1
|
Li C, Zhao W, He J, Zhang Y. Topology Controlled All-(Meth)acrylic Thermoplastic Elastomers by Multi-Functional Lewis Pairs-Mediated Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401265. [PMID: 38390752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
It remains challenging to synthesize all-(meth)acrylic triblock thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), due to the drastically different reactivities between the acrylates and methacrylates and inevitable occurrence of side reactions during polymerization of acrylates. By taking advantage of the easy structural modulation features of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), we design and synthesize strong nucleophilic tetraphenylethylene-based NHOs varying in the number (i.e. mono-, dual- and tetra-) of initiating functional groups. Its combination with bulky organoaluminum [iBuAl(BHT)2] (BHT=bis(2,6-di-tBu-4-methylphenoxy)) constructs Lewis pair (LP) to realize the living polymerization of both acrylates and methacrylates, furnishing polyacrylates with ultrahigh molecular weight (Mn up to 2174 kg ⋅ mol-1) within 4 min. Moreover, these NHO-based LPs enable us to not only realize the control over the polymers' topology (i.e. linear and star), but also achieve triblock star copolymers in one-step manner. Mechanical studies reveal that the star triblock TPEs exhibit better mechanical properties (elongation at break up to 1863 % and tensile strength up to 19.1 MPa) in comparison with the linear analogs. Moreover, the presence of tetraphenylethylene group in the NHOs entitled the triblock TPEs with excellent AIE properties in both solution and solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing, China, 100013
| | - Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu X, Wang Y, Xu L, Narumi A, Sato SI, Yang X, Shen X, Kakuchi T. Thermoresponsive Property of Poly( N, N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)acrylamide) and Its Copolymers with Water-Soluble Poly( N, N-disubstituted acrylamide) Prepared Using Hydrosilylation-Promoted Group Transfer Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4681. [PMID: 38139932 PMCID: PMC10747282 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The group-transfer polymerization (GTP) of N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)acrylamide (MOEAm) initiated by Me2EtSiH in the hydrosilylation-promoted method and by silylketene acetal (SKA) in the conventional method proceeded in a controlled/living manner to provide poly(N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)acrylamide) (PMOEAm) and PMOEAm with the SKA residue at the α-chain end (MCIP-PMOEAm), respectively. PMOEAm-b-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAm) and PMOEAm-s-PDMAm and PMOEAm-b-poly(N,N-bis(2-ethoxyethyl)acrylamide) (PEOEAm) and PMOEAm-s-PEOEAm were synthesized by the block and random group-transfer copolymerization of MOEAm and N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N,N-bis(2-ethoxyethyl)acrylamide. The homo- and copolymer structures affected the thermoresponsive properties; the cloud point temperature (Tcp) increasing by decreasing the degree of polymerization (x). The chain-end group in PMOEAm affected the Tcp with PMOEAmx > MCIP-PMOEAmx. The Tcp of statistical copolymers was higher than that of block copolymers, with PMOEAmx-s-PDMAmy > PMOEAmx-b-PDMAmy and PMOEAmx-s-PEOEAmy > PMOEAmx-b-PEOEAmy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Fu
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Changchun 130022, China; (X.F.); (Y.W.); (L.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Changchun 130022, China; (X.F.); (Y.W.); (L.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Changchun 130022, China; (X.F.); (Y.W.); (L.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan;
| | - Shin-ichiro Sato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Xiaoran Yang
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Changchun 130022, China; (X.F.); (Y.W.); (L.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiande Shen
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Changchun 130022, China; (X.F.); (Y.W.); (L.X.); (X.Y.)
- Chongqing Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei District, Chongqing 401135, China
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Changchun 130022, China; (X.F.); (Y.W.); (L.X.); (X.Y.)
