1
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Luu T, Gristwood K, Knight JC, Jörg M. Click Chemistry: Reaction Rates and Their Suitability for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:715-731. [PMID: 38775705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Click chemistry has become a commonly used synthetic method due to the simplicity, efficiency, and high selectivity of this class of chemical reactions. Since their initial discovery, further click chemistry methods have been identified and added to the toolbox of click chemistry reactions for biomedical applications. However, selecting the most suitable reaction for a specific application is often challenging, as multiple factors must be considered, including selectivity, reactivity, biocompatibility, and stability. Thus, this review provides an overview of the benefits and limitations of well-established click chemistry reactions with a particular focus on the importance of considering reaction rates, an often overlooked criterion with little available guidance. The importance of understanding each click chemistry reaction beyond simply the reaction speed is discussed comprehensively with reference to recent biomedical research which utilized click chemistry. This review aims to provide a practical resource for researchers to guide the selection of click chemistry classes for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Luu
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Katie Gristwood
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - James C Knight
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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2
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Yamada T. Iron-Catalyzed C-H Alkylamination of Tyrosine Derivatives. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38875349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method for the direct alkylamination of tyrosine derivatives via iron-catalyzed C-H amination has been developed. The method, using O-benzoyl-N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines as aminating agents, provides various C-amino-functionalized tyrosine derivatives in up to 77% yield. The utility of this method is showcased by its application to the direct introduction of drug molecules into tyrosine, facilitating access to structurally diverse amino-functionalized tyrosine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamada
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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3
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Shi WY, Zhang SL. Copper/O 2-Mediated Oxidative C-C Activation of Nitriles for Selective Acylation-Bromination of Anilines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6929-6936. [PMID: 38717970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study reports selective dual amino acylation and C-H bromination of aniline compounds enabled by Cu/O2 catalyst systems. This method involves crucial oxidation-induced C-CN bond cleavage of α-methylene nitriles to generate an acylcyanide intermediate that is facilely intercepted by anilines. After amino acylation, the Cu(II) precatalyst in combination with NBS generates Cu(III)-Br in situ that engages in selective electrophilic para- or ortho-C-H bromination. The substrate scope, mechanistic aspects, and late-stage functionalization of biologically active anilines are studied. This study shows the synthetic potential of oxidative C-CN bond activation of nitriles for the development of valuable reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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4
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Denijs E, Unal K, Bevernaege K, Kasmi S, De Geest BG, Winne JM. Thermally Triggered Triazolinedione-Tyrosine Bioconjugation with Improved Chemo- and Site-Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12672-12680. [PMID: 38683141 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A bioconjugation strategy is reported that allows the derivatization of tyrosine side chains through triazolinedione-based "Y-clicking". Blocked triazolinedione reagents were developed that, in contrast to classical triazolinedione reagents, can be purified before use, can be stored for a long time, and allow functionalization with a wider range of cargoes and labels. These reagents are bench-stable at room temperature but steadily release highly reactive triazolinediones upon heating to 40 °C in buffered media at physiological pH, showing a sharp temperature response over the 0 to 40 °C range. This conceptually interesting strategy, which is complementary to existing photo- or electrochemical bioorthogonal bond-forming methods, not only avoids the classical synthesis and handling difficulties of these highly reactive click-like reagents but also markedly improves the selectivity profile of the tyrosine conjugation reaction itself. It avoids oxidative damage and "off-target" tryptophan labeling, and it even improves site-selectivity in discriminating between different tyrosine side chains on the same protein or different polypeptide chains. In this research article, we describe the stepwise development of these reagents, from their short and modular synthesis to small-molecule model bioconjugation studies and proof-of-principle bioorthogonal chemistry on peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Denijs
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kamil Unal
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Bevernaege
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabah Kasmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Amiri A, Abedanzadeh S, Davaeil B, Shaabani A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Protein click chemistry and its potential for medical applications. Q Rev Biophys 2024; 57:e6. [PMID: 38619322 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583524000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A revolution in chemical biology occurred with the introduction of click chemistry. Click chemistry plays an important role in protein chemistry modifications, providing specific, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-handle methods. Under physiological conditions, click chemistry often overlaps with bioorthogonal chemistry, defined as reactions that occur rapidly and selectively without interfering with biological processes. Click chemistry is used for the posttranslational modification of proteins based on covalent bond formations. With the contribution of click reactions, selective modification of proteins would be developed, representing an alternative to other technologies in preparing new proteins or enzymes for studying specific protein functions in different biological processes. Click-modified proteins have potential in diverse applications such as imaging, labeling, sensing, drug design, and enzyme technology. Due to the promising role of proteins in disease diagnosis and therapy, this review aims to highlight the growing applications of click strategies in protein chemistry over the last two decades, with a special emphasis on medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Amiri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Davaeil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Reyes C, Patarroyo MA. Self-assembling peptides: Perspectives regarding biotechnological applications and vaccine development. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128944. [PMID: 38145690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly involves a set of molecules spontaneously interacting in a highly coordinated and dynamic manner to form a specific supramolecular structure having new and clearly defined properties. Many examples of this occur in nature and many more came from research laboratories, with their number increasing every day via ongoing research concerning complex biomolecules and the possibility of harnessing it when developing new applications. As a phenomenon, self-assembly has been described on very different types of molecules (biomolecules including), so this review focuses on what is known about peptide self-assembly, its origins, the forces behind it, how the properties of the resulting material can be tuned in relation to experimental considerations, some biotechnological applications (in which the main protagonists are peptide sequences capable of self-assembly) and what is yet to be tuned regarding their research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Reyes
- PhD Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá DC 111321, Colombia; Structure Analysis Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá DC 111321, Colombia; Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá DC 111166, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá DC 111321, Colombia; Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá DC 111321, Colombia.
