1
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Yu FH, Jin R, Chang X, Li K, Cui G, Chen Y. Long-Persistent Circularly Polarized Luminescence from a Host-Guest System Regulated by the Multiple Roles of a Gold(I)-Carbene Motif. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312927. [PMID: 37776073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The promotion of intersystem crossing (ISC) is critical for achieving a high-efficiency long-persistent luminescence (LPL) from organic materials. However, the use of a transition-metal complex for LPL materials has not been explored because it can also shorten the emission lifetime by accelerating the phosphorescence decay. Here, we report a new class of LPL materials by doping a monovalent Au-carbene complex into a boron-embedded molecular host. The donor-acceptor systems exhibit photoluminescence with both high efficiencies (>57 %) and long lifetimes (ca. 40 ms) at room temperature. It is revealed that the Au atom promotes the population of low-lying triplet excited states of the host aggregate (T1 *) which can be converted into the charge-transfer (CT) state, thereby resulting in afterglow luminescence. Moreover, the use of a chirality unit on the guest molecule results in the LPL being circularly polarized. This work illustrates that transition-metal complexes can be used for developing organic afterglow systems by exquisite control over the excited state mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Hu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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2
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Scattolin T, Tonon G, Botter E, Guillet SG, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Gold(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Synthons in Organometallic Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301961. [PMID: 37463071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in numerous research areas such as homogeneous (photo)catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science has prompted organometallic chemists to design gold-based synthons that permit access to target complexes through simple synthetic steps under mild conditions. In this review, the main gold-NHC synthons employed in organometallic synthesis are discussed. Mechanistic aspects involved in their synthesis and reactivity as well as applications of gold-NHC synthons as efficient pre-catalysts, antitumor agents and/or photo-emissive materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Eleonora Botter
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Sebastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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McCallum T. Heart of gold: enabling ligands for oxidative addition of haloorganics in Au(I)/Au(III) catalysed cross-coupling reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1629-1646. [PMID: 36727215 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of Au-catalysis has been an area rich with new discoveries due to the unique properties of the lustrous element. In the past decade, developments in Au(I)/Au(III) cross-coupling methodology have been made possible with the use of external oxidants that facilitate the challenging oxidation of Au(I) to Au(III) in a stable and catalytically competent fashion. Until recently, Au-chemistry was not known to undergo catalytic transformations that feature oxidative addition of haloarenes like those that were made famous by transition metals such as Pd and Ni. The discovery that ligand modification could facilitate the oxidative addition of Au(I) with haloorganics to provide Au(III) intermediates that are competent in other areas of catalysis (i.e. Lewis acid catalysis) has revolutionized this field and has led to the invention of new cross-coupling methodology. The recent advances at the leading edge in the emerging field of Au(I)/Au(III) catalysis under redox-neutral conditions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry McCallum
- The Canadian Bank Note Company, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Wang J, Li N, Zhong C, Miao J, Huang Z, Yu M, Hu YX, Luo S, Zou Y, Li K, Yang C. Metal-Perturbed Multiresonance TADF Emitter Enables High-Efficiency and Ultralow Efficiency Roll-Off Nonsensitized OLEDs with Pure Green Gamut. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208378. [PMID: 36534824 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiresonance (MR)-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on B- and N-embedded polycyclic aromatics are desirable for ultrahigh-definition organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and narrow bandwidth. But the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates of MR-TADF emitters are usually small, resulting in severe device efficiency roll-off at high brightness. To solve this issue, a sensitizer for the MR-TADF emitter has been required. Herein, a new MR-TADF emitter is developed through coordination of Au with B/N-embedded polycyclic ligand. Benefitting from the Au perturbation, the RISC rate is dramatically accelerated to 2.3 × 107 s-1 , leading to delayed fluorescence lifetime as short as 4.3 µs. Meanwhile, the PLQY of 95% and full width at half maximum of 39 nm (0.18 eV) are essentially unchanged after metal coordination. Therefore, a high PLQY, short delayed fluorescence lifetime, and high color purity are concurrently realized in a single TADF emitter. Accordingly, vacuum-deposited OLEDs exhibit high-performance electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 35.8% without sensitization. The EQE is maintained as high as 32.3% at 10 000 cd m-2 . Furthermore, solution-processed OLED based on the emitter also achieves excellent performance with a maximum EQE of 25.7% and a small efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xuan Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Sai Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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5
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Pinto A, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Smith M, Rodríguez L. Aggregation of gold(I) complexes: phosphorescence vs. singlet oxygen production. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8795-8803. [PMID: 35616256 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report on the synthesis of six new phosphane-gold(I)-4-ethynylaniline complexes (neutral and cationic), with a tris-naphthalene substituted tertiary phosphane bearing a secondary amine as a linker and containing different halogen groups (Cl and Br) in the naphthyl group. We have demonstrated in this work how the careful control of the intermolecular aggregation process can modulate the competition between phosphorescence emission and energy transfer from the triplet state of the gold(I) complexes to produce singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinto
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jas S Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202305. [PMID: 35239987 PMCID: PMC9314030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I)-catalyzed nucleophilic allylations of pyridinium and quinolinium ions with various allyl pinacolboronates are reported. The reactions are completely selective with respect to the site of the azinium ion that is attacked, to give various functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines and 1,4-dihydroquinolines. Evidence suggests that the reactions proceed through nucleophilic allylgold(I) intermediates formed by transmetalation from allylboronates. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamJubilee Campus, Triumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Stephen P. Argent
