1
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Sumran G, Aggarwal R, Mittal A, Aggarwal A, Gupta A. Design, synthesis and photoinduced DNA cleavage studies of [1,2,4]-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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2
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Borie C, Mondal S, Arif T, Briand M, Lingua H, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Stocker P, Barbarat B, Robert V, Nicoletti C, Olive D, Maresca M, Nechab M. Enediynes bearing polyfluoroaryl sulfoxide as new antiproliferative agents with dual targeting of microtubules and DNA. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:306-313. [PMID: 29471119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of enediynes possessing pentafluorophenylsulfoxide have been developed. The innovative compounds possess antiproliferative activity against a broad panel of human cancer cells originating from breast, blood, lung, kidney, colon, prostate, pancreas or skin with IC50 ranging from 0.6 to 3.4 μM. The antiproliferative activity of enediynes in darkness is associated to their ability to compromise microtubule network. In addition, exposure to UV leads to double-stranded DNA cleavage caused by the newly synthesized molecules reducing further their IC50 in nanomolar range against human tumor cells, including chemo-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Taken together, the examined data demonstrate that enediynes possessing pentafluorosulfoxide are promising molecules in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Borie
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390 Marseille, France
| | - Shovan Mondal
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390 Marseille, France; Department of Chemistry, Syamsundar College, Shyamsundar 713424, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanzeel Arif
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390 Marseille, France
| | - Manon Briand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390 Marseille, France
| | - Hugo Lingua
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Stocker
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390 Marseille, France
| | - Bernadette Barbarat
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM) UMR-INSERM1068-IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Inserm, U1068, France; Institut Paoli Calmettes, 27, Boulevard Lei Roure, BP30059, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Viviane Robert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, F-13397, Marseille, France
| | - Cendrine Nicoletti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, F-13397, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM) UMR-INSERM1068-IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Inserm, U1068, France; Institut Paoli Calmettes, 27, Boulevard Lei Roure, BP30059, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, F-13397, Marseille, France.
| | - Malek Nechab
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390 Marseille, France.
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3
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Bhattacharya P, Basak A, Campbell A, Alabugin IV. Photochemical Activation of Enediyne Warheads: A Potential Tool for Targeted Antitumor Therapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:768-797. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Adam Campbell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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4
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Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Chen L, Wu J, Chen G, Li S, Zou J, Chen R, Wang J, Jiang F, Tang Z. Selective tumor cell death induced by irradiated riboflavin through recognizing DNA G-T mismatch. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8676-8683. [PMID: 28911109 PMCID: PMC5587794 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) has been thought to be a promising antitumoral agent in photodynamic therapy, though the further application of the method was limited by the unclear molecular mechanism. Our work reveals that riboflavin was able to recognize G–T mismatch specifically and induce single-strand breaks in duplex DNA targets efficiently under irradiation. In the presence of riboflavin, the photo-irradiation could induce the death of tumor cells that are defective in mismatch repair system selectively, highlighting the G–T mismatch as potential drug target for tumor cells. Moreover, riboflavin is a promising leading compound for further drug design due to its inherent specific recognition of the G–T mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,College of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yongyun Zhao
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lianqi Chen
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- College of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Gangyi Chen
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Sheng Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zou
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhuo Tang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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5
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Peterson PW, Shevchenko N, Breiner B, Manoharan M, Lufti F, Delaune J, Kingsley M, Kovnir K, Alabugin IV. Orbital Crossings Activated through Electron Injection: Opening Communication between Orthogonal Orbitals in Anionic C1–C5 Cyclizations of Enediynes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15617-15628. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Nikolay Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Boris Breiner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Mariappan Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Forat Lufti
