1
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Wentrup C, Mirzaei MS, Kvaskoff D, Taherpour AA. When a "Dimroth Rearrangement" Is Not a Dimroth Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8286-8294. [PMID: 34077230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the Dimroth rearrangement of heterocycles, often pyrimidines, an exocyclic and a ring substituent are interchanged. However, the term Dimroth rearrangement is frequently used even when there is no knowledge of the reaction mechanism and alternatives are likely. Here, we have employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level to determine the most plausible rearrangement pathways of 3-aminothiocarbonylquinazoline 5, tetrahydrofuranylpyrimidine 21, and 5-allyltriazocine 30. For the rearrangement of quinazoline 5 to 9, the [1,3]-sigmatropic shift of the thioamido group with an activation barrier of 26.7 kcal/mol is much preferred over the Dimroth rearrangement (∼46 kcal/mol). An even lower barrier of 21.6 kcal/mol applies to a stepwise [1,3]-shift. The migration of the tetrahydrofuranyl unit in pyrimidines like 21 → 23 can take place by means of a [1,3]-sigmatropic shift with a low barrier (≤17.5 kcal/mol) rather than a Dimroth rearrangement under acidic conditions and most likely also under neutral conditions (∼30 kcal/mol). In the rearrangement of 5-allyl-6-iminotriazocine 30 to 32, the [3,3]-sigmatropic shift (aza-Cope rearrangement) is preferred over the Dimroth mechanism under neutral conditions, but in the presence of acid, the azonia-Cope rearrangement of an allyl group and the true Dimroth rearrangement have comparable activation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M Saeed Mirzaei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah 67149-67346, Iran
| | - David Kvaskoff
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Avat Arman Taherpour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah 67149-67346, Iran
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2
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Patel M, Naidu BN, Dicker I, Higley H, Lin Z, Terry B, Protack T, Krystal M, Jenkins S, Parker D, Panja C, Rampulla R, Mathur A, Meanwell NA, Walker MA. Design, synthesis and SAR study of bridged tricyclic pyrimidinone carboxamides as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115541. [PMID: 32389483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships associated with a series of bridged tricyclic pyrimidinone carboxamides as potent inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer are described. Structural modifications to these molecules were made in order to examine the effect on potency towards wild-type and clinically-relevant resistant viruses. The [3.2.2]-bridged tricyclic system was identified as an advantageous chemotype, with representatives exhibiting excellent antiviral activity against both wild-type viruses and the G140S/Q148H resistant virus that arises in response to therapy with raltegravir and elvitegravir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Patel
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - B Narasimhulu Naidu
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Ira Dicker
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Helen Higley
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Zeyu Lin
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Brian Terry
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Tricia Protack
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Mark Krystal
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Dawn Parker
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Chiradeep Panja
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra Industrial Estate - Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Richard Rampulla
- Department of Discovery Chemistry Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Department of Discovery Chemistry Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Michael A Walker
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; Assembly Biosciences, Inc. 331 Oyster Point Blvd, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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3
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Karumanchi K, Nangi GBS, Danda SR, Chavakula R, Korupolu RB, Bonige KB. A Facile Synthesis of Raltegravir Potassium—An HIV Integrase Inhibitor. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Karumanchi
- Chemical Research and DevelopmentAPL Research Centre‐II, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd. Survey No. 71 & 72, Indrakaran Village, Kandi Mandal Sangareddy Telangana 502329 India
- Department of Engineering ChemistryAndhra University College of Engineering Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530003 India
| | - Gangadhara Bhima Shankar Nangi
- Chemical Research and DevelopmentAPL Research Centre‐II, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd. Survey No. 71 & 72, Indrakaran Village, Kandi Mandal Sangareddy Telangana 502329 India
| | - Subba Reddy Danda
- Chemical Research and DevelopmentAPL Research Centre‐II, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd. Survey No. 71 & 72, Indrakaran Village, Kandi Mandal Sangareddy Telangana 502329 India
| | - Ramadas Chavakula
- Chemical Research and DevelopmentAPL Research Centre‐II, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd. Survey No. 71 & 72, Indrakaran Village, Kandi Mandal Sangareddy Telangana 502329 India
| | - Raghu Babu Korupolu
- Department of Engineering ChemistryAndhra University College of Engineering Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530003 India
| | - Kishore Babu Bonige
- Department of Engineering ChemistryAndhra University College of Engineering Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530003 India
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4
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The discovery and preclinical evaluation of BMS-707035, a potent HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2124-2130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Lacbay CM, Menni M, Bernatchez JA, Götte M, Tsantrizos YS. Pharmacophore requirements for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors that selectively "Freeze" the pre-translocated complex during the polymerization catalytic cycle. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1713-1726. [PMID: 29478802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase (RT) is responsible for replicating the HIV-1 genome and is a validated therapeutic target for the treatment of HIV infections. During each cycle of the RT-catalyzed DNA polymerization process, inorganic pyrophosphate is released as the by-product of nucleotide incorporation. Small molecules were identified that act as bioisosteres of pyrophosphate and can selectively freeze the catalytic cycle of HIV-1 RT at the pre-translocated stage of the DNA- or RNA-template-primer-enzyme complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus M Lacbay
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Michael Menni
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler Promenade, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler Promenade, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Matthias Götte
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, 6-020 Katz Group Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler Promenade, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada.