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamJubilee Campus, Triumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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7
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Adesina A, Adeniyi O, Mashazi P. Impedimetric detection of CRP using oriented antibodies: monoclonal as capture and magnetic nanobioprobes with polyclonal for sensing. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Abe R, Tsuchido Y, Ide T, Koizumi TA, Osakada K. Digold(I) Thianthrenyl Complexes. Effect of Diphosphine Ligands on Molecular Structures in the Solid State and in Solution. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9594-9601. [PMID: 35350371 PMCID: PMC8945089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of digold complexes possessing two thianthrenyl ligands, Au2(Thi)2(Ph2P(CH2) n PPh2) (Thi: 1-thianthrenyl; 1: n = 1, 2: n = 2, 3: n = 3, 4: n = 4), were prepared and characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic measurements. X-ray crystallography of complexes 1 and 3 revealed U-shaped structures with short Au-Au distances [3.2171(3) Å and 3.0735(2) Å]. Complex 2 and three of the four structure-determined molecules of complex 4 showed structures without Au-Au contacts. UV-vis spectroscopic measurements of 1-4 and TD-DFT calculations of the two conformers of 1 revealed that complexes 1 and 3 in the solution phase contained conformers with Au(I)-Au(I) interactions in a much higher proportion than complexes 2 and 4. As a result, complexes with diphosphine ligands containing an odd number of methylene groups preferred structures with Au-Au interactions in the solid state and in solution. Oxidation of 1 with 2 equiv of PhICl2 yielded a mixture of monomeric and dimeric thianthrenes and its dimer via ligand elimination and C-C coupling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Abe
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, National
Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan
| | - Take-aki Koizumi
- Advanced
Institute of Analysis Center, Shizuoka Institute
of Science and Technology, 2200-2 Toyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-8555, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- National
Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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9
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O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- University of Nottingham School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Hon Wai Lam
- University of Nottingham The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry Jubilee CampusTriumph Road NG7 2TU Nottingham UNITED KINGDOM
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10
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Osakada K, Nishihara Y. Transmetalation of boronic acids and their derivatives: mechanistic elucidation and relevance to catalysis. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:777-796. [PMID: 34951434 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction (the cross-coupling reaction of boronic acids with organic halides catalysed by Pd complexes) has been recognised as a useful synthetic organic reaction that forms a C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond. The catalytic cycle of the reaction involves the transmetalation of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids with Pd(II) complexes. It migrates the aryl and alkenyl groups of boronic acid to Pd and produces a Pd-C bond. Many studies have investigated the mechanism of transmetalation. They elucidated the mechanism of the organometallic reaction and its role as a fundamental step in catalytic reactions. This perspective reviews studies on the transmetalation of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids with Pd(II) complexes. Emphasis was laid on the structures and chemical properties of the intermediate Pd complexes and the effects of OH- on the pathways of the catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. The reactions of arylboronic acids with Rh(I)-OH complexes were investigated, which are relevant to the mechanism of Rh-catalysed addition of aryl boronic acids to enones and aldehydes. Recent studies on the transmetalation of boronic acids with other late transition metals such as Fe(II), Co(I), Pt(II), Au(III), and Au(I) are presented with the related catalytic reactions and their utilisation in the synthesis of aromatic molecules and π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan. .,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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11
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Voloshkin VA, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Recent advances in the synthesis and derivatization of N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12058-12068. [PMID: 34519733 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes have gained an incredible amount of attention in the course of the last two decades and have become indispensable as an intricate part of a plethora of applications. The areas of their synthesis and derivatization are constantly evolving and bring new, more sustainable, cost-effective and simpler approaches to the design of existing and next generation catalysts and materials. This article provides an overview of the latest developments, focusing on those which have appeared during the last two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Masonheimer CL, Atwood MG, Hartzell SE, Reph EA, Pike RD, Stockland RA. Syn-Insertion of Alkynes into Gold–Phosphito Bonds: Stereoselectivity and Reversible Protodeauration. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carly L. Masonheimer
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Madeleine G. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Susan E. Hartzell
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Erin A. Reph
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Robert D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Robert A. Stockland
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
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13