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7
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Zhang J, Liu J, Li X, Ju Y, Li Y, Zhang G, Li Y. Unexpected Cyclization Product Discovery from the Photoinduced Bioconjugation Chemistry between Tetrazole and Amine. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2122-2131. [PMID: 38190443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bioconjugation chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for the modification of diverse biomolecules under mild conditions. Tetrazole, initially proposed as a bioorthogonal photoclick handle for 1,3-dipolar cyclization with alkenes, was later demonstrated to possess broader photoreactivity with carboxylic acids, serving as a versatile bioconjugation and photoaffinity labeling probe. In this study, we unexpectedly discovered and validated the photoreactivity between tetrazole and primary amine to afford a new 1,2,4-triazole cyclization product. Given the significance of functionalized N-heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, we successfully harnessed the serendipitously discovered reaction to synthesize both pharmacologically relevant DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) and small molecule compounds bearing 1,2,4-triazole scaffolds. Furthermore, the mild reaction conditions and stable 1,2,4-triazole linkage found broad application in photoinduced bioconjugation scenarios, spanning from intramolecular peptide macrocyclization and templated DNA reaction cross-linking to intermolecular photoaffinity labeling of proteins. Triazole cross-linking products on lysine side chains were identified in tetrazole-labeled proteins, refining the comprehensive understanding of the photo-cross-linking profiles of tetrazole-based probes. Altogether, this tetrazole-amine bioconjugation expands the current bioconjugation toolbox and creates new possibilities at the interface of medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jinlu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yunzhu Ju
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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8
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Peng J, Hughes GR, Müller MM, Seebeck FP. Enzymatic Fluoromethylation as a Tool for ATP-Independent Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312104. [PMID: 37955592 PMCID: PMC10952888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases are involved in countless biological processes, including signal transduction, epigenetics, natural product biosynthesis, and detoxification. Only a handful of carboxylate methyltransferases have evolved to participate in amide bond formation. In this report we show that enzyme-catalyzed F-methylation of carboxylate substrates produces F-methyl esters that readily react with N- or S-nucleophiles under physiological conditions. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach to the synthesis of small amides, hydroxamates, and thioesters, as well as to site-specific protein modification and native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Peng
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
| | - Gregory R. Hughes
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House7 Trinity StreetSE1 1DBLondonUK
| | - Manuel M. Müller
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House7 Trinity StreetSE1 1DBLondonUK
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
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9
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Peng J, Hughes GR, Müller MM, Seebeck FP. Enzymatic Fluoromethylation as a Tool for ATP-Independent Ligation. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 136:e202312104. [PMID: 38516647 PMCID: PMC10952241 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202312104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases are involved in countless biological processes, including signal transduction, epigenetics, natural product biosynthesis, and detoxification. Only a handful of carboxylate methyltransferases have evolved to participate in amide bond formation. In this report we show that enzyme-catalyzed F-methylation of carboxylate substrates produces F-methyl esters that readily react with N- or S-nucleophiles under physiological conditions. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach to the synthesis of small amides, hydroxamates, and thioesters, as well as to site-specific protein modification and native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Peng
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
| | - Gregory R. Hughes
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House7 Trinity StreetSE1 1DBLondonUK
| | - Manuel M. Müller
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House7 Trinity StreetSE1 1DBLondonUK
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
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10
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Nithun RV, Yao YM, Lin X, Habiballah S, Afek A, Jbara M. Deciphering the Role of the Ser-Phosphorylation Pattern on the DNA-Binding Activity of Max Transcription Factor Using Chemical Protein Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310913. [PMID: 37642402 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of site-specifically modified transcription factors (TFs) is a powerful method to investigate how post-translational modifications (PTMs) influence TF-DNA interactions and impact gene expression. Among these TFs, Max plays a pivotal role in controlling the expression of 15 % of the genome. The activity of Max is regulated by PTMs; Ser-phosphorylation at the N-terminus is considered one of the key regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we developed a practical synthetic strategy to prepare homogeneous full-length Max for the first time, to explore the impact of Max phosphorylation. We prepared a focused library of eight Max variants, with distinct modification patterns, including mono-phosphorylated, and doubly phosphorylated analogues at Ser2/Ser11 as well as fluorescently labeled variants through native chemical ligation. Through comprehensive DNA binding analyses, we discovered that the phosphorylation position plays a crucial role in the DNA-binding activity of Max. Furthermore, in vitro high-throughput analysis using DNA microarrays revealed that the N-terminus phosphorylation pattern does not interfere with the DNA sequence specificity of Max. Our work provides insights into the regulatory role of Max's phosphorylation on the DNA interactions and sequence specificity, shedding light on how PTMs influence TF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj V Nithun
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yumi Minyi Yao
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Shaimaa Habiballah
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ariel Afek
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Muhammad Jbara
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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11
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Souto-Trinei FA, Brea RJ, Devaraj NK. Biomimetic construction of phospholipid membranes by direct aminolysis ligations. Interface Focus 2023; 13:20230019. [PMID: 37577004 PMCID: PMC10415742 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Construction of artificial cells requires the development of straightforward methods for mimicking natural phospholipid membrane formation. Here we describe the use of direct aminolysis ligations to spontaneously generate biomimetic phospholipid membranes from water-soluble starting materials. Additionally, we explore the suitability of such biomimetic approaches for driving the in situ formation of native phospholipid membranes. Our studies suggest that non-enzymatic ligation reactions could have been important for the synthesis of phospholipid-like membranes during the origin of life, and might be harnessed as simplified methods to enable the generation of lipid compartments in artificial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica A. Souto-Trinei
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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12
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Beutel J, Tannig P, Di Vincenzo R, Schumacher T, Überla K, Eichler J. Bind&Bite: covalently stabilized heterodimeric coiled-coil peptides for the site-selective, cysteine-free chemical modification of proteins. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:794-803. [PMID: 37799587 PMCID: PMC10549240 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring site-selectivity in covalent chemical modification of proteins is one of the major challenges in chemical biology and related biomedical disciplines. Most current strategies either utilize the selectivity of proteases, or are based on reactions involving the thiol groups of cysteine residues. We have modified a pair of heterodimeric coiled-coil peptides to enable the selective covalent stabilization of the dimer without using enzymes or cysteine moieties. Fusion of one peptide to the protein of interest, in combination with linking the desired chemical modification to the complementary peptide, facilitates stable, regio-selective attachment of the chemical moiety to the protein, through the formation of the covalently stabilized coiled-coil. This ligation method, which is based on the formation of isoeptide and squaramide bonds, respectively, between the coiled-coil peptides, was successfully used to selectively modify the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. Covalent stabilization of the coiled-coil also facilitated truncation of the peptides by one heptad sequence. Furthermore, selective addressing of individual positions of the peptides enabled the generation of mutually selective coiled-coils. The established method, termed Bind&Bite, can be expected to be beneficial for a range of biotechnological and biomedical applications, in which chemical moieties need to be stably attached to proteins in a site-selective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Beutel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
