1
|
Wang X, Feng C, Jiang J, Maeda S, Kubota K, Ito H. Stereospecific synthesis of silicon-stereogenic optically active silylboranes and general synthesis of chiral silyl Anions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5561. [PMID: 37689789 PMCID: PMC10492825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon-stereogenic optically active silylboranes could potentially allow the formation of chiral silyl nucleophiles as well as the synthesis of various chiral silicon compounds. However, the synthesis of such silicon-stereogenic silylboranes has not been achieved so far. Here, we report the synthesis of silicon-stereogenic optically active silylboranes via a stereospecific Pt(PPh3)4-catalyzed Si-H borylation of chiral hydrosilanes, which are synthesized by stoichiometric and catalytic asymmetric synthesis, in high yield and very high or perfect enantiospecificity (99% es in one case, and >99% es in the others) with retention of the configuration. Furthermore, we report a practical approach to generate silicon-stereogenic silyl nucleophiles with high enantiopurity and configurational stability using MeLi activation. This protocol is suitable for the stereospecific and general synthesis of silicon-stereogenic trialkyl-, dialkylbenzyl-, dialkylaryl-, diarylalkyl-, and alkylary benzyloxy-substituted silylboranes and their corresponding silyl nucleophiles with excellent enantiospecificity (>99% es except one case of 99% es). Transition-metal-catalyzed C-Si bond-forming cross-coupling reactions and conjugate-addition reactions are also demonstrated. The mechanisms underlying the stability and reactivity of such chiral silyl anion were investigated by combining NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Wang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Chi Feng
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Julong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Hajime Ito
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao W, Li R, Jiang H, Han D. An Additive-Free, Base-Catalyzed Protodesilylation of Organosilanes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2250-2255. [PMID: 29370696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report an additive-free, base-catalyzed C-, N-, O-, and S-Si bond cleavage of various organosilanes in mild conditions. The novel catalyst system exhibits high efficiency and good functional group compatibility, providing the corresponding products in good to excellent yields with low catalyst loadings. Overall, this transition-metal-free process may offer a convenient and general alternative to current employing excess bases, strong acids, or metal-catalyzed systems for the protodesilylation of organosilanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wubing Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University , Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University , Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Huajiang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University , Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Deman Han
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University , Jiaojiang 318000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petuker A, Reback ML, Apfel U. Carbon/Silicon Exchange at the Apex of Diphos‐ and Triphos‐Derived Ligands – More Than Just a Substitute? Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Petuker
- Ruhr University Bochum Inorganic Chemistry I ‐ Bioinorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Matthew L. Reback
- Ruhr University Bochum Inorganic Chemistry I ‐ Bioinorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Ruhr University Bochum Inorganic Chemistry I ‐ Bioinorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koller SG, Bauer JO, Strohmann C. Selektive Si-C(sp3
)-Bindungsspaltung in (Aminomethyl)silanen durch carbanionische Nucleophile und ihr stereochemischer Verlauf. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G. Koller
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Jonathan O. Bauer
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Deutschland
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koller SG, Bauer JO, Strohmann C. Selective Si−C(sp3
) Bond Cleavage in (Aminomethyl)silanes by Carbanionic Nucleophiles and Its Stereochemical Course. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7991-7994. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G. Koller
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jonathan O. Bauer
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Current address: Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Igawa K, Yoshihiro D, Abe Y, Tomooka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Silacyclopentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5814-8. [PMID: 27037672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A variety of functionalized silacyclopentanes were synthesized by highly enantioselective β-eliminations of silacyclopentene oxides followed by stereospecific transformations. The reaction mechanism of the β-elimination was elucidated by DFT calculations. An in vitro biological assay with an oxy-functionalized silacyclopentane showed substantial binding to a serotonin receptor protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yoshihiro
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Yusuke Abe
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bauer JO, Strohmann C. Recent Progress in Asymmetric Synthesis and Application of Difunctionalized Silicon-Stereogenic Silanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O. Bauer
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; P. O. Box 26 76100 Rehovot Israel
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Igawa K, Yoshihiro D, Abe Y, Tomooka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Silacyclopentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshihiro
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences; Kyushu University; Japan
| | - Yusuke Abe