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Cauwenbergh T, Tzouras NV, Scattolin T, Bhandary S, Simoens A, Van Hecke K, Stevens CV, Nolan SP. Continuous Flow Synthesis of [Au(NHC)(Aryl)] (NHC=N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:13342-13345. [PMID: 34323322 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The use of weak and inexpensive bases has recently opened promising perspectives towards the simpler and more sustainable synthesis of Au(I)-aryl complexes with valuable applications in catalysis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. In recent years, continuous manufacturing has shown to be a reliable partner in establishing sustainable and controlled process scalability. Herein, the first continuous flow synthesis of a range of Au(I)-aryl starting from widely available boronic acids and various [Au(NHC)Cl] (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes in unprecedentedly short reaction times and high yields is reported. Successful synthesis of previously non- or poorly accessible complexes exposed fascinating reactivity patterns. Via a gram-scale synthesis, convenient process scalability of the developed protocol was showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cauwenbergh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Simoens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis, Biosources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC) Research Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis, Biosources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC) Research Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Ferrer M, Gutiérrez A, Martínez M, Da Silva C, Netto AVG, Rodríguez L, Romo-Islas G, Pan F, Rissanen K. Base-assisted synthesis of 4-pyridinate gold(I) metallaligands: a study of their use in self-assembly reactions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8154-8166. [PMID: 34028483 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of di- and tritopic gold(i) metallaligands of the type [(Au4-py)2(μ2-diphosphane)] (diphosphane = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)isopropane or dppip (1), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane or dppe (2), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane or dppp (3) and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane or dppb (4)) and [(Au4-py)3(μ3-triphosphane)] (triphosphane = 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)ethane or triphos (5) and 1,3,5-tris(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene or triphosph (6)) from [(AuCl)2(μ2-diphosphane)] or [(AuCl)3(μ3-triphosphane)] and 4-pyridylboronic acid in the presence of Cs2CO3 has been conducted. Interestingly, when [(AuCl)2(μ2-dppm)] (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane) was used as a starting material, the cyclic tetranuclear gold(i) compound [(Au4-py)2(CH)2{μ2-Au(PPh2)2}2] (I) was obtained instead. All the products have been characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis and in the case of 1, 3, 5 and I by X-ray crystallography, which showed the presence of aurophilic interactions in all of them. The obtained metallaligands have been used as building blocks in self-assembly reactions with cis-blocked palladium or platinum acceptor moieties producing [2 + 2] metallamacrocycles or trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) [2 + 3] metallacages in good yields. The photophysical properties of both the metallaligands and the corresponding assemblies have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Ferrer
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gutiérrez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristiana Da Silva
- UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil and Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, UFGD, Departamento de Química, P.O. Box 364, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Adelino V G Netto
- UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Romo-Islas
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fangfang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, POB 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, POB 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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15
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de Aquino A, Caparrós FJ, Truong KN, Rissanen K, Ferrer M, Jung Y, Choi H, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. Gold(i)-doped films: new routes for efficient room temperature phosphorescent materials. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3806-3815. [PMID: 33704345 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of four novel gold(i)-phosphane complexes coordinated to 9-phenanthrene chromophore has been carried out through the reaction of 9-phenanthreneboronic acid and the corresponding AuClPR3 (PR3 = PPh3 for triphenylphosphane (1a); 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane or dppb (2b); bis(diphenylphosphanyl)acetylene or dppa (2c); (AuCl)2(diphos) (diphos = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane or dppm (3)) sources. The X-ray crystal structures of compounds 1a and 2b show the existence of MOF-like intermolecular assemblies that contain empty inner cavities in the absence of aurophilic contacts. In contrast, the formation of a tetranuclear complex with intramolecular aurophilic interactions was evidenced for 3. Photophysical characterization indicates dual emission in all gold(i) complexes when oxygen is removed from the sample, while only fluorescence emission is recorded for the uncoordinated ligand. The introduction of the compounds within PMMA and Zeonex was assayed, and luminescent films containing gold(i) complexes where phosphorescence is the sole pathway for emission are obtained, instead of the dual emission (with significant fluorescence contribution) recorded in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli de Aquino
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica. Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Zheng Z, Ma X, Cheng X, Zhao K, Gutman K, Li T, Zhang L. Homogeneous Gold-Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8979-9038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xinpeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kaylaa Gutman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tianyou Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Witzel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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18
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Prasad Reddy KSSV, Deshpande PA. On the ligand-free palladium cluster catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25021-25031. [PMID: 33112307 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C-C cross coupling reactions have been widely used for developing synthesis protocols for pharmaceuticals and agricultural products in the past few decades. Of all the reported C-C cross coupling reactions, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction is preferred because of its mild reaction conditions, the commercial availability of associated reagents and the ease of removal of boron containing by-products. Recently, Corma and co-workers [Leyva-Perez et al., Angew. Chem., 2013, 125, 11768] reported water-stabilized three- and four-atom Pd clusters as highly active catalytic species for C-C coupling reactions. The present work focuses on developing detailed mechanistic insights into the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction with Pd3 and Pd4 clusters utilizing density functional theory calculations. The role of the base in the reaction was analysed in this study, which was found to lower the activation barriers of transmetalation over both Pd3 and Pd4. Free energy landscapes for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid over Pd3 and Pd4 clusters were developed. The highest free energy barriers of 34.7 and 30.4 kcal mol-1 were observed for the oxidative addition over Pd3 and Pd4, respectively, indicating the oxidative addition as the rate limiting step. Detailed energetics conclusively proved the active nature of small-atom Pd clusters for catalyzing the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S S V Prasad Reddy
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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19