- Institut Virion-Serion GmbH Würzburg Germany
| | - Pierre Tannig
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Riccardo Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
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13
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Tian J, Li W, Deng X, Lakshminarayanan R, Srinivasan R. Chemoselective N-Acylation of Amines with Acylsilanes under Aqueous Acidic Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:5740-5744. [PMID: 37515781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile method for forming amide bonds between acylsilanes and a wide range of amines in the presence of a mild chlorinating agent under aqueous acidic conditions. The reaction is highly chemoselective, as exemplified by the late-stage modification of a panel of approved drugs and natural products containing reactive functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xingwang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | | | - Rajavel Srinivasan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
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14
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Yang P, Širvinskas MJ, Li B, Heller NW, Rong H, He G, Yudin AK, Chen G. Teraryl Braces in Macrocycles: Synthesis and Conformational Landscape Remodeling of Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37326500 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of medium-sized cyclic peptides accounts for their biological activity and other important physiochemical properties. Despite significant advances in the past few decades, chemists' ability to fine-tune the structure, in particular, the backbone conformation, of short peptides made of canonical amino acids is still quite limited. Nature has shown that cross-linking the aromatic side chains of linear peptide precursors via enzyme catalysis can generate cyclophane-braced products with unusual structures and diverse activities. However, the biosynthetic path to these natural products is challenging to replicate in the synthetic laboratory using practical chemical modifications of peptides. Herein, we report a broadly applicable strategy to remodel the structure of homodetic peptides by cross-linking the aromatic side chains of Trp, His, and Tyr residues with various aryl linkers. The aryl linkers can be easily installed via copper-catalyzed double heteroatom-arylation reactions of peptides with aryl diiodides. These aromatic side chains and aryl linkers can be combined to form a large variety of assemblies of heteroatom-linked multi-aryl units. The assemblies can serve as tension-bearable multijoint braces to modulate the backbone conformation of peptides as an entry to previously inaccessible conformational space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nicholas W Heller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H4, Canada
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H4, Canada
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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15
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Harrison K, Mackay AS, Kambanis L, Maxwell JWC, Payne RJ. Synthesis and applications of mirror-image proteins. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:383-404. [PMID: 37173596 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The homochirality of biomolecules in nature, such as DNA, RNA, peptides and proteins, has played a critical role in establishing and sustaining life on Earth. This chiral bias has also given synthetic chemists the opportunity to generate molecules with inverted chirality, unlocking valuable new properties and applications. Advances in the field of chemical protein synthesis have underpinned the generation of numerous 'mirror-image' proteins (those comprised entirely of D-amino acids instead of canonical L-amino acids), which cannot be accessed using recombinant expression technologies. This Review seeks to highlight recent work on synthetic mirror-image proteins, with a focus on modern synthetic strategies that have been leveraged to access these complex biomolecules as well as their applications in protein crystallography, drug discovery and the creation of mirror-image life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriona Harrison
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angus S Mackay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucas Kambanis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua W C Maxwell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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16
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Koshizuka M, Shinoda K, Makino K, Shimada N. Concise Synthesis of 2,5-Diketopiperazines via Catalytic Hydroxy-Directed Peptide Bond Formations. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37125993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Diketopiperazines (DKPs) with hydroxymethyl functional groups are essential structures found in many bioactive molecules and functional materials. We have established a simple protocol for the concise synthesis of this type of DKPs through diboronic acid anhydride-catalyzed hydroxy-directed peptide bond formations. The sequential reactions in this report, which consist of three steps, an intermolecular catalytic condensation reaction in which water is the only byproduct, a simple deprotection of the nitrogen-protecting group, and an intramolecular cyclization, enabled the synthesis of functionalized DKPs in high to excellent yields without any intermediate purification. The utility of this protocol has been demonstrated by synthesizing natural products, phomamide and Cyclo(Deala-l-Leu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Koshizuka
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kaito Shinoda
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Molecular Transformations, Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Natural Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
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17
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Pehlivan Ö, Waliczek M, Kijewska M, Stefanowicz P. Selenium in Peptide Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073198. [PMID: 37049961 PMCID: PMC10096412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have been exploring the potential of incorporating selenium into peptides, as this element possesses unique properties that can enhance the reactivity of these compounds. Selenium is a non-metallic element that has a similar electronic configuration to sulfur. However, due to its larger atomic size and lower electronegativity, it is more nucleophilic than sulfur. This property makes selenium more reactive toward electrophiles. One of the most significant differences between selenium and sulfur is the dissociation of the Se-H bond. The Se-H bond is more easily dissociated than the S-H bond, leading to higher acidity of selenocysteine (Sec) compared to cysteine (Cys). This difference in acidity can be exploited to selectively modify the reactivity of peptides containing Sec. Furthermore, Se-H bonds in selenium-containing peptides are more susceptible to oxidation than their sulfur analogs. This property can be used to selectively modify the peptides by introducing new functional groups, such as disulfide bonds, which are important for protein folding and stability. These unique properties of selenium-containing peptides have found numerous applications in the field of chemical biology. For instance, selenium-containing peptides have been used in native chemical ligation (NCL). In addition, the reactivity of Sec can be harnessed to create cyclic and stapled peptides. Other chemical modifications, such as oxidation, reduction, and photochemical reactions, have also been applied to selenium-containing peptides to create novel molecules with unique biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Pehlivan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Waliczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Kijewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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18
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Harel O, Jbara M. Chemical Synthesis of Bioactive Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217716. [PMID: 36661212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nature has developed a plethora of protein machinery to operate and maintain nearly every task of cellular life. These processes are tightly regulated via post-expression modifications-transformations that modulate intracellular protein synthesis, folding, and activation. Methods to prepare homogeneously and precisely modified proteins are essential to probe their function and design new bioactive modalities. Synthetic chemistry has contributed remarkably to protein science by allowing the preparation of novel biomacromolecules that are often challenging or impractical to prepare via common biological means. The ability to chemically build and precisely modify proteins has enabled the production of new molecules with novel physicochemical properties and programmed activity for biomedical research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. This minireview summarizes recent developments in chemical protein synthesis to produce bioactive proteins, with emphasis on novel analogs with promising in vitro and in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Harel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Muhammad Jbara