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Jess Delaune
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Margaret Kingsley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
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6
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Kaya K, Roy S, Nogues JC, Rojas JC, Sokolikj Z, Zorio DAR, Alabugin IV. Optimizing Protonation States for Selective Double-Strand DNA Photocleavage in Hypoxic Tumors: pH-Gated Transitions of Lysine Dipeptides. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8634-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, 43100 Turkey
| | - Saumya Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Nogues
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Juan Camilo Rojas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Zlatko Sokolikj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Diego A. R. Zorio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College
of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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7
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Gilmore K, Mohamed RK, Alabugin IV. The Baldwin rules: revised and extended. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Potsdam Germany
| | - Rana K. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL USA
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8
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Papadakis R, Ottosson H. The excited state antiaromatic benzene ring: a molecular Mr Hyde? Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6472-93. [PMID: 25960203 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00057b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The antiaromatic character of benzene in its first ππ* excited triplet state (T1) was deduced more than four decades ago by Baird using perturbation molecular orbital (PMO) theory [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 4941], and since then it has been confirmed through a range of high-level quantum chemical calculations. With focus on benzene we now first review theoretical and computational studies that examine and confirm Baird's rule on reversal in the electron count for aromaticity and antiaromaticity of annulenes in their lowest triplet states as compared to Hückel's rule for the ground state (S0). We also note that the rule according to quantum chemical calculations can be extended to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) of benzene. Importantly, Baird, as well as Aihara [Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1978, 51, 1788], early put forth that the destabilization and excited state antiaromaticity of the benzene ring should be reflected in its photochemical reactivity, yet, today these conclusions are often overlooked. Thus, in the second part of the article we review photochemical reactions of a series of benzene derivatives that to various extents should stem from the excited state antiaromatic character of the benzene ring. We argue that benzene can be viewed as a molecular "Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde" with its largely unknown excited state antiaromaticity representing its "Mr Hyde" character. The recognition of the "Jekyll and Hyde" split personality feature of the benzene ring can likely be useful in a range of different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaello Papadakis
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Kaya K, Johnson M, Alabugin IV. Opening Enediyne Scissors Wider: pH-Dependent DNA Photocleavage by meta-Diyne Lysine Conjugates. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:748-58. [PMID: 25545396 DOI: 10.1111/php.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical activation of meta-diynes incapable of Bergman and C1-C5 cyclizations still leads to efficient double-strand DNA cleavage. Spatial proximity of the two arylethynyl groups is not required for efficient DNA photocleavage by the enediyne-lysine conjugates. Efficiency of the cleavage is a function of the external pH and DNA damage is strongly enhanced at pH < 7. The pH-dependence of the DNA photocleavage activity stems from the protonation states of lysine amino groups, the internal electron donors responsible for intramolecular PET quenching and deactivation of the photoreactive excited states. DNA-binding analysis suggests intercalative DNA binding for phenyl substituted conjugate and groove binding for TFP-substituted conjugate. Additional insights in the possible mechanism for DNA damage from the ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) scavenger experiments found that generation of singlet oxygen is partially involved in the DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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10
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Photoactivated cyclization of aryl-containing enediynes coated gold nanoparticles: Enhancement of the DNA cleavage ability of enediynes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:513-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Peterson PW, Shevchenko N, Alabugin IV. “Stereoelectronic Umpolung”: Converting a p-Donor into a σ-Acceptor via Electron Injection and a Conformational Change. Org Lett 2013; 15:2238-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400813d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Nikolay Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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12
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Mohamed RK, Peterson PW, Alabugin IV. Concerted Reactions That Produce Diradicals and Zwitterions: Electronic, Steric, Conformational, and Kinetic Control of Cycloaromatization Processes. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7089-129. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana K. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Paul W. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