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Fricke C, Reid WB, Schoenebeck F. A Review on Oxidative Gold‐Catalyzed C‐H Arylation of Arenes – Challenges and Opportunities. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - William B. Reid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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20
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Ingner FJL, Schmitt A, Orthaber A, Gates PJ, Pilarski LT. Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Diverse Organo-Au I -L Complexes in Green Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2032-2037. [PMID: 31951303 PMCID: PMC7277043 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An exceptionally mild and efficient method was developed for the preparation of (hetero)aryl-AuI -L complexes using ethanol or water as the reaction medium at room temperature and Ar-B(triol)K boronates as the transmetalation partner. The reaction does not need an exogeneous base or other additives, and quantitative yields can be achieved through a simple filtration as the only required purification method, which obviates considerable waste associated with alternative workup methods. A broad reaction scope was demonstrated with respect to both the L and (hetero)aryl ligands on product Au complexes. Despite the polar reaction medium, large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon units can be incorporated on the Au complexes in very good to excellent yields. The approach was demonstrated for the chemoselective manipulation of orthogonally protected aryl boronates to afford a new class of N-heterocyclic carbene-Au-aryl complexes. A mechanistic rationale was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry—ÅngströmUppsala UniversityBOX 52375-120UppsalaSweden
| | - Paul J. Gates
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's Close, CliftonBristolBS8 1TSUK
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21
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Tzouras NV, Saab M, Janssens W, Cauwenbergh T, Van Hecke K, Nahra F, Nolan SP. Simple Synthetic Routes to N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I)-Aryl Complexes: Expanded Scope and Reactivity. Chemistry 2020; 26:5541-5551. [PMID: 32077182 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of sustainable and scalable synthetic protocols leading to gold-aryl compounds bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands sparked an investigation of their reactivity and potential utility as organometallic synthons. The use of a mild base and green solvents provide access to these compounds, starting from widely available boronic acids and various [Au(NHC)Cl] complexes, with reactions taking place under air, at room temperature and leading to high yields with unprecedented ease. One compound, (N,N'-bis[2,6-(di-isopropyl)phenyl]imidazol-2-ylidene)(4-methoxyphenyl)gold, ([Au(IPr)(4-MeOC6 H4 )]), was synthesized on a multigram scale and used to gauge the reactivity of this class of compounds towards C-H/N-H bonds and with various acids, revealing simple pathways to gold-based species that possess attractive properties as materials, reagents and/or catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thibault Cauwenbergh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Separation and Conversion Technology Unit, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Li TY, Muthiah Ravinson DS, Haiges R, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Enhancement of the Luminescent Efficiency in Carbene-Au(I)-Aryl Complexes by the Restriction of Renner–Teller Distortion and Bond Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6158-6172. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Ralf Haiges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Peter I. Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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23
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Stable thin films of human P53 antigen on gold surface for the detection of tumour associated anti-P53 autoantibodies. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Fricke C, Dahiya A, Reid WB, Schoenebeck F. Gold-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization with Aryl Germanes. ACS Catal 2019; 9:9231-9236. [PMID: 31608162 PMCID: PMC6781487 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of orthogonal Csp2 -Csp2 coupling regimes to the omnipresent Pd-catalysis class would enable an additional dimension of modularity in the construction of densely functionalized biaryl motifs. In this context, the identification of potent functional groups for selective transformations is in high demand. Although organogermanium compounds are generally believed to be of low reactivity in homogenous catalysis, this report discloses the highly efficient and orthogonal reactivity of aryl germanes with arenes under gold catalysis. The method is characterized by mildness, the employment of an air- and moisture-stable gold catalyst, and robustness. Our mechanistic studies show that aryl germanes are highly reactive with Au(I) and Au(III). Our computational data suggest that the origin of this reactivity primarily lies in the relatively low bond dissociation energy and as such low distortion energy to reach the key bond activating transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - William B. Reid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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25
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26
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Kaur N, Bhardwaj P, Devi M, Verma Y, Grewal P. Gold-catalyzed C–O bond forming reactions for the synthesis of six-membered O-heterocycles. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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27
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Kim N, Widenhoefer RA. Ionization of gold (γ-methoxy)vinyl complexes generates reactive gold vinyl carbene complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6149-6156. [PMID: 31360421 PMCID: PMC6585879 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01574d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic gold vinyl carbene/allylic cation complexes of the form (E)-[(L)AuC(H)C(H)CAr2]+ OTf- {L = IPr, Ar = Ph [(E)-5a], L = IPr, Ar = 4-C6H4OMe [(E)-5b], L = P(t-Bu)2 o-biphenyl, Ar = 4-C6H4OMe [(E)-5c]} were generated in solution via Lewis acid-mediated ionization of the corresponding gold (γ-methoxy)vinyl complexes (E)-(L)AuC(H)C(H)C(OMe)Ar2 at or below -95 °C. Complexes (E)-5b and (E)-5c were fully characterized in solution employing multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, which established the predominant contribution of the aurated allylic cation resonance structure and the significant distribution of positive charge into the γ-anisyl rings. Complex (E)-5b reacted rapidly at -95 °C with neutral two-electron, hydride, and oxygen atom donors exclusively at the C1 position of the vinyl carbene moiety and with p-methoxystyrene to form the corresponding vinylcyclopropane. In the absence of nucleophile (E)-5a decomposed predominantly via intermolecular carbene dimerization whereas formation of 1-aryl-5-methoxy indene upon ionization of (Z)-(IPr)AuC(H)C(H)C(OMe)(4-C6H4OMe)2 [(Z)-6b] implicated an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts or electrocyclic Nazarov pathway for the decomposition of the unobserved vinyl carbene complex (Z)-[(IPr)AuC(H)C(H)C(4-C6H4OMe)2]+ OTf- [(Z)-5b].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kim
- French Family Science Center , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina , USA .