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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19
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Insertion of unnatural metal ligand in the heme pocket of nitrophorin through protein semi-synthesis: toward biomimicking binuclear active sites. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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20
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Chu X, Li B, Liu HY, Sun X, Yang X, He G, Zhou C, Xuan W, Liu SL, Chen G. Bioconjugation via Hetero-Selective Clamping of Two Different Amines with ortho-Phthalaldehyde. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212199. [PMID: 36398699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amino groups are common in both natural and synthetic compounds and offer a very attractive class of endogenous handles for bioconjugation. However, the ability to differentiate two types of amino groups and join them with high hetero-selectivity and efficiency in a complex setting remains elusive. Herein, we report a new method for bioconjugation via one-pot chemoselective clamping of two different amine nucleophiles using a simple ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) reagent. Various α-amino acids, aryl amines, and secondary amines can be crosslinked to the ϵ-amino side chain of lysine on peptides or proteins with high efficiency and hetero-selectivity. This method offers a simple and powerful means to crosslink small molecule drugs, imaging probes, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, and even virus particles without any pre-functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaochen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chuanzheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Weimin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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21
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Adelakun N, Parrish J, Chu N. Analyzing protein posttranslational modifications using enzyme-catalyzed expressed protein ligation. Methods Enzymol 2023; 682:319-350. [PMID: 36948706 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Expressed protein ligation (EPL) allows for the attachment of a synthetic peptide into the N- or C-terminus of a recombinant protein fragment to generate a site-specifically modified protein with substantial yields for biochemical and biophysical studies. In this method, multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs) can be incorporated into a synthetic peptide containing an N-terminal Cysteine, which selectively reacts with a protein C-terminal thioester to afford an amide bond formation. However, the requirement of a Cysteine at the ligation site can limit EPL's potential applications. Here, we describe a method called enzyme-catalyzed EPL, which uses subtiligase to ligate protein thioesters with Cysteine-free peptides. The procedure includes generating protein C-terminal thioester and peptide, performing the enzymatic EPL reaction, and purifying the protein ligation product. We exemplify this method by generating phospholipid phosphatase PTEN with site-specific phosphorylations installed onto its C-terminal tail for biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyi Adelakun
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, the Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jordan Parrish
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, the Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nam Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, the Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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22
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Dorn RS, Prescher JA. Bioorthogonal Phosphines: Then and Now. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Dorn
- Departments of Chemistry University of California Irvine California 92697 United States
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Departments of Chemistry University of California Irvine California 92697 United States
- Molecular Biology & Biochemistry University of California Irvine California 92697 United States
- Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California Irvine California 92697 United States
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23
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Haji Abbasi Somehsaraie M, Fathi Vavsari V, Kamangar M, Balalaie S. Chemical Wastes in the Peptide Synthesis Process and Ways to Reduce Them. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e123879. [PMID: 36942077 PMCID: PMC10024322 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-123879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, a growing interest has been observed among pharmaceutical companies in producing and selling 80 FDA-approved therapeutic peptides. However, there are many drawbacks to peptide synthesis at the academic and industrial scales, involving the use of large amounts of highly hazardous coupling reagents and solvents. This review focuses on hideous and observant wastes produced before, during, and after peptide synthesis and proposes some solutions to reduce them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaezeh Fathi Vavsari
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamangar
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Dowman LJ, Kulkarni SS, Alegre-Requena JV, Giltrap AM, Norman AR, Sharma A, Gallegos LC, Mackay AS, Welegedara AP, Watson EE, van Raad D, Niederacher G, Huhmann S, Proschogo N, Patel K, Larance M, Becker CFW, Mackay JP, Lakhwani G, Huber T, Paton RS, Payne RJ. Site-selective photocatalytic functionalization of peptides and proteins at selenocysteine. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6885. [PMID: 36371402 PMCID: PMC9653470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of modified peptides and proteins for applications in drug discovery, and for illuminating biological processes at the molecular level, is fueling a demand for efficient methods that facilitate the precise modification of these biomolecules. Herein, we describe the development of a photocatalytic method for the rapid and efficient dimerization and site-specific functionalization of peptide and protein diselenides. This methodology, dubbed the photocatalytic diselenide contraction, involves irradiation at 450 nm in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst and a phosphine and results in rapid and clean conversion of diselenides to reductively stable selenoethers. A mechanism for this photocatalytic transformation is proposed, which is supported by photoluminescence spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The utility of the photocatalytic diselenide contraction transformation is highlighted through the dimerization of selenopeptides, and by the generation of two families of protein conjugates via the site-selective modification of calmodulin containing the 21st amino acid selenocysteine, and the C-terminal modification of a ubiquitin diselenide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Dowman
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Sameer S. Kulkarni
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Juan V. Alegre-Requena
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872 USA
| | - Andrew M. Giltrap
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Alexander R. Norman
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Ashish Sharma
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Liliana C. Gallegos
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872 USA
| | - Angus S. Mackay
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Adarshi P. Welegedara
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Emma E. Watson
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Damian van Raad
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Gerhard Niederacher
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Huhmann
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicholas Proschogo
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Karishma Patel
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XCharles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joel P. Mackay
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Girish Lakhwani
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Thomas Huber
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Robert S. Paton
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872 USA
| | - Richard J. Payne
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
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25