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan;
- Chongqing Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei District, Chongqing 401135, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stiti A, Cenacchi Pereira AM, Lecommandoux S, Taton D. Group-Transfer Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (GTPISA) in Non-polar Media: An Organocatalyzed Route to Block Copolymer Nanoparticles at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305945. [PMID: 37403785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) enables the synthesis at large scale of a wide variety of functional nanoparticles. However, a large number of works are related to controlled radical polymerization (CRP) methods and are generally undertaken at elevated temperatures (>50 °C). Here is the first report on methacrylate-based nanoparticles fabricated by group transfer polymerization-induced self-assembly (GTPISA) in non-polar media (n-heptane). This GTPISA process is achieved at room temperature (RT) using 1-methoxy-1-(trimethylsiloxy)-2-methylprop-1-ene (MTS) and tetrabutylammonium bis-benzoate (TBABB) as initiator and organic catalyst, respectively. Under these conditions, well-defined metal-free and colorless diblock copolymers are produced with efficient crossover from the non-polar stabilizing poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) block to the non-soluble poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) segment. The resulting PLMA-b-PBzMA block copolymers simultaneously self-assemble into nanostructures of various sizes and morphologies. GTPISA in non-polar solvent proceeds rapidly at RT and avoids the use of sulfur or halogenated compounds or metallic catalysts associated with the implementation of CRP methods, thus expanding the potential of PISA formulations for applications in non-polar environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assia Stiti
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, INP-ENSCBP, 16 av. Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac cedex, France
- Centre de Recherche de Solaize, T, otalEnergies OneTech, Chemin du Canal-BP 22, 69360, Solaize, France
| | | | - Sébastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, INP-ENSCBP, 16 av. Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, INP-ENSCBP, 16 av. Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun Y, Carpentier A, Zhang Y, Weng B, Ling Y, Maron L, Hong M. Stereospecific Polymerization of Bulky Methacrylates Using Organocatalyst in Strong Donating Solvent via Self-Controlled Mechanism. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biwei Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaoyao Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zaky MS, Guichard G, Taton D. Block Copolymer Synthesis by a Sequential Addition Strategy from the Organocatalytic Group Transfer Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate to the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200395. [PMID: 35868609 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sequential block copolymerization involving comonomers belonging to different classes, e.g., a vinyl-type monomer and a heterocycle, is a challenging task in macromolecular chemistry, as corresponding propagating species do not interconvert easily from one to the other by crossover reactions. Here, it is first evidenced that 1-methoxy 2-methyl 1-trimethylsilyloxypropene (MTS), i.e., a silyl ketene acetal (SKA)-containing initiator, can be used in presence of the P4 -t-Bu phosphazene organic base to control the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic lactide (rac-LA). The elementary reaction, which rapidly transforms SKA groups into propagating alkoxides, can be leveraged to directly synthesize well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-polylactide (PMMA-b-PLA) block copolymers. This is achieved using P4 -t-Bu as the single organic catalyst and MTS as the initiator for the group transfer polymerization (GTP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA), followed by the ROP of rac-LA. Both polymerization methods are implemented under selective and controlled/living conditions at room temperature in THF. This sequential addition strategy further expands the scope of organic catalysis of polymerizations for macromolecular engineering of block copolymers involving propagating species of disparate reactivity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir Zaky
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, INP-ENSCBP, 16 av. Pey Berland, PESSAC cedex, 33607, France
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, Pessac, F-33607, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, INP-ENSCBP, 16 av. Pey Berland, PESSAC cedex, 33607, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Narumi A, Sato SI, Shen X, Kakuchi T. Precision synthesis for well-defined linear and/or architecturally controlled thermoresponsive poly(N-substituted acrylamide)s. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01449h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the progress in precision polymerizations of specific kinds of N-alkylacrylamides and N,N-dialkylacrylamides to produce polymers showing thermoresponsive properties in aqueous media, which representatively include the reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations...