| | - Ross A Widenhoefer
- French Family Science Center , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina , USA .
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28
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Mihaly JJ, Stewart DJ, Grusenmeyer TA, Phillips AT, Haley JE, Zeller M, Gray TG. Photophysical properties of organogold(i) complexes bearing a benzothiazole-2,7-fluorenyl moiety: selection of ancillary ligand influences white light emission. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15917-15927. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02312g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report three new gold(i) complexes with a benzothiazole-2,7-fluorenyl moiety bound through a gold–carbon σ-bond and either an N-heterocyclic carbene or organophosphine as ancillary ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Mihaly
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - David J. Stewart
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
- Dayton
- USA
| | - Tod A. Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
- Dayton
- USA
| | - Alexis T. Phillips
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
- Dayton
- USA
| | - Joy E. Haley
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
- Dayton
- USA
| | | | - Thomas G. Gray
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
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29
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Aguiló E, Moro AJ, Outis M, Pina J, Sarmento D, Seixas de Melo JS, Rodríguez L, Lima JC. Deactivation Routes in Gold(I) Polypyridyl Complexes: Internal Conversion Vs Fast Intersystem Crossing. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:13423-13430. [PMID: 30351079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An electronic spectral and photophysical characterization of three gold(I) complexes containing heterocyclic chromophores differing in the number and arrangement of pyridine rings (pyridine, bipyridine, and terpyridine, with the acronyms pD, bD, and tD respectively) was performed. Quantum yields of fluorescence, internal conversion and triplet state formation, together with the rate constants for singlet to triplet intersystem crossing, S1 ∼ ∼ ∼ S0 internal conversion and fluorescence were measured in order to equate the impact of fast triplet state formation on the amount of triplets formed. The results showed a correlation between the increase on the measured decay values of S1 (leading to the main formation of T1) and the increase in the charge transfer (CT) character of the lowest energy transition, as evaluated from the orthogonality of the frontier orbitals. The measured triplet state quantum yields range from ∼50-60% to 70%, whereas the intersystem crossing rate constants differ by almost 2 orders of magnitude, from 9.4 × 109 s-1 for tD to 8.1 × 1011 s-1 for bD. This constitutes an evidence for the existence of a correlation between the intersystem crossing and the internal conversion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Aguiló
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica. Secció de Química Inorgànica . Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Artur J Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2825 Monte de Caparica , Portugal
| | - Mani Outis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2825 Monte de Caparica , Portugal
| | - João Pina
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry , University of Coimbra , Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535 , Portugal
| | - Daniela Sarmento
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry , University of Coimbra , Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535 , Portugal
| | - J Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry , University of Coimbra , Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535 , Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica. Secció de Química Inorgànica . Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , Barcelona 08028 , Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB) . Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2825 Monte de Caparica , Portugal
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30
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Zang W, Wei Y, Shi M. Gold(I)-catalyzed Benzylation of (Hetero)aryl Boronic Acids with (Hetero)benzyl Bromides by the Strategy of a S N 2-type Reaction. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2791-2795. [PMID: 30051607 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the first example of gold-catalyzed benzylation of (hetero)aryl boronic acids with (hetero)benzyl bromides to give the corresponding cross-coupling products in moderate to good yields is reported. The reaction proceeds through a possible intermolecular SN 2-type reaction pathway to give a wide variety of di(hetero)arylmethanes as the desired products. An intriguing reaction mechanism has been proposed on the basis of control experiments, 31 P-NMR spectroscopic detection and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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31
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32
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Heinrich M, Murphy JJ, Ilg MK, Letort A, Flasz J, Philipps P, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of Putative Chagosensine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13575-13581. [PMID: 30152031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The marine macrolide chagosensine is the only natural product known to date that embodies a Z,Z-configured chloro-1,3-diene unit. This distinguishing substructure was prepared by a sequence of palladium-catalyzed 1,2-distannation of an alkyne precursor, regioselective Stille cross-coupling at the terminus of the resulting bisstannyl alkene with an elaborated alkenyl iodide, followed by chloro-destannation of the remaining internal site. The preparation of the required substrates centered on cobalt-catalyzed oxidative cyclization reactions of hydroxylated olefin precursors, which allowed the 2,5-trans-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran rings, embedded into each building block, to be formed with excellent selectivity. The highly strained macrolactone could ultimately be closed under forcing Yamaguchi conditions. Comparison of the spectral data of the synthetic sample with those of authentic chagosensine methyl ester confirmed that the structure of this intriguing compound has been mis-assigned by the isolation team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Heinrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - John J Murphy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marina K Ilg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Aurélien Letort
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jakub Flasz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Petra Philipps