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Ji X, Zhu N, Ma Y, Liu J, Hu Y. Protein C-Terminal Tyrosine Conjugation via Recyclable Immobilized BmTYR. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40532-40539. [PMID: 36385814 PMCID: PMC9647846 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein modification plays an essential role in biological and pharmaceutical research. Due to the ordinary selectivity and inevitable damage to proteins of chemical synthetic methods, increased efforts were focused on biocatalysts which exhibited high regioselectivity and mild reaction conditions. However, separation of the biocatalysts and modified proteins remained a problem, especially when scaling up. Here, we developed a simple method for site-specific protein modification with a recyclable biocatalyst. The immobilizing tyrosinase (BmTYR) on magnetic beads can oxidize C-terminal tyrosine residues of the target protein to o-quinone, followed by the spontaneous addition of different nucleophiles (e.g., aniline derivatives), resulting in a C-terminal modified protein. Compared to the homogeneous biocatalytic system reported before, this heterogeneous system leads to an easier separation. Furthermore, the solid-phase biocatalyst can be regenerated during separation, providing reusability and lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ji
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nanlin Zhu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanjie Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Otaka A. Development of Naturally Inspired Peptide and Protein Chemistry. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:748-764. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
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27
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Huang X, Yao J, Liu L, Luo Y, Yang A. Atg8-PE protein-based in vitro biochemical approaches to autophagy studies. Autophagy 2022; 18:2020-2035. [PMID: 35072587 PMCID: PMC9397461 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2025572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis. Over the past two decades, a series of scientific breakthroughs have helped explain autophagy-related molecular mechanisms and physiological functions. This tremendous progress continues to depend largely on powerful research methods, specifically, various autophagy marker Atg8-PE protein-based methods for studying membrane dynamics and monitoring autophagic activity. Recently, several biochemical approaches have been successfully developed to produce the lipidated protein Atg8-PE or its mimics in vitro, including enzyme-mediated reconstitution systems, chemically defined reconstitution systems, cell-free lipidation systems and protein chemical synthesis. These approaches have contributed important insights into the mechanisms underlying Atg8-mediated membrane dynamics and protein-protein interactions, creating a new perspective in autophagy studies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize Atg8-PE protein-based in vitro biochemical approaches and recent advances to facilitate a better understanding of autophagy mechanisms. In addition, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various Atg8-PE protein-based approaches to provide general guidance for their use in studying autophagy.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; COPII: coat protein complex II; DGS-NTA: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[(N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid)succinyl] (nickel salt); DPPE: 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; DSPE: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; E. coli: Escherichia coli; EPL: expressed protein ligation; ERGIC: ER-Golgi intermediate compartment; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GABARAPL1: GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1; GABARAPL2: GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GUVs: giant unilamellar vesicles; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MBP: maltose binding protein; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MESNa: 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt; NCL: native chemical ligation; NTA: nitrilotriacetic acid; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PS: phosphatidylserine; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SPPS: solid-phase peptide synthesis; TEV: tobacco etch virus; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,CONTACT Aimin Yang School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Kirsch SF, Bensberg K. Reactions with Geminal Diazides: Long Known, Full of Surprises, and New Opportunities. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGeminal diazides are uncommon yet powerful tools in organic synthesis. The chemistry of this class of functional compounds is characterized by quite unusual reactivities, including fragmentations and degradations, along with known reactions of organic azides. This Short Review highlights the major reactivities of various structural units having geminal diazido moieties, and provides an overview on the synthetic opportunities of such compounds.1 Introduction2 Preparation of Geminal Diazides3 Reactivities of Geminal Diazides3.1 α,α-Diazido Carbonyls3.2 1,3-Diketones3.3 Diazidated β-Ketoesters3.4 Diazidated Malonates3.5 Diazidated Malonamides3.6 Miscellaneous Geminal Diazides4 Conclusion
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Posttranslational Chemical Mutagenesis Methods to Insert Posttranslational Modifications into Recombinant Proteins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144389. [PMID: 35889261 PMCID: PMC9316245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) dramatically expand the functional diversity of the proteome. The precise addition and removal of PTMs appears to modulate protein structure and function and control key regulatory processes in living systems. Deciphering how particular PTMs affect protein activity is a current frontier in biology and medicine. The large number of PTMs which can appear in several distinct positions, states, and combinations makes preparing such complex analogs using conventional biological and chemical tools challenging. Strategies to access homogeneous and precisely modified proteins with desired PTMs at selected sites and in feasible quantities are critical to interpreting their molecular code. Here, we summarize recent advances in posttranslational chemical mutagenesis and late-stage functionalization chemistry to transfer novel PTM mimicry into recombinant proteins with emphasis on novel transformations.
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Yang Y, Fischer NH, Oliveira MT, Hadaf GB, Liu J, Brock-Nannestad T, Diness F, Lee JW. Carbon dioxide enhances sulphur-selective conjugate addition reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4526-4533. [PMID: 35605989 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulphur-selective conjugate addition reactions play a central role in synthetic chemistry and chemical biology. A general tool for conjugate addition reactions should provide high selectivity in the presence of competing nucleophilic functional groups, namely nitrogen nucleophiles. We report CO2-mediated chemoselective S-Michael addition reactions where CO2 can reversibly control the reaction pHs, thus providing practical reaction conditions. The increased chemoselectivity for sulphur-alkylation products was ascribed to CO2 as a temporary and traceless protecting group for nitrogen nucleophiles, while CO2 efficiently provide higher conversion and selectivity sulphur nucleophiles on peptides and human serum albumin (HSA) with various electrophiles. This method offers simple reaction conditions for cysteine modification reactions when high chemoselectivity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Niklas Henrik Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark. .,Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Maria Teresa Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark. .,Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Gul Barg Hadaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Theis Brock-Nannestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Frederik Diness
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark. .,Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ji-Woong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark. .,Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
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31
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Liao WJ, Lin SY, Kuo YS, Liang CF. Site-Selective Acylation of Phenols Mediated by a Thioacid Surrogate through Sodium Thiosulfate Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:4207-4211. [PMID: 35670502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sodium thiosulfate was used as the sulfur source that reacts with anhydrides to generate acyl-Bunte salts, after which a reaction with phenols was induced. This protocol can be applied for the site-selective acylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the presence of other alcoholic groups. The advantages of this acylation method are operational simplicity, high efficiency, and the use of odorless reagents with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jr Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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32
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Negi S, Hamori M, Sato A, Shimizu K, Kawahara-Nakagawa Y, Manabe T, Shibata N, Kitagishi H, Mashimo M, Sugiura Y. Transpeptidation reaction mediated by ligand- and metal cofactor-substituted Sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Negi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395
| | - Mami Hamori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395
| | - Kyoko Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395