Collapse
|
7
|
Ge F, Zhang Q, Wang X. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate using tetrabutyl ammonium thioimidate. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ge
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Chinese‐German Faculty for Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jia Q, Yan ZC, Li Y, Liu J, Ding Y, Liu Y, Li J, Chen Y. Synthesis of well-defined di- and triblock acrylic copolymers consisting of hard poly(dicyclopentanyl acrylate) and soft poly(alkyl acrylate) segments by organocatalyzed group transfer polymerization and their glass transition behavior. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined acrylic block copolymers with hard poly(dicyclopentanyl acrylate) and soft poly(n-alkylacrylate) blocks prepared by GTP are observed to undergo microphase separation by rheometry except for the crystallizable poly(n-dodecyl acrylate) series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Jia
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Zhi-Chao Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Yanan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Yuansheng Ding
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yougen Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Altmann HJ, Frey W, Buchmeiser MR. A Spirocyclic Parabanic Acid Masked N-Heterocyclic Carbene as Thermally Latent Pre-Catalyst for Polyamide 6 Synthesis and Epoxide Curing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000338. [PMID: 32909339 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dicyclcohexyl-6,9-dimethyl-1,3,6,9-tetraazaspiro[4.4]non-7-ene-2,4-dione, a spirocyclic parabanic acid derivative of N,N-dimethylimidazole, is used as thermally latent, protected N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in polymerizing anhydride-cured epoxide resins, and azepan-2-one, respectively. The protected carbene is synthesized from 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate in the presence of two equivalents of cyclohexyl isocyanate. In the synthesis of epoxide resin thermosets, this class of latent NHC allows the production of fast and fully cured materials with high crosslinking content. Fast and complete conversion is found in the anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP) of azepan-2-one (ε-caprolactam, CLA) with and without additional activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen J Altmann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu T, Yu Z, Zhang X. Recyclable Vinyl‐Functionalized Polyesters via Chemoselective Organopolymerization of Bifunctional α‐Methylene‐δ‐Valerolactone. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tie‐Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDepartment of ChemistrySchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Linggong Road No. 2 Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Qi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDepartment of ChemistrySchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Linggong Road No. 2 Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDepartment of ChemistrySchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Linggong Road No. 2 Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smith CA, Narouz MR, Lummis PA, Singh I, Nazemi A, Li CH, Crudden CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Materials Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4986-5056. [PMID: 30938514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become one of the most widely studied class of ligands in molecular chemistry and have found applications in fields as varied as catalysis, the stabilization of reactive molecular fragments, and biochemistry. More recently, NHCs have found applications in materials chemistry and have allowed for the functionalization of surfaces, polymers, nanoparticles, and discrete, well-defined clusters. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at recent advances in the use of NHCs for the development of functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christene A Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Paul A Lummis
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, ITbM-WPI , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Chikusa 464-8601 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Chen Y, Jia Q, Ding Y, Sato SI, Xu L, Zang C, Shen X, Kakuchi T. B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Group Transfer Polymerization of Acrylates Using Hydrosilane: Polymerization Mechanism, Applicable Monomers, and Synthesis of Well-Defined Acrylate Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yougen Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Qun Jia
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Yuansheng Ding
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | | | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Chunyu Zang
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiande Shen
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Jilin 130022, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hong M, Chen J, Chen EYX. Polymerization of Polar Monomers Mediated by Main-Group Lewis Acid-Base Pairs. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10551-10616. [PMID: 30350583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new or more sustainable, active, efficient, controlled, and selective polymerization reactions or processes continues to be crucial for the synthesis of important polymers or materials with specific structures or functions. In this context, the newly emerged polymerization technique enabled by main-group Lewis pairs (LPs), termed as Lewis pair polymerization (LPP), exploits the synergy and cooperativity between the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) sites of LPs, which can be employed as frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), interacting LPs (ILPs), or classical Lewis adducts (CLAs), to effect cooperative monomer activation as well as chain initiation, propagation, termination, and transfer events. Through balancing the Lewis acidity, Lewis basicity, and steric effects of LPs, LPP has shown several unique advantages or intriguing opportunities compared to other polymerization techniques and demonstrated its broad polar monomer scope, high activity, control or livingness, and complete chemo- or regioselectivity, as well as its unique application in materials chemistry. These advances made in LPP are comprehensively reviewed, with the scope of monomers focusing on heteroatom-containing polar monomers, while the polymerizations mediated by main-group LAs and LBs separately that are most relevant to the LPP are also highlighted or updated. Examples of applying the principles of the LPP and LP chemistry as a new platform for advancing materials chemistry are highlighted, and currently unmet challenges in the field of the LPP, and thus the suggested corresponding future research directions, are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu L, Zhao W, He J, Zhang Y. Silyl Ketene Acetals/B(C₆F₅)₃ Lewis Pair-Catalyzed Living Group Transfer Polymerization of Renewable Cyclic Acrylic Monomers. Molecules 2018; 23:E665. [PMID: 29543743 PMCID: PMC6017534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reveals the silyl ketene acetal (SKA)/B(C₆F₅)₃ Lewis pair-catalyzed room-temperature group transfer polymerization (GTP) of polar acrylic monomers, including methyl linear methacrylate (MMA), and the biorenewable cyclic monomers γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MMBL) and α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL) as well. The in situ NMR monitored reaction of SKA with B(C₆F₅)₃ indicated the formation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs), although it is sluggish for MMA polymerization, such a FLP system exhibits highly activity and living GTP of MMBL and MBL. Detailed investigations, including the characterization of key reaction intermediates, polymerization kinetics and polymer structures have led to a polymerization mechanism, in which the polymerization is initiated with an intermolecular Michael addition of the ester enolate group of SKA to the vinyl group of B(C₆F₅)₃-activated monomer, while the silyl group is transferred to the carbonyl group of the B(C₆F₅)₃-activated monomer to generate the single-monomer-addition species or the active propagating species; the coordinated B(C₆F₅)₃ is released to the incoming monomer, followed by repeated intermolecular Michael additions in the subsequent propagation cycle. Such neutral SKA analogues are the real active species for the polymerization and are retained in the whole process as confirmed by experimental data and the chain-end analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS). Moreover, using this method, we have successfully synthesized well-defined PMMBL-b-PMBL, PMMBL-b-PMBL-b-PMMBL and random copolymers with the predicated molecular weights (Mn) and narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Bakkali-Hassani C, Rieger E, Vignolle J, Wurm FR, Carlotti S, Taton D. Expanding the scope of N-heterocyclic carbene-organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of N-tosyl aziridines using functional and non-activated amine initiators. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Gowda RR, Chen EYX. Chemoselective Lewis pair polymerization of renewable multivinyl-functionalized γ-butyrolactones. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20170003. [PMID: 28739962 PMCID: PMC5540837 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multivinyl-functionalized γ-butyrolactones, γ-vinyl-γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (γVMMBL) and γ-allyl-γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (γAMMBL), have been synthesized from biorenewable ethyl levulinate and effectively polymerized by Lewis pairs consisting of an organic N-heterocyclic carbene Lewis base and a strong organo-Lewis acid E(C6F5)3 (E = Al, B). This Lewis pair polymerization is quantitatively chemoselective, proceeds exclusively via polyaddition across the conjugated α-methylene double bond without participation of the γ-vinyl or γ-allyl double bond, and produces high-molecular-weight functionalized polymers with unimodal molecular-weight distributions. The Al-based Lewis pair produces a polymer with approximately 5.5 times higher molecular weight than that produced by the B-based Lewis pair. The resulting vinyl-functionalized polymers are soluble in common organic solvents and stable at room temperature, and can be thermally cured into crosslinked materials.This article is part of the themed issue 'Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar R Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nzahou Ottou W, Conde-Mendizabal E, Pascual A, Wirotius AL, Bourichon D, Vignolle J, Robert F, Landais Y, Sotiropoulos JM, Miqueu K, Taton D. Organic Lewis Pairs Based on Phosphine and Electrophilic Silane for the Direct and Controlled Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Nzahou Ottou
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Egoitz Conde-Mendizabal
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de PAU & des Pays de l’Adour, CNRS, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, IPREM UMR 5254, 64000 PAU, France
| | - Ana Pascual
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anne-Laure Wirotius
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Damien Bourichon
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de PAU & des Pays de l’Adour, CNRS, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, IPREM UMR 5254, 64000 PAU, France
| | - Joan Vignolle
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Université
de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Université