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13
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Gold B, Dudley GB, Alabugin IV. Moderating Strain without Sacrificing Reactivity: Design of Fast and Tunable Noncatalyzed Alkyne–Azide Cycloadditions via Stereoelectronically Controlled Transition State Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1558-69. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Gold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4390, United States
| | - Gregory B. Dudley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4390, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4390, United States
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14
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Saltiel J, Kumar VKR. Photophysics of diphenylacetylene: light from the "dark state". J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10548-58. [PMID: 23046054 DOI: 10.1021/jp307896c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A weak band at the tail of the known tolane (diphenylacetylene, DPA) fluorescence spectrum in several solvents is assigned to the forbidden 1(1)A(u) → 1(1)A(g) transition on the basis of its lifetime (∼200 ps) and its fluorescence excitation spectra. The 1(1)A(u) state, generally called the dark state, is not truly dark. We report the temperature (T) dependence of DPA fluorescence quantum yields (ϕ(f)) in methylcyclohexane (MCH) solution and the fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields of DPA in glassy MCH at 77 K. Significant differences between fluorescence and phosphorescence excitation spectra reveal that, in addition to the 1(1)B(1u) ← 1(1)A(g) transition, the first DPA absorption band includes a transition to another excited state, most probably the 1(1)B(2u) state, from which intersystem crossing is more efficient. The T dependence of ϕ(f) values in MCH solution is shown to be consistent with the previously reported T dependence of the lifetimes of transient DPA singlet excited state absorptions in the picosecond time scale. Transient absorption decay rate constants in hexane, methylcyclohexane and decalin as a function of T are retreated. Application of the medium enhanced barrier model shows that the medium is fully engaged with the molecular motion that is involved in the activated nonradiative decay path of the 1(1)B(1u) state. In accord with theoretical calculations and experimental observations, that process is assigned to the diabatic internal conversion of the short-lived linear fluorescent π,π* (1(1)B(1u)) state, over a low intrinsic energy barrier, to the longer lived weakly fluorescent trans-bent π,σ* (1(1)A(u)), which is the precursor of the DPA triplet state. Absorption and fluorescence measurements in several solvents show that the 1(1)B(1u)-1(1)A(g) energy gap decreases linearly with increasing medium polarizability. Our results allow a more definitive state order assignment for DPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Saltiel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States.
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15
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Mondal S, Nechab M, Campolo D, Vanthuyne N, Bertrand MP. Copper Carbenoid, Reactant and Catalyst for One-Pot Diazo Ester Coupling Cascade Rearrangement of Enediynes: Formation of Two Contiguous Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Breiner B, Kaya K, Roy S, Yang WY, Alabugin IV. Hybrids of amino acids and acetylenic DNA-photocleavers: optimising efficiency and selectivity for cancer phototherapy. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3974-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob00052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Kawada Y, Kodama T, Miyashita K, Imanishi T, Obika S. Synthesis and evaluation of novel caged DNA alkylating agents bearing 3,4-epoxypiperidine structure. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5102-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Gold B, Shevchenko NE, Bonus N, Dudley GB, Alabugin IV. Selective transition state stabilization via hyperconjugative and conjugative assistance: stereoelectronic concept for copper-free click chemistry. J Org Chem 2011; 77:75-89. [PMID: 22077877 DOI: 10.1021/jo201434w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissection of stereoelectronic effects in the transition states (TSs) for noncatalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions suggests two approaches to selective transition state stabilization in this reaction. First, the formation of both 1,4- and 1,5-isomers is facilitated via hyperconjugative assistance to alkyne bending and C···N bond formation provided by antiperiplanar σ-acceptors at the propargylic carbons. In addition, the 1,5-TS can be stabilized via attractive C-H···F interactions. Although the two effects cannot stabilize the same transition state for the cycloaddition to α,α-difluorocyclooctyne (DIFO), they can act in a complementary, rather than competing, fashion in acyclic alkynes where B3LYP calculations predict up to ∼1 million-fold rate increase relative to 2-butyne. This analysis of stereoelectronic effects is complemented by the distortion analysis, which provides another clear evidence of selective TS stabilization. Changes in electrostatic potential along the reaction path revealed that azide polarization may create unfavorable electrostatic interactions (i.e., for the 1,5-regioisomer formation from 1-fluoro-2-butyne and methyl azide). This observation suggests that more reactive azides can be designed via manipulation of charge distribution in the azide moiety. Combination of these effects with the other activation strategies should lead to the rational design of robust acyclic and cyclic alkyne reagents for fast and tunable "click chemistry". Further computational and experimental studies confirmed the generality of the above accelerating effects and compared them with the conjugative TS stabilization by π-acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Gold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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19