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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33
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Liu XY, Li ZW, Fang WH, Cui G. Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations on internal conversion and intersystem crossing processes in gold(i) compounds. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:044301. [PMID: 30068207 DOI: 10.1063/1.5029991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The position at which the second gold(i)-phosphine group is attached was experimentally found to play a noticeable role in intersystem crossing rates of gold(i) naphthalene derivatives. However, the physical origin is ambiguous. Herein we have employed generalized trajectory-based surface-hopping dynamics simulations to simulate the excited-state relaxation dynamics of these gold(i) naphthalene compounds including both the intersystem crossing process from the initially populated first excited singlet states S1 to triplet manifolds and internal conversion processes within these triplet states. Our predicted intersystem crossing rates are consistent with experiments very well. On the basis of the present results, we have found that (1) ultrafast and subpicosecond intersystem crossing processes are mainly caused by small energy gaps and large spin-orbit couplings between S1 and Tn; (2) adding the second gold(i)-phosphine group does not increase spin-orbit couplings between S1 and Tn but decrease their values remarkably, which implies that heavy-atom effects are state-specific, not state-universal; (3) the position at which the second gold(i)-phosphine group is attached has a remarkable influence on the electronic structures of S1 and Tn and their relative energies, which affect energy gaps and spin-orbit couplings between S1 and Tn and eventually modulate intersystem crossing rates from S1 to Tn. These new insights are very useful for the design of gold-containing compounds with excellent photoluminescence properties. Finally, this work also exemplifies that different isomers of a compound could have distinct excited-state relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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34
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Musgrave RA, Hailes RLN, Schäfer A, Russell AD, Gates PJ, Manners I. New reactivity at the silicon bridge in sila[1]ferrocenophanes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2759-2768. [PMID: 29417116 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04593j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe two new types of reactivity involving silicon-bridged [1]ferrocenophanes. In an attempt to form a [1]ferrocenophane with a bridging silyl cation, the reaction of sila[1]ferrocenophane [Fe(η-C5H4)2Si(H)TMP] (12) (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) towards the hydride-abstraction reagent trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate ([CPh3][B(C6F5)4]) was explored. This yielded the unusual dinuclear species [Fe(η-C5H4)2Si(TMP·H)(η-C5H3)Fe(η-C5H4)Si(H)TMP][B(C6F5)4] [13][B(C6F5)4] in low yield. The formation of [13]+ is proposed to involve abstraction of hydride from the silicon bridge in 12 with subsequent C-H bond cleavage of a cyclopentadienyl group by the resulting electrophilic transient silyl cation intermediate. We also explored the reaction of dimethylsila[1]ferrocenophane [Fe(η-C5H4)2SiMe2] (1) with the Au(i) species AuCl(PMe3). This was found to result in addition of the Au-Cl bond across the Cpipso-Si bond to yield the ring-opened species [1'-(chlorodimethylsilyl)-ferrocenyl](trimethylphosphine)gold(i), [Fe(C5H4SiMe2Cl){C5H4Au(PMe3)}] (14). This represents the first example of ring-opening addition of a metallocenophane with a reagent possessing a transition metal-halogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Musgrave
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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35
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Tabey A, Berlande M, Hermange P, Fouquet E. Mechanistic and asymmetric investigations of the Au-catalysed cross-coupling between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids using (P,N) gold complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12867-12870. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids were coupled via three different pathways from (P,N)–AuCl complexes, with enantiomeric excesses up to 26%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tabey
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5255
- 33405 Talence Cedex
- France
| | - Murielle Berlande
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5255
- 33405 Talence Cedex
- France
| | - Philippe Hermange
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5255
- 33405 Talence Cedex
- France
| | - Eric Fouquet
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5255
- 33405 Talence Cedex
- France
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36
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Webster S, O'Rourke KM, Fletcher C, Pimlott SL, Sutherland A, Lee AL. Rapid Iododeboronation with and without Gold Catalysis: Application to Radiolabelling of Arenes. Chemistry 2017; 24:937-943. [PMID: 29105856 PMCID: PMC5814724 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals that incorporate radioactive iodine in combination with single‐photon emission computed tomography imaging play a key role in nuclear medicine, with applications in drug development and disease diagnosis. Despite this importance, there are relatively few general methods for the incorporation of radioiodine into small molecules. This work reports a rapid air‐ and moisture‐stable ipso‐iododeboronation procedure that uses NIS in the non‐toxic, green solvent dimethyl carbonate. The fast reaction and mild conditions of the gold‐catalysed method led to the development of a highly efficient process for the radiolabelling of arenes, which constitutes the first example of an application of homogenous gold catalysis to selective radiosynthesis. This was exemplified by the efficient synthesis of radiolabelled meta‐[125I]iodobenzylguanidine, a radiopharmaceutical that is used for the imaging and therapy of human norepinephrine transporter‐expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Webster
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Kerry M O'Rourke
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Conor Fletcher
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sally L Pimlott
- West of Scotland PET Centre, Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Trust, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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37