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6
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Zhong YL, Yasuda N, Li H, McLaughlin M, Tschaen D. Process Chemistry in Antiviral Research. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:77. [PMID: 27807768 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews antiviral therapies that have been approved for human use during the last decade, with a focus on the process chemistry that enabled access to these important drugs. In particular, process chemistry highlights from the practical syntheses of the HCV drugs sofosbuvir (Gilead), grazoprevir (Merck), and elbasvir (Merck), the HIV therapy darunavir (Tibotec) and the influenza treatment peramivir (BioCryst) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Zhong
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
| | - Nobuyoshi Yasuda
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - David Tschaen
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
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7
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Naidu BN, Sorenson ME, Patel M, Ueda Y, Banville J, Beaulieu F, Bollini S, Dicker IB, Higley H, Lin Z, Pajor L, Parker DD, Terry BJ, Zheng M, Martel A, Meanwell NA, Krystal M, Walker MA. Synthesis and evaluation of C2-carbon-linked heterocyclic-5-hydroxy-6-oxo-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxamides as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:717-20. [PMID: 25529736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome is an obligatory process for successful replication of HIV-1. Integrase catalyzes the insertion of viral DNA into the target DNA and is a validated target for drug discovery. Herein, we report the synthesis, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetic profiles of several C2-carbon-linked heterocyclic pyrimidinone-4-carboxamides that inhibit the strand transfer step of the integration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Narasimhulu Naidu
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
| | - Margaret E Sorenson
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Manoj Patel
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Yasutsugu Ueda
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Jacques Banville
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Francis Beaulieu
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Sagarika Bollini
- Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Ira B Dicker
- Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Helen Higley
- Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Zeyu Lin
- Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Lori Pajor
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Dawn D Parker
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Brian J Terry
- Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Ming Zheng
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Alain Martel
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Mark Krystal
- Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Michael A Walker
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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8
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Wang J, Sánchez-Roselló M, Aceña JL, del Pozo C, Sorochinsky AE, Fustero S, Soloshonok VA, Liu H. Fluorine in Pharmaceutical Industry: Fluorine-Containing Drugs Introduced to the Market in the Last Decade (2001–2011). Chem Rev 2013; 114:2432-506. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4002879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3202] [Impact Index Per Article: 291.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Aceña
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carlos del Pozo
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexander E. Sorochinsky
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo, 36-5 Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 1, 02660 Kyiv-94, Ukraine
| | - Santos Fustero
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo, 36-5 Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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9
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR. An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.265 pmid: 24204439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review which is the second in this series summarises the most common synthetic routes as applied to the preparation of many modern pharmaceutical compounds categorised as containing a six-membered heterocyclic ring. The reported examples are based on the top retailing drug molecules combining synthetic information from both scientific journals and the wider patent literature. It is hoped that this compilation, in combination with the previously published review on five-membered rings, will form a comprehensive foundation and reference source for individuals interested in medicinal, synthetic and preparative chemistry.