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Yang WY, Roy S, Phrathep B, Rengert Z, Kenworthy R, Zorio DAR, Alabugin IV. Engineering pH-Gated Transitions for Selective and Efficient Double-Strand DNA Photocleavage in Hypoxic Tumors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8501-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Saumya Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Boondaniwon Phrathep
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Zach Rengert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Rachael Kenworthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Diego A. R. Zorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
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20
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Jones CD, Schlatterer JC, Brenowitz M, Pollack L. A microfluidic device that generates hydroxyl radicals to probe the solvent accessible surface of nucleic acids. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3458-3464. [PMID: 21863183 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20280d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a microfluidic device containing a mineral matrix capable of rapidly generating hydroxyl radicals that enables high-resolution structural studies of nucleic acids. Hydroxyl radicals cleave the solvent accessible backbone of DNA and RNA; the cleavage products can be detected with as fine as single nucleotide resolution. Protection from hydroxyl radical cleavage (footprinting) can identify sites of protein binding or the presence of tertiary structure. Here we report preparation of micron sized particles of iron sulfide (pyrite) and fabrication of a microfluidic prototype that together generate enough hydroxyl radicals within 20 ms to cleave DNA sufficiently for a footprinting analysis to be conducted. This prototype enables the development of high-throughput and/or rapid reaction devices with which to probe nucleic acid folding dynamics and ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Jones
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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21
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Stepanov AA, Gornostaev LM, Vasilevsky SF, Arnold EV, Mamatyuk VI, Fadeev DS, Gold B, Alabugin IV. Chameleonic Reactivity of Vicinal Diazonium Salt of Acetylenyl-9,10-anthraquinones: Synthetic Application toward Two Heterocyclic Targets. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8737-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2014214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. M. Gornostaev
- Department of Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk 660049, Russian Federation
| | | | - E. V. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk 660049, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - B. Gold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - I. V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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22
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Roy S, Davydova MP, Pal R, Gilmore K, Tolstikov GA, Vasilevsky SF, Alabugin IV. Dissecting Alkynes: Full Cleavage of Polarized C≡C Moiety via Sequential Bis-Michael Addition/Retro-Mannich Cascade. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7482-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201259j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | | | - Runa Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | | | | | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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23
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Yang WY, Marrone SA, Minors N, Zorio DAR, Alabugin IV. Fine-tuning alkyne cycloadditions: Insights into photochemistry responsible for the double-strand DNA cleavage via structural perturbations in diaryl alkyne conjugates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:813-23. [PMID: 21804877 PMCID: PMC3135214 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid molecules combining photoactivated aryl acetylenes and a dicationic lysine moiety cause the most efficient double-strand (ds) DNA cleavage known to date for a small molecule. In order to test the connection between the alkylating ability and the DNA-damaging properties of these compounds, we investigated the photoreactivity of three isomeric aryl-tetrafluoropyridinyl (TFP) alkynes with amide substituents in different positions (o-, m-, and p-) toward a model π-system. Reactions with 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) were used to probe the alkylating properties of the triplet excited states in these three isomers whilst Stern-Volmer quenching experiments were used to investigate the kinetics of photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The three analogous isomeric lysine conjugates cleaved DNA with different efficiencies (34, 15, and 0% of ds DNA cleavage for p-, m-, and o-substituted lysine conjugates, respectively) consistent with the alkylating ability of the respective acetamides. The significant protecting effect of the hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen scavengers to DNA cleavage was shown only with m-lysine conjugate. All three isomeric lysine conjugates inhibited human melanoma cell growth under photoactivation: The p-conjugate had the lowest CC(50) (50% cell cytotoxicity) value of 1.49 × 10(-7) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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24