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Issaian A, Tu KN, Blum SA. Boron-Heteroatom Addition Reactions via Borylative Heterocyclization: Oxyboration, Aminoboration, and Thioboration. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2598-2609. [PMID: 28933550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds and heterocycles are powerful building blocks and precursors for organic synthesis, including for drug discovery and agrochemical and material synthesis. The common strategy for the synthesis of borylated heterocycles involves two separate synthetic steps: first, synthesis of the heterocyclic core, and second, borylation of the core through established methods such as transition-metal-catalyzed C-H or C-X activation/borylation or lithiation/borylation. In this Account, we describe our laboratory's development of borylative heterocyclization reactions that access the heterocyclic core and install boron in one synthetic step. These methods provide complementary bond disconnections, regiochemistry, and functional-group compatibility to current methods. We describe our methods with two categories: a direct borylation method that refers to addition reactions starting from a preformed B-element σ bond, which is essential in the mechanistic route to product formation, and a formal borylation method that refers to addition reactions that do not require formation of a B-element bond but instead proceed through carbon-carbon π-bond activation by an electrophilic boron source followed by dealkylation or deacylation. Through electrophilic activation of the alkyne rather than activation of the B-element bond, formal borylation provides a complementary strategy toward neutral organoboron reagents. We first studied direct oxyboration toward the formation of borylated benzofurans, where a preformed boron-oxygen σ bond is added across an alkyne activated by a carbophilic gold catalyst. We describe detailed mechanistic and kinetic studies of this class of reactions. Application of the knowledge gained from these studies aided in the future development of additional direct borylation reactions involving boron-nitrogen and boron-oxygen σ bonds to form borylared indoles and isoxazoles, respectively. Formal addition of boron/oxygen equivalents to effect oxyboration to form borylated lactones from o-alkynyl esters is then described. This class of reactions takes advantage of bifunctional ClBcat as a carbophilic carbon-carbon π-bond activator and eventual dealkylating agent. We describe our motivation in developing this new class of catalyst-free borylation reactions and subsequently applying the formal borylation strategy to the thioboration of o-alkynylthioanisole substrates to form borylated benzothiophenes. We then proceed to describe our investigations into the details of the mechanism of the formal thioboration reaction. These collaborative mechanistic studies included experimental and computational findings that elucidated the rate-determining step and intermediates of the reaction. These studies further compared different boron sources as electrophiles, including those used in other known reactions, providing fundamental knowledge about the capabilities of commercially available boron reagents toward borylative heterocyclization. Our findings provide guiding principles for reaction design and information leading toward the design of a diverse set of boron-heteroatom addition reactions and their formal equivalents that proceed through borylative heterocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adena Issaian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Kim N. Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Suzanne A. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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38
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Maity A, Kölsch JC, Na H, Teets TS. Room temperature transmetallation from tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane to cyclometallated iridium(iii). Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11757-11767. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02540h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmetallation with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane produces bis-cyclometallated iridium complexes with a perfluorophenyl ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | | | - Hanah Na
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
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39
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Meyer N, Schucht H, Lehmann CW, Weibert B, Winter RF, Mohr F. Multimetallic Gold-Iron Compounds Based on Aurated Ferrocenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Meyer
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Heike Schucht
- Chemische Kristallographie; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Christian W. Lehmann
- Chemische Kristallographie; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Bernhard Weibert
- Fachbereich Chemie; Universität Konstanz; 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie; Universität Konstanz; 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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40
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Hofer M, Genoux A, Kumar R, Nevado C. Gold-Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Arylation with Boron Coupling Partners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hofer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Genoux
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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41
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Hofer M, Genoux A, Kumar R, Nevado C. Gold-Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Arylation with Boron Coupling Partners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1021-1025. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hofer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Genoux
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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42
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Falivene L, Nelson DJ, Dupuy S, Nolan SP, Poater A, Cavallo L. Mechanism of the Transmetalation of Organosilanes to Gold. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:60-4. [PMID: 27308213 PMCID: PMC4906480 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the reaction mechanism of the first transmetalation of organosilanes to gold as a cheap fluoride‐free process. The versatile gold(I) complex [Au(OH)(IPr)] permits very straightforward access to a series of aryl‐, vinyl‐, and alkylgold silanolates by reaction with the appropriate silane reagent. These silanolate compounds are key intermediates in a fluoride‐free process that results in the net transmetalation of organosilanes to gold, rather than the classic activation of silanes as silicates using external fluoride sources. However, here we propose that the gold silanolate is not the active species (as proposed during experimental studies) but is, in fact, a resting state during the transmetalation process, as a concerted step is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Falivene