de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de PAU & des Pays de l’Adour, CNRS, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, IPREM UMR 5254, 64000 PAU, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de PAU & des Pays de l’Adour, CNRS, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, IPREM UMR 5254, 64000 PAU, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kitiri EN, Patrickios CS, Voutouri C, Stylianopoulos T, Hoffmann I, Schweins R, Gradzielski M. Double-networks based on pH-responsive, amphiphilic “core-first” star first polymer conetworks prepared by sequential RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01340f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Double-networks based on amphiphilic polymer conetworks synthesized using RAFT polymerization were prepared, exhibiting pH-responsiveness, nanophase separation and enhanced mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina N. Kitiri
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | | | - Chrysovalantis Voutouri
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- University of Cyprus
- Nicosia 1678
- Cyprus
| | | | - Ingo Hoffmann
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL)
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL)
- F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen J, Gowda RR, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Controlled or High-Speed Group Transfer Polymerization by Silyl Ketene Acetals without Catalyst. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ravikumar R. Gowda
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Jianghua He
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bakkali-Hassani C, Rieger E, Vignolle J, Wurm FR, Carlotti S, Taton D. The organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of N-tosyl aziridines by an N-heterocyclic carbene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9719-22. [PMID: 27411406 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04323b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ring-opening polymerization of N-tosyl aziridines, in the presence of 1,3-bis(isopropyl)-4,5(dimethyl)imidazol-2-ylidene as an organocatalyst and an N-tosyl secondary amine as initiator mimicking the growing chain, provides the first metal-free route to well defined poly(aziridine)s (PAz) and related PAz-based block copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bakkali-Hassani
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, IPB-ENSCBP, 16 av. Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
In contrast to the conventional group transfer polymerization (GTP) using a catalyst of either an anionic nucleophile or a transition-metal compound, the organocatalyzed GTP has to a great extent improved the living characteristics of the polymerization from the viewpoints of synthesizing structurally well-defined acrylic polymers and constructing defect-free polymer architectures. In this article, we describe the organocatalyzed GTP from a relatively personal perspective to provide our colleagues with a perspicuous and systematic overview on its recent progress as well as a reply to the curiosity of how excellently the organocatalysts have performed in this field. The stated perspectives of this review mainly cover five aspects, in terms of the assessment of the livingness of the polymerization, limit and scope of applicable monomers, mechanistic studies, control of the polymer structure, and a new GTP methodology involving the use of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane and hydrosilane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yougen Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University, Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China. .,Frontier Chemistry Center Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University, N13 W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Frontier Chemistry Center Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University, N13 W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.,Research Center for Polymer Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Changchun Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kikuchi S, Chen Y, Ichinohe E, Kitano K, Sato SI, Duan Q, Shen X, Kakuchi T. Synthesis and Thermoresponsive Property of Linear, Cyclic, and Star-Shaped Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide)s Using B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Group Transfer Polymerization as Facile End-Functionalization Method. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yougen Chen
- Institute
for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | | | | | | | - Qian Duan
- Research
Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology (CUST), Weixing Road 7989, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiande Shen
- Research
Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology (CUST), Weixing Road 7989, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Research
Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology (CUST), Weixing Road 7989, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gowda RR, Chen EYX. Organocatalytic and Chemoselective Polymerization of Multivinyl-Functionalized γ-Butyrolactones. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:772-776. [PMID: 35614656 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Achieving complete chemoselectivity in the polymerization of multivinyl polar monomers is an important yet challenging task, currently achievable only by metal- or metalloid-mediated polymerization processes but in a noncatalytic fashion. Now this work shows that organic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts effect rapid, chemoselective, and catalytic polymerization of multivinyl-functionalized γ-butyrolactones, particularly γ-vinyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (VMBL). Thus, the NHC-catalyzed polymerization of VMBL not only is quantitatively chemoselective, proceeding exclusively via polyaddition across the conjugated α-methylene double bond while leaving the γ-vinyl double bond intact, but also requires only an exceptionally low catalyst loading of 50 ppm, thus, exhibiting a remarkably high catalyst turnover frequency of 80000 h-1 and producing on average 33.6 polymer chains of Mn = 73.8 kg/mol per NHC molecule. The resulting PVMBL can be either thermally cured into cross-linked materials or postfunctionalized with the thiol-ene "click" reaction to achieve complete conversion of the pendant vinyl group on every repeat unit into the corresponding thioether.