| | - Yuka Kawahara-Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Faculty of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297
| | - Takayuki Manabe
- Clinical Research Support Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510
| | - Nobuhito Shibata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395
| | - Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321
| | - Masato Mashimo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395
| | - Yukio Sugiura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395
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33
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Landrieu I, Dupré E, Sinnaeve D, El Hajjar L, Smet-Nocca C. Deciphering the Structure and Formation of Amyloids in Neurodegenerative Diseases With Chemical Biology Tools. Front Chem 2022; 10:886382. [PMID: 35646824 PMCID: PMC9133342 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.886382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation into highly ordered, regularly repeated cross-β sheet structures called amyloid fibrils is closely associated to human disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, or systemic diseases like type II diabetes. Yet, in some cases, such as the HET-s prion, amyloids have biological functions. High-resolution structures of amyloids fibrils from cryo-electron microscopy have very recently highlighted their ultrastructural organization and polymorphisms. However, the molecular mechanisms and the role of co-factors (posttranslational modifications, non-proteinaceous components and other proteins) acting on the fibril formation are still poorly understood. Whether amyloid fibrils play a toxic or protective role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, such aberrant protein-protein interactions challenge the search of small-molecule drugs or immunotherapy approaches targeting amyloid formation. In this review, we describe how chemical biology tools contribute to new insights on the mode of action of amyloidogenic proteins and peptides, defining their structural signature and aggregation pathways by capturing their molecular details and conformational heterogeneity. Challenging the imagination of scientists, this constantly expanding field provides crucial tools to unravel mechanistic detail of amyloid formation such as semisynthetic proteins and small-molecule sensors of conformational changes and/or aggregation. Protein engineering methods and bioorthogonal chemistry for the introduction of protein chemical modifications are additional fruitful strategies to tackle the challenge of understanding amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Landrieu
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Elian Dupré
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Léa El Hajjar
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Smet-Nocca
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
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34
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Kulkarni SS, Watson EE, Maxwell JWC, Niederacher G, Johansen‐Leete J, Huhmann S, Mukherjee S, Norman AR, Kriegesmann J, Becker CFW, Payne RJ. Expressed Protein Selenoester Ligation. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202200163. [PMID: 38505698 PMCID: PMC10947028 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development and application of a novel expressed protein selenoester ligation (EPSL) methodology for the one-pot semi-synthesis of modified proteins. EPSL harnesses the rapid kinetics of ligation reactions between modified synthetic selenopeptides and protein aryl selenoesters (generated from expressed intein fusion precursors) followed by in situ chemoselective deselenization to afford target proteins at concentrations that preclude the use of traditional ligation methods. The utility of the EPSL technology is showcased through the efficient semi-synthesis of ubiquitinated polypeptides, lipidated analogues of the membrane-associated GTPase YPT6, and site-specifically phosphorylated variants of the oligomeric chaperone protein Hsp27 at high dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S. Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Emma E. Watson
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Joshua W. C. Maxwell
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Gerhard Niederacher
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jason Johansen‐Leete
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Susanne Huhmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alexander R. Norman
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Julia Kriegesmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
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35
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Kulkarni SS, Watson EE, Maxwell JWC, Niederacher G, Johansen-Leete J, Huhmann S, Mukherjee S, Norman AR, Kriegesmann J, Becker CFW, Payne RJ. Expressed Protein Selenoester Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200163. [PMID: 35194928 PMCID: PMC9314092 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development and application of a novel expressed protein selenoester ligation (EPSL) methodology for the one‐pot semi‐synthesis of modified proteins. EPSL harnesses the rapid kinetics of ligation reactions between modified synthetic selenopeptides and protein aryl selenoesters (generated from expressed intein fusion precursors) followed by in situ chemoselective deselenization to afford target proteins at concentrations that preclude the use of traditional ligation methods. The utility of the EPSL technology is showcased through the efficient semi‐synthesis of ubiquitinated polypeptides, lipidated analogues of the membrane‐associated GTPase YPT6, and site‐specifically phosphorylated variants of the oligomeric chaperone protein Hsp27 at high dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Emma E Watson
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joshua W C Maxwell
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gerhard Niederacher
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jason Johansen-Leete
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Susanne Huhmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander R Norman
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Julia Kriegesmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F W Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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36
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Zhao Z, Mousa R, Metanis N. One-Pot Chemical Protein Synthesis Utilizing Fmoc-Masked Selenazolidine to Address the Redox Functionality of Human Selenoprotein F. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200279. [PMID: 35112407 PMCID: PMC9304195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human SELENOF is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) selenoprotein that contains the redox active motif CXU (C is cysteine and U is selenocysteine), resembling the redox motif of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (CXXC). Like other selenoproteins, the challenge in accessing SELENOF has somewhat limited its full biological characterization thus far. Here we present the one-pot chemical synthesis of the thioredoxin-like domain of SELENOF, highlighted by the use of Fmoc-protected selenazolidine, native chemical ligations and deselenization reactions. The redox potential of the CXU motif, together with insulin turbidimetric assay suggested that SELENOF may catalyze the reduction of disulfides in misfolded proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SELENOF is not a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)-like enzyme, as it did not enhance the folding of the two protein models; bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and hirudin. These studies suggest that SELENOF may be responsible for reducing the non-native disulfide bonds of misfolded glycoproteins as part of the quality control system in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhao
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Reem Mousa
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
- Casali Center for Applied ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
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37
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Bierlmeier J, Álvaro‐Benito M, Scheffler M, Sturm K, Rehkopf L, Freund C, Schwarzer D. Sortase‐vermittelte Multi‐Fragment‐Kopplung durch Ligationsstellen‐Schaltung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bierlmeier
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 34 D-72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Miguel Álvaro‐Benito
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Thielallee 63 D-14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maren Scheffler
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 34 D-72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Kristina Sturm
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 34 D-72076 Tübingen Deutschland
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology Universität Genf 30 Quai E. Ansermet 1211 Genf Schweiz
| | - Luisa Rehkopf
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 34 D-72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Thielallee 63 D-14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 34 D-72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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38
