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Amirbeigiarab R, Bagger A, Tian J, Rossmeisl J, Magnussen OM. Structure of the (Bi)carbonate Adlayer on Cu(100) Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211360. [PMID: 36122295 PMCID: PMC9827965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
(Bi)carbonate adsorption on Cu(100) in 0.1 M KHCO3 has been studied by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. Coexistence of different ordered adlayer phases with ( 2 ${\sqrt{2}}$ ×6 2 ${\sqrt{2}}$ )R45° and (4×4) unit cells was observed in the double layer potential regime. The adlayer is rather dynamic and undergoes a reversible order-disorder phase transition at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. Density functional calculations indicate that the adlayer consists of coadsorbed carbonate and water molecules and is strongly stabilized by liquid water in the adjacent electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Center of High Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC)Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jing Tian
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University24098KielGermany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Center of High Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC)Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University24098KielGermany
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2
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Schönig M, Frittmann S, Schuster R. Identification of electrochemically adsorbed species via electrochemical microcalorimetry: sulfate adsorption on Au(111). Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200227. [PMID: 35510390 PMCID: PMC9542382 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigate compositional changes of an electrochemical interface upon polarization with electrochemical microcalorimetry. From the heat exchanged at a Au(111) electrode upon sulfate adsorption, we determine the reaction entropy of the adsorption process for both neutral and acidic solutions, where the dominant species in solution changes from SO42− to HSO4−. In neutral solution, the reaction entropy is about 40 J mol−1 K−1 more positive than that in acidic solution over the complete sulfate adsorption region. This entropy offset is explicable by a deprotonation step of HSO4− preceding sulfate adsorption in acidic solution, which shows that the adsorbing species is SO4* in both solutions. The observed overall variation of the reaction entropy in the sulfate adsorption region of ca. 80 J mol−1 K−1 indicates significant sulfate‐coverage dependent entropic contributions to the Free Enthalpy of the surface system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schönig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute of Physical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Stefan Frittmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute of Physical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Rolf Schuster
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KIT, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, GERMANY
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3
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Hou S, Kluge RM, Haid RW, Gubanova EL, Watzele SA, Bandarenka AS, Garlyyev B. A Review on Experimental Identification of Active Sites in Model Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Systems for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Hou
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Physik-Department Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Regina M. Kluge
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Physik-Department Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Richard W. Haid
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Physik-Department Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Elena L. Gubanova
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Physik-Department Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Sebastian A. Watzele
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Physik-Department Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Physik-Department Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Batyr Garlyyev
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Physik-Department Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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4
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Hermann JM, Abdelrahman A, Jacob T, Kibler LA. The Effect of pH and Anion Adsorption on Formic Acid Oxidation on Au(111) Electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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In-situ detection of active sites for carbon-based bifunctional oxygen reduction and evolution catalysis. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Haid RW, Kluge RM, Liang Y, Bandarenka AS. In Situ Quantification of the Local Electrocatalytic Activity via Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000710. [PMID: 34927879 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Identification of catalytically active sites at solid/liquid interfaces under reaction conditions is an essential task to improve the catalyst design for sustainable energy devices. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) combines the control of the surface reactions with imaging on a nanoscale. When performing EC-STM under reaction conditions, the recorded analytical signal shows higher fluctuations (noise) at active sites compared to non-active sites (noise-EC-STM or n-EC-STM). In the past, this approach has been proven as a valid tool to identify the location of active sites. In this work, the authors show that this method can be extended to obtain quantitative information of the local activity. For the platinum(111) surface under oxygen reduction reaction conditions, a linear relationship between the STM noise level and a measure of reactivity, the turn-over frequency is found. Since it is known that the most active sites for this system are located at concave sites, the method has been applied to quantify the activity at steps. The obtained activity enhancement factors appeared to be in good agreement with the literature. Thus, n-EC-STM is a powerful method not only to in situ identify the location of active sites but also to determine and compare local reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Haid
- Department of Physics (ECS), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Regina M Kluge
- Department of Physics (ECS), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Yunchang Liang
- Department of Physics (ECS), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Department of Physics (ECS), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
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7
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Fang Y, Ding SY, Zhang M, Steinmann SN, Hu R, Mao BW, Feliu JM, Tian ZQ. Revisiting the Atomistic Structures at the Interface of Au(111) Electrode–Sulfuric Acid Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9439-9446. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Song-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Stephan N. Steinmann