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar R. Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kikuchi S, Chen Y, Kitano K, Sato SI, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Group Transfer Polymerization of N,N-Disubstituted Acrylamide Using Hydrosilane: Effect of Hydrosilane and Monomer Structures, Polymerization Mechanism, and Synthesis of α-End-Functionalized Polyacrylamides. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yougen Chen
- Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Kodai Kitano
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Sato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
- Research
Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, WeiXing Road 7989, Jilin, 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rikkou-Kalourkoti M, Kitiri EN, Patrickios CS, Leontidis E, Constantinou M, Constantinides G, Zhang X, Papadakis CM. Double Networks Based on Amphiphilic Cross-Linked Star Block Copolymer First Conetworks and Randomly Cross-Linked Hydrophilic Second Networks. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elina N. Kitiri
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas S. Patrickios
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Marios Constantinou
- Research
Unit for Nanostructured Materials Systems, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O.
Box 50329, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Constantinides
- Research
Unit for Nanostructured Materials Systems, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O.
Box 50329, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Fachgebiet
Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Fachgebiet
Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hong M, Tang X, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. Proton-Transfer Polymerization by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Monomer and Catalyst Scopes and Mechanism for Converting Dimethacrylates into Unsaturated Polyesters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2021-35. [PMID: 26779897 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This contribution presents a full account of experimental and theoretical/computational investigations into the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed proton-transfer polymerization (HTP) that converts common dimethacrylates (DMAs) containing no protic groups into unsaturated polyesters. This new HTP proceeds through the step-growth propagation cycles via enamine intermediates, consisting of the proposed conjugate addition-proton transfer-NHC release fundamental steps. This study examines the monomer and catalyst scopes as well as the fundamental steps involved in the overall HTP mechanism. DMAs having six different types of linkages connecting the two methacrylates have been polymerized into the corresponding unsaturated polyesters. The most intriguing unsaturated polyester of the series is that based on the biomass-derived furfuryl dimethacrylate, which showed a unique self-curing ability. Four MeO- and Cl-substituted TPT (1,3,4-triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene) derivatives as methanol insertion products, (Rx)TPT(MeO/H) (R = MeO, Cl; x = 2, 3), and two free carbenes (catalysts), (OMe2)TPT and (OMe3)TPT, have been synthesized, while (OMe2)TPT(MeO/H) and (OMe2)TPT have also been structurally characterized. The structure/reactivity relationship study revealed that (OMe2)TPT, being both a strong nucleophile and a good leaving group, exhibits the highest HTP activity and also produced the polyester with the highest Mn, while the Cl-substituted TPT derivatives are least active and efficient. Computational studies have provided mechanistic insights into the tail-to-tail dimerization coupling step as a suitable model for the propagation cycle of the HTP. The extensive energy profile was mapped out, and the experimentally observed unicity of the TPT-based catalysts was satisfactorily explained with the thermodynamic formation of key spirocyclic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Laura Falivene
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno , Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno , Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno , Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Pathak D, Deuri S, Phukan P. Theoretical Insights on the Interaction of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with Tetravalent Silicon Reagents. J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:128-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjali Pathak
- Department
of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781 001, Assam, India
| | - Sanjib Deuri
- Department
of Chemistry, M. C. College, Barpeta 781 301, Assam, India
| | - Prodeep Phukan
- Department
of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781 001, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Naumann S, Klein J, Wang D, Buchmeiser MR. Convenient preparation of high molecular weight poly(dimethylsiloxane) using thermally latent NHC-catalysis: a structure-activity correlation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2261-6. [PMID: 26664650 PMCID: PMC4660969 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) is investigated using several five-, six- and seven-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). The catalysts are delivered in situ from thermally susceptible CO2 adducts. It is demonstrated that the polymerization can be triggered from a latent state by mild heating, using the highly nucleophilic 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene as organocatalyst. This way, high molecular weight PDMS is prepared (up to >400 000 g/mol, 1.6 < Ð M < 2.5) in yields >95%, using low catalyst loadings (0.2-0.1 mol %). Furthermore, the results suggest that a nucleophilic, zwitterionic mechanism is in operation, in preference to purely anionic polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Naumann