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Marx A, Julier A, Radtke V, Scheffner M. Generation and characterization of site-specifically mono-ubiquitylated p53. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100659. [PMID: 35025136 PMCID: PMC9303418 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is regulated by various posttranslational modifications including different types of ubiquitylation, which exert distinct effects on p53. While modification by ubiquitin chains targets p53 for degradation, attachment of single ubiquitin moieties (mono‐ubiquitylation) affects the intracellular location of p53 and/or its interaction with chromatin. However, how this is achieved at the molecular level remains largely unknown. Similarly, since p53 can be ubiquitylated at different lysine residues, it remains unclear if the eventual effect depends on the position of the lysine modified. Here, we combined genetic code expansion with oxime ligation to generate p53 site‐specifically mono‐ubiquitylated at position 120. We found that mono‐ubiquitylation at this position neither interferes with p53 ubiquitylation by the E3 ligases HDM2 and E6AP in complex with the viral E6 oncoprotein nor affects p53 binding to a cognate DNA sequence. Thus, ubiquitylation per se does not affect physiologically relevant properties of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Marx
- Konstanz University, Department of Chemistry, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, GERMANY
| | | | - Vanessa Radtke
- University of Konstanz: Universitat Konstanz, Chemistry, GERMANY
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Xin X, Zhang Y, Gaetani M, Lundström SL, Zubarev RA, Zhou Y, Corkery DP, Wu YW. Ultrafast and Selective Labeling of Endogenous Proteins Using Affinity-based Benzotriazole Chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7240-7246. [PMID: 35799822 PMCID: PMC9214888 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical modification of proteins is enormously useful for characterizing protein function in complex biological systems and for drug development. Selective labeling of native or endogenous proteins is challenging owing to the existence of distinct functional groups in proteins and in living systems. Chemistry for rapid and selective labeling of proteins remains in high demand. Here we have developed novel affinity labeling probes using benzotriazole (BTA) chemistry. We showed that affinity-based BTA probes selectively and covalently label a lysine residue in the vicinity of the ligand binding site of a target protein with a reaction half-time of 28 s. The reaction rate constant is comparable to the fastest biorthogonal chemistry. This approach was used to selectively label different cytosolic and membrane proteins in vitro and in live cells. BTA chemistry could be widely useful for labeling of native/endogenous proteins, target identification and development of covalent inhibitors. Affinity-based benzotriazole (BTA) probes selectively and covalently label native proteins or endogenous proteins in cells with a fast reaction rate. It is enormously useful for characterizing protein function in biological systems and for drug development.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Xin
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University Umeå 90187 Sweden
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University Umeå 90187 Sweden
| | - Massimiliano Gaetani
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute Stockholm 17177 Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab) Stockholm 17177 Sweden
| | - Susanna L Lundström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute Stockholm 17177 Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab) Stockholm 17177 Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute Stockholm 17177 Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab) Stockholm 17177 Sweden
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Dale P Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University Umeå 90187 Sweden
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University Umeå 90187 Sweden
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40
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Schmidt N, Abendroth F, Vázquez O, Hantschel O. Synthesis of the l- and d-SH2 domain of the leukaemia oncogene Bcr-Abl. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1008-1012. [PMID: 35975004 PMCID: PMC9347351 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00108j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The d- and l-versions of the Bcr-Abl SH2 domain (12.7 kDa) were synthesized. Key optimizations included pseudoproline incorporation, N-terminal hydrophilic tail addition and mild N-acetoxy succinimide acetylation. Their folding and activity are as for the recombinant protein. Our results will enable engineering of mirror-image monobody antagonists of the central oncoprotein Bcr-Abl. The d- and l-versions of the Bcr-Abl SH2 domain (12.7 kDa) were synthesized successfully and show similar folding as compared to a recombinantly expressed version.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Abendroth
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hantschel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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41
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Xiao Q, Jones ZB, Hatfield SC, Ashton DS, Dalley NA, Dyer CD, Evangelista JL, Price JL. Structural guidelines for stabilization of α-helical coiled coils via PEG stapling. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1096-1104. [PMID: 36128502 PMCID: PMC9428657 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00237f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclization or stapling is one of the most well-known and generally applicable strategies for enhancing peptide/protein conformational stability and target binding affinity. However, there are limited structure- or sequence-based guidelines for the incorporation of optimal interhelical staples within coiled coils: the location and length of an interhelical staple is either arbitrarily chosen or requires significant optimization. Here we explore the impact of interhelical PEG stapling on the conformational stability and proteolytic resistance of a model disulfide-bound heterodimeric coiled coil. We demonstrate that (1) interhelical PEG staples are more stabilizing when placed farther from an existing disulfide crosslink; (2) e/g′ staples are more stabilizing than f/b′ or b/c′ staples; (3) PEG staples between different positions have different optimal staple lengths; (4) PEG stapling tolerates variation in the structure of the PEG linker and in the mode of conjugation; and (5) the guidelines developed here enable the rational design of a stabilized PEG-stapled HER-2 affibody with enhanced conformational stability and proteolytic resistance. Here we identify key criteria for designing PEG-stapled coiled coils with increased conformational and proteolytic stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Zachary B. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Samantha C. Hatfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Dallin S. Ashton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Dalley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Cody D. Dyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Judah L. Evangelista
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Joshua L. Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Jacobsen MT, Spaltenstein P, Giesler RJ, Chou DHC, Kay MS. Improved Handling of Peptide Segments Using Side Chain-Based "Helping Hand" Solubilizing Tools. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2530:81-107. [PMID: 35761044 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2489-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining high, or even sufficient, solubility of every peptide segment in chemical protein synthesis (CPS) remains a critical challenge; insolubility of just a single peptide segment can thwart a total synthesis venture. Multiple approaches have been used to address this challenge, most commonly by employing a chemical tool to temporarily improve peptide solubility. In this chapter, we discuss chemical tools for introducing semipermanent solubilizing sequences (termed helping hands) at the side chains of Lys and Glu residues. We describe the synthesis, incorporation by Fmoc-SPPS, and cleavage conditions for utilizing these two tools. For Lys sites, we discuss the Fmoc-Ddap-OH dimedone-based linker, which is achiral, synthesized in one step, can be introduced directly at primary amines, and is removed using hydroxylamine (or hydrazine). For Glu sites, we detail the new Fmoc-SPPS building block, Fmoc-Glu(AlHx)-OH, which can be prepared in an efficient process over two purifications. Solubilizing sequences are introduced directly on-resin and later cleaved with palladium-catalyzed transfer under aqueous conditions to restore a native Glu side chain. These two chemical tools are straightforward to prepare and implement, and we anticipate continued usage in "difficult" peptide segments following the protocols described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Jacobsen