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10
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR. An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2265-319. [PMID: 24204439 PMCID: PMC3817479 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review which is the second in this series summarises the most common synthetic routes as applied to the preparation of many modern pharmaceutical compounds categorised as containing a six-membered heterocyclic ring. The reported examples are based on the top retailing drug molecules combining synthetic information from both scientific journals and the wider patent literature. It is hoped that this compilation, in combination with the previously published review on five-membered rings, will form a comprehensive foundation and reference source for individuals interested in medicinal, synthetic and preparative chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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11
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Bellomo A, Celebi-Olcum N, Bu X, Rivera N, Ruck RT, Welch CJ, Houk KN, Dreher SD. Rapid Catalyst Identification for the Synthesis of the Pyrimidinone Core of HIV Integrase Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Bellomo A, Celebi-Olcum N, Bu X, Rivera N, Ruck RT, Welch CJ, Houk KN, Dreher SD. Rapid Catalyst Identification for the Synthesis of the Pyrimidinone Core of HIV Integrase Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6912-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Sasada T, Aoki Y, Ikeda R, Sakai N, Konakahara T. Synthesis of Tri- or Tetrasubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives through the [5+1] Annulation of Enamidines with either N,N-Dimethylformamide Dialkyl Acetals or Orthoesters and Their Application in a Ring Transformation of Pyrimidines to Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidi. Chemistry 2011; 17:9385-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Yeom HS, So E, Shin S. Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Pyrrolidinones and Nitrones from N-Sulfonyl Hydroxylamines via Oxygen-Transfer Redox and 1,3-Sulfonyl Migration. Chemistry 2011; 17:1764-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Humphrey GR, Pye PJ, Zhong YL, Angelaud R, Askin D, Belyk KM, Maligres PE, Mancheno DE, Miller RA, Reamer RA, Weissman SA. Development of a Second-Generation, Highly Efficient Manufacturing Route for the HIV Integrase Inhibitor Raltegravir Potassium. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op100257r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy R. Humphrey
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Philip J. Pye
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yong-Li Zhong
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Remy Angelaud
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David Askin
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Belyk
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Peter E. Maligres
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Danny E. Mancheno
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ross A. Miller
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert A. Reamer
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Steven A. Weissman
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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16
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Sharma R, Bulger PG, McNevin M, Dormer PG, Ball RG, Streckfuss E, Cuff JF, Yin J, Chen CY. A cascade approach to cyclic aminonitrones: reaction discovery, mechanism, and scope. Org Lett 2009; 11:3194-7. [PMID: 19572567 DOI: 10.1021/ol9010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of omega-epoxynitriles with hydroxylamine affords cyclic aminonitrones in a single step and with high stereoselectivity. The scope of this novel transformation was explored in a series of examples. The aminonitrone products were shown to be useful substrates for further selective elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojita Sharma
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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17
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Dihydroxy-pyrimidine and N-methylpyrimidone HIV-integrase inhibitors: Improving cell based activity by the quaternarization of a chiral center. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4617-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Manlove A, Groziak MP. Chapter 6.2: Six-Membered Ring Systems: Diazines and Benzo Derivatives. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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19
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Kinzel OD, Ball RG, Donghi M, Maguire CK, Muraglia E, Pesci S, Rowley M, Summa V. 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxylates—fast access to a heterocyclic scaffold for HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhong YL, Pipik B, Lee J, Kohmura Y, Okada S, Igawa K, Kadowaki C, Takezawa A, Kato S, Conlon DA, Zhou H, King AO, Reamer RA, Gauthier, Jr. DR, Askin D. Practical Synthesis of a HIV Integrase Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op800153y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Zhong
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Brenda Pipik
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Jaemoon Lee
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kohmura
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Shigemitsu Okada
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Chie Kadowaki
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takezawa
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Shinji Kato
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - David A. Conlon
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Anthony O. King
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Robert A. Reamer
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - Donald R. Gauthier, Jr.
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
| | - David Askin
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A., and Department of PreClinical Development, Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, 3 Okubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan
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Summa V, Petrocchi A, Bonelli F, Crescenzi B, Donghi M, Ferrara M, Fiore F, Gardelli C, Gonzalez Paz O, Hazuda DJ, Jones P, Kinzel O, Laufer R, Monteagudo E, Muraglia E, Nizi E, Orvieto F, Pace P, Pescatore G, Scarpelli R, Stillmock K, Witmer MV, Rowley M. Discovery of raltegravir, a potent, selective orally bioavailable HIV-integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-AIDS infection. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5843-55. [PMID: 18763751 DOI: 10.1021/jm800245z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) integrase is one of the three virally encoded enzymes required for replication and therefore a rational target for chemotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. We report here the discovery of Raltegravir, the first HIV-integrase inhibitor approved by FDA for the treatment of HIV infection. It derives from the evolution of 5,6-dihydroxypyrimidine-4-carboxamides and N-methyl-4-hydroxypyrimidinone-carboxamides, which exhibited potent inhibition of the HIV-integrase catalyzed strand transfer process. Structural modifications on these molecules were made in order to maximize potency as HIV-integrase inhibitors against the wild type virus, a selection of mutants, and optimize the selectivity, pharmacokinetic, and metabolic profiles in preclinical species. The good profile of Raltegravir has enabled its progression toward the end of phase III clinical trials for the treatment of HIV-1 infection and culminated with the FDA approval as the first HIV-integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Summa
- Istituto Di Ricerche Di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti SpA (Merck Research Laboratories, Rome), Via Pontina Km 30, 600,00040 Pomezia, Italy.
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