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Vasilevsky SF, Govdi AI, Sorokina IV, Tolstikova TG, Baev DS, Tolstikov GA, Mamatuyk VI, Alabugin IV. Rapid access to new bioconjugates of betulonic acid via click chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:62-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Pal R, Clark RJ, Manoharan M, Alabugin IV. Fast oxy-cope rearrangements of bis-alkynes: competition with central C-C bond fragmentation and incorporation in tunable cascades diverging from a common bis-allenic intermediate. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8689-92. [PMID: 21090737 DOI: 10.1021/jo101838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fast anionic oxy-Cope rearrangements of 1,5-hexadiyn-3,4-olates can be incorporated into cascade transformations which rapidly assemble densely functionalized cyclobutenes or cyclopentenones via a common bis-allenic intermediate. The competition between fragmentation, 4π-electrocyclic closure, and aldol condensation can be efficiently controlled by the nature of the acetylenic substituents. The rearrangement of bis-alkynes with two hydroxyl substituents opens a conceptually interesting entry in the chemistry of ε-dicarbonyl compounds and suggests a new approach to analogues of rocaglamide/aglafolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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26
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Yang WY, Cao Q, Callahan C, Galvis C, Sang QX, Alabugin IV. Intracellular DNA damage by lysine-acetylene conjugates. J Nucleic Acids 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20814583 PMCID: PMC2930354 DOI: 10.4061/2010/931394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported the design and properties of alkyne C-lysine conjugates, a powerful and tunable family of DNA cleaving reagents. We also reported that, upon photoactivation, these molecules are capable of inducing cancer cells death. To prove that the cell death stems from DNA cleavage by the conjugates, we investigated intracellular DNA damage induced by these molecules in LNCap cancer cells using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays. The observation of highly efficient DNA damage confirmed that lysine acetylene conjugate is capable of cleaving the densely compacted intracellular DNA. This result provides a key mechanistic link between efficient DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity towards cancer cells for this family of light-activated anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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27
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Yang WY, Breiner B, Kovalenko SV, Ben C, Singh M, LeGrand SN, Sang QXA, Strouse GF, Copland JA, Alabugin IV. C-lysine conjugates: pH-controlled light-activated reagents for efficient double-stranded DNA cleavage with implications for cancer therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11458-70. [PMID: 19637922 PMCID: PMC2771568 DOI: 10.1021/ja902140m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA cleavage of light-activated lysine conjugates is strongly enhanced at the slightly acidic pH (<7) suitable for selective targeting of cancer cells. This enhancement stems from the presence of two amino groups of different basicities. The first amino group plays an auxiliary role by enhancing solubility and affinity to DNA, whereas the second amino group, which is positioned next to the light-activated DNA cleaver, undergoes protonation at the desired pH threshold. This protonation results in two synergetic effects which account for the increased DNA-cleaving ability at the lower pH. First, lysine conjugates show tighter binding to DNA at the lower pH, which is consistent with the anticipated higher degree of interaction between two positively charged ammonium groups with the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA. Second, the unproductive pathway which quenches the excited state of the photocleaver through intramolecular electron transfer is eliminated once the donor amino group next to the chromophore is protonated. Experiments in the presence of traps for diffusing radicals show that reactive oxygen species do not contribute significantly to the mechanism of DNA cleavage at the lower pH, which is indicative of tighter binding to DNA under these conditions. This feature is valuable not only because many solid tumors are hypoxic but also because cleavage which does not depend on diffusing species is more localized and efficient. Sequence-selectivity experiments suggest combination of PET and base alkylation as the chemical basis for the observed DNA damage. The utility of these molecules for phototherapy of cancer is confirmed by the drastic increase in toxicity of five conjugates against cancer cell lines upon photoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Boris Breiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Serguei V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Chi Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Mani Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Shauna N. LeGrand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Geoffrey F. Strouse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - John A. Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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28