- KAUST Catalysis Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Stéphanie Dupuy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Steven P Nolan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK; Chemistry Department College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus Montilivi 17071 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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43
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Johnson JS, Chong E, Tu KN, Blum SA. Kinetic Study of Carbophilic Lewis Acid Catalyzed Oxyboration and the Noninnocent Role of Sodium Chloride. Organometallics 2016; 35:655-662. [PMID: 31007335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the oxyboration reaction catalyzed by IPrAuTFA in the presence and absence of NaTFA has been examined with kinetic studies, mass spectrometry, and 1H NMR and 11B NMR spectroscopy. Data from monitoring the reactions over the temperature range from 30 to 70 °C, the catalyst range from 1.3 to 7.5 mol %, and the NaTFA additive range from 2.5 to 30 mol % suggests a mechanism that involves rate-determining catalyst generation. Data from additive studies that replaced NaTFA with NaBARF (BARF = tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate) or Bu4NTFA as an alternative additive suggest that catalyst quenching from residual NaCl remaining from a one-pot substrate synthesis/reaction method is the cause of this effect, despite the low solubility of this NaCl byproduct in toluene. Material produced through an alternative, sodium chloride free substrate synthesis exhibited faster reaction rates, consistent with a change in rate-determining step that depended on the substrate synthesis route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Eugene Chong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Kim N Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Suzanne A Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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44
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Gauchot V, Lee AL. Dual gold photoredox C(sp2)–C(sp2) cross couplings – development and mechanistic studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10163-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new oxidant- and base-free dual catalysed C(sp2)–C(sp2) coupling between arylboronic acids and aryldiazonium salts has been developed. Mechanistic investigations reveal two divergent pathways depending on the gold catalyst employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gauchot
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh EH14 4AS
- UK
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh EH14 4AS
- UK
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45
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Joost M, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Reaktivität von Goldkomplexen in metallorganischen Elementarreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Joost M, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Reactivity of Gold Complexes towards Elementary Organometallic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15022-45. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Adams RD, Wong YO, Zhang Q. Synthesis, structure and bonding of a digold complex with bridging triphenylstannyl ligands. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Barker G, Webster S, Johnson DG, Curley R, Andrews M, Young PC, Macgregor SA, Lee AL. Gold-Catalyzed Proto- and Deuterodeboronation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9807-16. [PMID: 26118859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild gold-catalyzed protodeboronation reaction, which does not require acid or base additives and can be carried out in "green" solvents, is described. As a result, the reaction is very functional-group-tolerant, even to acid- and base-sensitive functional groups, and should allow for the boronic acid group to be used as an effective traceless directing or blocking group. The reaction has also been extended to deuterodeboronations for regiospecific ipso-deuterations of aryls and heteroaryls from the corresponding organoboronic acid. Based on density functional theory calculations, a mechanism is proposed that involves nucleophilic attack of water at boron followed by rate-limiting B-C bond cleavage and facile protonolysis of a Au-σ-phenyl intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Webster
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - David G Johnson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Curley
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Andrews
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Young
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS United Kingdom
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49
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Hirner JJ, Blum SA. NMR spectroscopy studies of electronic effects and equilibrium in the organogold-to-boron transmetalation reaction and studies towards its application to the alkoxyboration addition of boron-oxygen σ bonds to alkynes. Tetrahedron 2015; 71:4445-4449. [PMID: 30344348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Electronic effects in the transmetalation of an aryl group from gold to boron were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The transmetalation reaction is more facile for increasingly electrophilic boron reagents and is in equilibrium under certain conditions. Observed tetracoordinate boronate compounds suggest a two-step, associative transmetalation reaction mechanism in which the organogold complex first delivers a nucleophilic phenyl group to the empty p orbital of boron. For certain substrates, this tetracoordinate intermediate decomposes to the tricordinate, final transmetallation product, and in others this tricordinate species remains in equilibrium with a tetracoordinate anionic boron compound. Experimental and theoretical investigations into the extension of this transmetalation reaction from a mechanistic step in our previously reported intramolecular gold-catalyzed addition of boron-oxygen σ bonds across alkynes to an intermolecular variant are discussed.2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Hirner
- University of California-Irvine, Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
| | - Suzanne A Blum
- University of California-Irvine, Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
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50
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Cai R, Lu M, Aguilera EY, Xi Y, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Chen H, Shi X. Ligand-Assisted Gold-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling with Aryldiazonium Salts: Redox Gold Catalysis without an External Oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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