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences; Kyushu University; Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bauer JO, Strohmann C. From an α-functionalized silicon-stereogenic N,O-silane to a monomeric and tetracoordinate tBuLi adduct with lithium-centered chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8167-71. [PMID: 24939015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Donor-functionalized silanes with stereogenic silicon centers are extremely rare. A convenient stereocontrolled route to a nitrogen-oxygen-functionalized silicon-chiral compound with an additional aminomethyl function is presented. This silane was directly achieved in stereochemically pure form by a simple nucleophilic substitution reaction. Owing to the unique asymmetry of this silane and the presence of three donor functions, the first monomeric butyllithium compound with lithium-centered chirality could be isolated; the configuration was assigned by X-ray crystallography. This [silane⋅ tBuLi] complex undergoes an unexpected deprotonation/stereospecific substitution sequence in toluene, leading to the development of a convenient one-pot synthesis of a functionalized silicon-chiral benzylsilane, which proceeds with inversion of configuration and complete preservation of the stereochemical integrity at silicon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O Bauer
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bauer JO, Strohmann C. Von einem α-funktionalisierten siliciumstereogenen N,O-Silan zu einem monomeren tetrakoordiniertentBuLi-Addukt mit lithiumzentrierter Chiralität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Bauer JO, Strohmann C. Stereoselektive Synthese siliciumstereogener Aminomethoxysilane: ein einfacher Zugang zu hoch enantiomerenangereicherten Siloxanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
12
|
Bauer JO, Strohmann C. Stereoselective Synthesis of Silicon-Stereogenic Aminomethoxysilanes: Easy Access to Highly Enantiomerically Enriched Siloxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:720-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Xu LW, Li L, Lai GQ, Jiang JX. The recent synthesis and application of silicon-stereogenic silanes: A renewed and significant challenge in asymmetric synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1777-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Bauer JO, Stiller J, Marqués‐López E, Strohfeldt K, Christmann M, Strohmann C. Silyl‐Modified Analogues of 2‐Tritylpyrrolidine: Synthesis and Applications in Asymmetric Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2010; 16:12553-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O. Bauer
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐7062
| | - Julian Stiller
- Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐5363
| | - Eugenia Marqués‐López
- Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐5363
| | - Katja Strohfeldt
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐7062
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐5363
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐7062
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Däschlein C, Gessner V, Strohmann C. Preparation of “Si-Centered” Chiral Silanes by Direct α-Lithiation of Methylsilanes. Chemistry 2010; 16:4048-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
17
|
Däschlein C, Strohmann C. The competition between Si-Si and Si-C cleavage in functionalised oligosilanes: their reactivity with elemental lithium. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2062-9. [PMID: 20148226 DOI: 10.1039/b920846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of aryl-substituted disilanes with elemental lithium is a common method for the preparation of lithiosilanes and the subsequent synthesis of functionalised oligosilanes, especially of enantiomerically pure compounds. A series of alkyl- and arylsubstituted di- and trisilanes has been investigated with respect to their reactivity against elemental lithium. Thereby, depending on the substituents, silicon-silicon bond cleavage of the central Si-Si unit and/or silicon-carbon bond cleavage to arenes are observed. Quantum chemical studies provide a deeper insight into the ongoing processes. The reactive centre can be estimated by both, bond elongation after electron transfer and frontier orbital interactions (pi-bonding and sigma-antibonding part). Aromatic substituents at the silicon atoms proved to be necessary for the processing of any cleavage reaction in the studied systems by stabilising the radical anion after electron transfer at the corresponding di- or trisilane. Yet, selective cleavage reactions do not depend on the number of arenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Däschlein
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Däschlein C, Bauer JO, Strohmann C. From the selective cleavage of the Si-O-Si bond in disiloxanes to zwitterionic, water-stable zinc silanolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 48:8074-7. [PMID: 19780083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Däschlein
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Igawa K, Kokan N, Tomooka K. Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Silacarboxylic Acids and Their Ester Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Igawa K, Kokan N, Tomooka K. Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Silacarboxylic Acids and Their Ester Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 49:728-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
21
|
Däschlein C, Bauer J, Strohmann C. From the Selective Cleavage of the Si-O-Si Bond in Disiloxanes to Zwitterionic, Water-Stable Zinc Silanolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Däschlein C, Gessner VH, Strohmann C. (S)-1,2-Dimethyl-1,1,2-triphenyl-2-(4-piperidiniometh-yl)disilane chloride. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1950. [PMID: 21201154 PMCID: PMC2959254 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808028808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C(26)H(34)NSi(2) (+)·Cl(-), shows chirality at silicon. Because of its highly selective synthesis with an e.r. of >99:1 by means of a racemic resolution with mandelic acid, the free disilane is of great importance to the chemistry of highly enanti-omerically enriched lithio-silanes and their trapping products. N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding is present between the protonated nitro-gen atom of the piperidino group and the chloride counter-anion. The silicon-silicon distance as well as silicon-carbon and carbon-nitro-gen bond lengths are in the same ranges as in other quaternary, functionalized di- and tetra-silanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Däschlein
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hameau A, Guyon F, Knorr M, Däschlein C, Strohmann C, Avarvari N. Synthesis and reactivity of silylated tetrathiafulvalenes. Dalton Trans 2008:4866-76. [PMID: 18766219 DOI: 10.1039/b803947j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Hameau
- Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 16, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|