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Vasilevsky SF, Govdi AI, Shults EE, Shakirov MM, Sorokina IV, Tolstikova TG, Baev DS, Tolstikov GA, Alabugin IV. Efficient synthesis of the first betulonic acid-acetylene hybrids and their hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5164-9. [PMID: 19524443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Sonogashira reaction can be applied for the preparation of acetylenic derivatives of betulonic acid where the triterpenoid moiety can serve as either the halo- or the acetylenic component. This reaction opened access to the first derivatives of betulonic acid containing either the arylethynyl (C[triple bond]C-Ar(Het) or the ethynyl (C[triple bond]CH) moieties. From the fundamental perspective, this work illustrates the possibility of selective Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling at terminal acetylenes in the presence of a terminal alkene. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of selected acetylenic derivatives of betulonic acid were investigated using the CCl4-induced hepatitis and carrageenan-induced edema models, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey F Vasilevsky
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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29
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Design and synthesis of enediyne-peptide conjugates and their inhibiting activity against chymotrypsin. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3900-8. [PMID: 19428261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel enediyne-amino acid conjugates 1-4 have been synthesized. All of these effectively target the enzyme chymotrypsin inhibiting its proteolytic activity. The conjugate with a directly linked phenyl alanine is the most effective inhibitor with a K(i) of 3 microM. The mode of inhibition is mostly competitive or of a mixed type depending on the nature of the inhibitor.
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30
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Patra AK, Roy S, Chakravarty AR. Synthesis, crystal structures, DNA binding and cleavage activity of l-glutamine copper(II) complexes of heterocyclic bases. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Patra AK, Bhowmick T, Roy S, Ramakumar S, Chakravarty AR. Copper(II) Complexes of l-Arginine as Netropsin Mimics Showing DNA Cleavage Activity in Red Light. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:2932-43. [PMID: 19254037 DOI: 10.1021/ic8017425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K. Patra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Tuhin Bhowmick
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Sovan Roy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Suryanarayanarao Ramakumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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32
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Alabugin IV, Timokhin VI, Abrams JN, Manoharan M, Abrams R, Ghiviriga I. In Search of Efficient 5-Endo-dig Cyclization of a Carbon-Centered Radical: 40 Years from a Prediction to Another Success for the Baldwin Rules. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10984-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja801478n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200
| | - Vitaliy I. Timokhin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200
| | - Jason N. Abrams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200
| | - Mariappan Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200
| | - Rachel Abrams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200
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33
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Photoactivated enediynes as targeted antitumoral agents: Efficient routes to antibody and gold nanoparticle conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:934-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Patra AK, Bhowmick T, Ramakumar S, Nethaji M, Chakravarty AR. DNA cleavage in red light promoted by copper(ii) complexes of α-amino acids and photoactive phenanthroline bases. Dalton Trans 2008:6966-76. [DOI: 10.1039/b802948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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35
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Breiner B, Schlatterer JC, Alabugin IV, Kovalenko SV, Greenbaum NL. DNA damage-site recognition by lysine conjugates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13016-21. [PMID: 17664419 PMCID: PMC1941802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705701104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple lysine conjugates are capable of selective DNA damage at sites approximating a variety of naturally occurring DNA-damage patterns. This process transforms single-strand DNA cleavage into double-strand cleavage with a potential impact on gene and cancer therapy or on the design of DNA constructs that require disassembly at a specific location. This study constitutes an example of DNA damage site recognition by molecules that are two orders of magnitude smaller than DNA-processing enzymes and presents a strategy for site-selective cleavage of single-strand nucleotides, which is based on their annealing with two shorter counterstrands designed to recreate the above duplex damage site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Breiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Jörg C. Schlatterer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Serguei V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
| | - Nancy L. Greenbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390
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36
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Kar M, Basak A. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Unnatural Enediynes and Related Analogues Equipped with pH-Dependent or Phototriggering Devices. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2861-90. [PMID: 17590056 DOI: 10.1021/cr068399i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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37
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Unmasking of aminoanthroquinone moiety through a ring opening in the presence of copper salts and a subsequent cross-coupling/recyclization cascade. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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