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46 Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Ren Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Juan M. Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquı́mica, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante E-03690, Spain
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Abdelrahman A, Hermann JM, Jacob T, Kibler LA. Adsorption of Acetate on Au(111): An in-situ Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Study and Implications on Formic Acid Electrooxidation. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2989-2996. [PMID: 31369687 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of acetate on an Au(111) electrode surface in contact with acetic acid at pH 2.7 was imaged in-situ using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Two different ordered structures were imaged for acetate adsorbed in the bidentate configuration on the unreconstructed 1 × 1 surface at 0.95 V (vs. the saturated calomel electrode, SCE). The first structure, ( 19 × 19 ) R 23 . 45 ∘ , is metastable and transforms at constant potential within 20 minutes to a ( 2 × 2 ) structure, which is thermodynamically more favourable. The ( 2 × 2 ) acetate adlayer starts to form at step edges and propagates via nucleation and growth onto terraces. The findings from in-situ STM are in agreement with the electrochemical behaviour of acetate on Au(111) characterized by voltammetry. A comparison is made with formate adsorption on Au(111). While acetate is not reactive, in contrast to formate, it can act as a spectator species in formic acid electrooxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timo Jacob
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
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Magnussen OM. Atomic‐Scale Insights into Electrode Surface Dynamics by High‐Speed Scanning Probe Microscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:12865-12883. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University Olshausenstr. 40 24098 Kiel Germany
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10
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Liu SP, Zhao M, Gao W, Jiang Q. Mechanistic Insights into the Unique Role of Copper in CO 2 Electroreduction Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:387-393. [PMID: 27943655 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cu demonstrates a unique capability towards CO2 electroreduction that can close the anthropogenic carbon cycle; however, its reaction mechanism remains elusive, owing to the obscurity of the solid-liquid interface on Cu surfaces where electrochemical reactions occur. Using a genetic algorithm method in addition to density functional theory, we explicitly identify the configuration of a water bilayer on Cu(2 1 1) and build electrochemical models. These enable us to reveal a mechanistic picture for CO2 electroreduction, finding the key intermediates CCO* for the C2 H4 pathway and CH* for the CH4 pathway, which rationalize a series of experimental observations. Furthermore, we find that the interplay between the Cu surfaces, carbon monomers, and water network (but not the binding of CO*) essentially determine the unique capability of Cu towards CO2 electroreduction, proposing a new and effective descriptor for exploiting optimal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, P.R. China
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Cabello G, Leiva EPM, Gutiérrez C, Cuesta A. Non-covalent interactions at electrochemical interfaces: one model fits all? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14281-6. [PMID: 24914989 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The shift with increasing concentration of alkali-metal cations of the potentials of both the spike and the hump observed in the cyclic voltammograms of Pt(111) electrodes in sulfuric acid solutions is shown to obey the simple model recently developed by us to explain the effect of non-covalent interactions at the electrical double layer. The results suggest that the model, originally developed to describe the effect of alkali-metal cations on the cyclic voltammogram of cyanide-modified Pt(111) electrodes, is of general applicability and can explain quantitatively the effect of cations on the properties of the electrical double layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Cabello
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", CSIC, C. Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Timm AE, Nattland D, Schuster R. In situ determination of the surface excess upon electrochemical sulfate adsorption on Au(111) films by surface plasmon resonance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6667-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Comas-Vives A, Bandlow J, Jacob T. Ab initio study of the electrochemical H2SO4/Pt(111) interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:992-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Abstract
The quantum-mechanical tunnelling effect allows charge transport across nanometre-scale gaps between conducting electrodes. Application of a voltage between these electrodes leads to a measurable tunnelling current, which is highly sensitive to the gap size, the voltage applied and the medium in the gap. Applied to liquid environments, this offers interesting prospects of using tunnelling currents as a sensitive tool to study fundamental interfacial processes, to probe chemical reactions at the single-molecule level and to analyse the composition of biopolymers such as DNA, RNA or proteins. This offers the possibility of a new class of sensor devices with unique capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Albrecht
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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15
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Jinnouchi R, Hatanaka T, Morimoto Y, Osawa M. First principles study of sulfuric acid anion adsorption on a Pt(111) electrode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3208-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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16
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Kibler LA, Alkire RC. Dieter M. Kolb (1942-2011). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Kibler LA, Alkire RC. Dieter M. Kolb (1942-2011). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Dalverny AL, Filhol JS, Doublet ML. Interface electrochemistry in conversion materials for Li-ion batteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Su YZ, Fu YC, Wei YM, Yan JW, Mao BW. The Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interface: Electric Double Layer and Metal Electrodeposition. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2764-78. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Schäfer PJ, Kibler LA. Incorporation of Pd into Au(111): enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:15225-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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