG, Edkins RM, Seeler F, van Leeuwen M, Pålsson LO, Beeby A, Batsanov AS, Howard JAK, Marder TB. Regiospecific Formation and Unusual Optical Properties of 2,5-Bis(arylethynyl)rhodacyclopentadienes: A New Class of Luminescent Organometallics. Chemistry 2014; 20:3652-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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D Arancon RA, Sze Ki Lin C, Vargas C, Luque R. To be or not to be metal-free: trends and advances in coupling chemistries. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 12:10-35. [PMID: 24217496 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coupling reactions have been part of several extensive studies in order to develop innovative and greener protocols that can generate a wide range of compounds with applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and biologically active compounds. Metal-free couplings are an important and increasingly trendy field that has attracted a significant deal of interest in recent years, generating a lot of controversy on the issue of whether metal free is really free. Aside from focusing on such a controversial topic itself, this contribution aims to provide a brief introduction on coupling chemistry to point out the transition of this technology from metal-catalyzed to metal-free. This is followed by a range of key selected synthetically useful metal-free processes and a brief commentary on the current debate of whether metal-free reactions are really metal-free and the required experiments for a full understanding of a metal-free coupling process.
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47
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Shen YM, Grampp G, Tao FF, He ND, Chen DQ, Ye M. Photoinduced regioselective arylation of N-vinyllactams and methylthiazoles by tetrachlorophthalimides. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Jin G, Zhang X, Cao S. Transition-Metal-Free Sonogashira-Type Cross-Coupling of Alkynes with Fluoroarenes. Org Lett 2013; 15:3114-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401317m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuxue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Song Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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49
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Majek M, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Lichtvermittelte kupferkatalysierte C-C- und C-N-Bindungsknüpfung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Majek M, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Ambient-Light-Mediated Copper-Catalyzed CC and CN Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5919-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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