- Institute for Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Klein
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34–36, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongren Wang
- Institute for Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institute for Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Textile Chemistry and Chemical Fibers, Körschtalstrasse 26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Naumann S, Dove AP. N-Heterocyclic carbenes for metal-free polymerization catalysis: an update. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Naumann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Andrew P Dove
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kepola EJ, Loizou E, Patrickios CS, Leontidis E, Voutouri C, Stylianopoulos T, Schweins R, Gradzielski M, Krumm C, Tiller JC, Kushnir M, Wesdemiotis C. Amphiphilic Polymer Conetworks Based on End-Linked "Core-First" Star Block Copolymers: Structure Formation with Long-Range Order. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1163-1168. [PMID: 35614799 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymer conetworks are cross-linked polymers that swell both in water and in organic solvents and can phase separate on the nanoscale in the bulk or in selective solvents. To date, however, this phase separation has only been reported with short-range order, characterized by disordered morphologies. We now report the first example of amphiphilic polymer conetworks, based on end-linked "core-first" star block copolymers, that form a lamellar phase with long-range order. These mesoscopically ordered systems can be produced in a simple fashion and exhibit significantly improved mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Schweins
- Large Scale
Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, Grenoble F-38042 Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für
Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Krumm
- Department
of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joerg C. Tiller
- Department
of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michelle Kushnir
- Department
of Chemistry and Integrated Biosciences Program, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department
of Chemistry and Integrated Biosciences Program, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang Y, Du GF, Xing F, Huang KW, Dai B, He L. N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Catalysed Diastereoselective Vinylogous Mukaiyama/Michael Reaction of 2-(Trimethylsilyloxy)furan and Enones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fen Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region P. R. China
- Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region P. R. China
| | - Fen Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region P. R. China
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Chemical and Life Sciences & Engineering and Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region P. R. China
| | - Lin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 449-701, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Synthesis and characterization of robust double-networks based on end-linked, pH-responsive first networks. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Jahnke MC, Hahn FE. Complexes with protic (NH,NH and NH,NR) N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
39
|
He L, Guo H, Wang Y, Du GF, Dai B. N-heterocyclic carbene-mediated transformations of silicon reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
40
|
Takada K, Ito T, Kitano K, Tsuchida S, Takagi Y, Chen Y, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. Synthesis of Homopolymers, Diblock Copolymers, and Multiblock Polymers by Organocatalyzed Group Transfer Polymerization of Various Acrylate Monomers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502298v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takada
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Frontier Chemistry
Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Frontier Chemistry
Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kodai Kitano
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Frontier Chemistry
Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsuchida
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Frontier Chemistry
Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yu Takagi
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Frontier Chemistry
Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yougen Chen
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Frontier Chemistry
Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Frontier Chemistry
Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Frontier Chemistry
Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tang J, Chen EYX. Organopolymerization of naturally occurring Tulipalin B: a hydroxyl-functionalized methylene butyrolactone. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring, OH-containing, tri-functional Tulipalin B has been successfully polymerized by N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphazene superbase catalysts into polymers with Mn up to 13.2 kg mol−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Matsuoka SI, Namera S, Suzuki M. Oxa-Michael addition polymerization of acrylates catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) smoothly catalyze the oxa-Michael addition polymerization of hydroxyl functionalized acrylate monomers at room temperature via a zwitterionic intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Shoko Namera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen Y, Takada K, Kubota N, Eric OT, Ito T, Isono T, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. Synthesis of end-functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) by organocatalyzed group transfer polymerization using functional silyl ketene acetals and α-phenylacrylates. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The α and ω-end-functionalization of PMMA by organocatalyzed GTP was achieved using functional silyl ketene acetals and α-phenylacrylates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yougen Chen
- Frontier Chemistry Center
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Kenji Takada
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Naoya Kubota
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Ofosu-Twum Eric
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Frontier Chemistry Center
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kikuchi S, Chen Y, Kitano K, Takada K, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. Organic acids as efficient catalysts for group transfer polymerization of N,N-disubstituted acrylamide with silyl ketene acetal: polymerization mechanism and synthesis of diblock copolymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The GTP of N,N-disubstituted acrylamide using organic acid and silyl ketene acetal was intensively investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Yougen Chen
- Frontier Chemistry Center
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Kodai Kitano
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Kenji Takada
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Frontier Chemistry Center
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Naumann S, Dove AP. N-Heterocyclic carbenes as organocatalysts for polymerizations: trends and frontiers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review spotlights current areas of high interest for NHC-based polymerization research.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen Y, Kitano K, Tsuchida S, Kikuchi S, Takada K, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. B(C6F5)3-catalyzed group transfer polymerization of alkyl methacrylates with dimethylphenylsilane through in situ formation of silyl ketene acetal by B(C6F5)3-catalyzed 1,4-hydrosilylation of methacrylate monomer. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00294j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The B(C6F5)3-catalyzed GTP of alkyl methacrylates using hydrosilane has been studied in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yougen Chen
- Frontier Chemistry Center
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Kodai Kitano
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Shinji Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Seiya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Kenji Takada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Frontier Chemistry Center
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Du GF, Xing F, Gu CZ, Dai B, He L. N-heterocyclic carbene-catalysed pentafluorophenylation of aldehydes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05487g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes have been utilized as highly efficient organocatalysts to catalyse multifluorophenylation of aldehydes with fluorinated aryltrimethylsilanes to afford the corresponding adducts in 49–99% yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fen Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University. Tianjin 300072
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
| | - Fen Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- China
| | - Lin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hong M, Chen EYX. Proton-Transfer Polymerization (HTP): Converting Methacrylates to Polyesters by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
49
|
Hong M, Chen EYX. Proton-Transfer Polymerization (HTP): Converting Methacrylates to Polyesters by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11900-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
50
|
Takada K, Fuchise K, Kubota N, Ito T, Chen Y, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. Synthesis of α-, ω-, and α,ω-End-Functionalized Poly(n-butyl acrylate)s by Organocatalytic Group Transfer Polymerization Using Functional Initiator and Terminator. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takada
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular
Chemistry, ‡Graduate School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and §Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Keita Fuchise
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular
Chemistry, ‡Graduate School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and §Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Naoya Kubota
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular
Chemistry, ‡Graduate School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and §Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular
Chemistry, ‡Graduate School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and §Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yougen Chen
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular
Chemistry, ‡Graduate School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and §Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular
Chemistry, ‡Graduate School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and §Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular
Chemistry, ‡Graduate School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and §Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty
of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|