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul Spaltenstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Riley J Giesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Kay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry is a set of methods using the chemistry of non-native functional groups to explore and understand biology in living organisms. In this review, we summarize the most common reactions used in bioorthogonal methods, their relative advantages and disadvantages, and their frequency of occurrence in the published literature. We also briefly discuss some of the less common but potentially useful methods. We then analyze the bioorthogonal-related publications in the CAS Content Collection to determine how often different types of biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, glycans, and lipids have been studied using bioorthogonal chemistry. The most prevalent biological and chemical methods for attaching bioorthogonal functional groups to these biomolecules are elaborated. We also analyze the publication volume related to different types of bioorthogonal applications in the CAS Content Collection. The use of bioorthogonal chemistry for imaging, identifying, and characterizing biomolecules and for delivering drugs to treat disease is discussed at length. Bioorthogonal chemistry for the surface attachment of proteins and in the use of modified carbohydrates is briefly noted. Finally, we summarize the state of the art in bioorthogonal chemistry and its current limitations and promise for its future productive use in chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Bird
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Steven A Lemmel
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Xiang Yu
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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44
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Bierlmeier J, Álvaro-Benito M, Scheffler M, Sturm K, Rehkopf L, Freund C, Schwarzer D. Sortase-Mediated Multi-Fragment Assemblies by Ligation Site Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202109032. [PMID: 34735044 PMCID: PMC9299656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sortase‐mediated ligation (SML) is a powerful tool of protein chemistry allowing the ligation of peptides containing LPxTG sorting motifs and N‐terminal glycine nucleophiles. The installation of a sorting motif into the product prohibits the assembly of multiple fragments by SML. Here we report multi‐fragment SML based on switchable sortase substrates. Substitution of the Leu residue by disulfide‐containing Cys(StBu) results in active sorting motifs, which are inactivatable by reduction. In combination with a photo‐protected N‐Gly nucleophile, multi‐fragment SML is enabled by repetitive cycles of SML and ligation site switching. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by a proof‐of‐concept four‐fragment ligation, the assembly of peptide probes for bivalent chromatin binding proteins and oligomerization of peptide antigens. Biochemical and immuno‐assays demonstrated functionality of these probes rendering them promising tools for immunology and chromatin biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bierlmeier
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miguel Álvaro-Benito
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Scheffler
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Sturm
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Rehkopf
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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45
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Vogl DP, Conibear AC, Becker CFW. Segmental and site-specific isotope labelling strategies for structural analysis of posttranslationally modified proteins. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1441-1461. [PMID: 34704048 PMCID: PMC8496066 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications can alter protein structures, functions and locations, and are important cellular regulatory and signalling mechanisms. Spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, as well as small-angle scattering, can provide insights into the structural and dynamic effects of protein posttranslational modifications and their impact on interactions with binding partners. However, heterogeneity of modified proteins from natural sources and spectral complexity often hinder analyses, especially for large proteins and macromolecular assemblies. Selective labelling of proteins with stable isotopes can greatly simplify spectra, as one can focus on labelled residues or segments of interest. Employing chemical biology tools for modifying and isotopically labelling proteins with atomic precision provides access to unique protein samples for structural biology and spectroscopy. Here, we review site-specific and segmental isotope labelling methods that are employed in combination with chemical and enzymatic tools to access posttranslationally modified proteins. We discuss illustrative examples in which these methods have been used to facilitate spectroscopic studies of posttranslationally modified proteins, providing new insights into biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik P Vogl
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria +43-1-4277-870510 +43-1-4277-70510
| | - Anne C Conibear
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences St Lucia Brisbane 4072 QLD Australia
| | - Christian F W Becker
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria +43-1-4277-870510 +43-1-4277-70510
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46
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Yang B, Kwon I. Chemical Modification of Cysteine with 3-Arylpropriolonitrile Improves the In Vivo Stability of Albumin-Conjugated Urate Oxidase Therapeutic Protein. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101334. [PMID: 34680451 PMCID: PMC8533278 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3-arylpropiolonitriles (APN) are promising alternatives to maleimide for chemo-selective thiol conjugation, because the reaction product has a remarkably hydrolytic stability compared with that of thiol-maleimide reactions in vitro. However, whether cysteine modification with APN enhances stability in vivo compared to thiol-maleimide reactions remains unclear, probably due to the too short in vivo serum half-life of a protein to observe significant cleavage of thiol-maleimide/-APN reaction products. The conjugation of human serum albumin (HSA) to a therapeutic protein reportedly prolongs the in vivo serum half-life. To evaluate the in vivo stability of the thiol-APN reaction product, we prepared HSA-conjugated Arthrobacter globiformis urate oxidase (AgUox), a therapeutic protein for gout treatment. Site-specific HSA conjugation to AgUox was achieved by combining site-specific incorporation of tetrazine containing an amino acid (frTet) into AgUox and a crosslinker containing trans-cyclooctene and either thiol-maleimide (AgUox-MAL-HSA) or -APN chemistry (AgUox-APN-HSA). Substantial cleavage of the thioester of AgUox-MAL-HSA was observed in vitro, whereas no cleavage of the thiol-APN product of AgUox-APN-HSA was observed. Furthermore, the in vivo serum half-life of AgUox-APN-HSA in the late phase was significantly longer than that of AgUox-MAL-HSA. Overall, these results demonstrate that the thiol-APN chemistry enhanced the in vivo stability of the HSA-conjugated therapeutic protein.
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47
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Kumar M, Reddy NC, Rai V. Chemical technologies for precise protein bioconjugation interfacing biology and medicine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7083-7095. [PMID: 34180471 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins provide an excellent means to monitor and regulate biological processes. Hence, a precise chemical toolbox for their modification becomes indispensable. In this perspective, this feature article outlines our efforts to establish the core principles of chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, site-specificity, site-modularity, residue-modularity, and protein-specificity. With the knowledge to systematically regulate these parameters, the field has access to technological platforms that can address multiple challenges at the interface of chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, MP 462 066, India.
| | - Neelesh C Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, MP 462 066, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, MP 462 066, India.
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48
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Long X, Wang J, Gao G, Nie C, Sun P, Xi Y, Li F. Direct Oxidative Amination of the Methyl C–H Bond in N-Heterocycles over Metal-Free Mesoporous Carbon. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Long
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongjie Xi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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49
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Jbara M, Pomplun S, Schissel CK, Hawken SW, Boija A, Klein I, Rodriguez J, Buchwald SL, Pentelute BL. Engineering Bioactive Dimeric Transcription Factor Analogs via Palladium Rebound Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11788-11798. [PMID: 34289685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TF), such as Myc, are proteins implicated in disease pathogenesis, with dysregulation of Myc expression in 50% of all human cancers. Still, targeting Myc remains a challenge due to the lack of small molecule binding pockets in the tertiary structure. Here, we report synthetic covalently linked TF mimetics that inhibit oncogenic Myc-driven transcription by antagonistic binding of the target DNA-binding site. We combined automated flow peptide chemistry with palladium(II) oxidative addition complexes (OACs) to engineer covalent protein dimers derived from the DNA-binding domains of Myc, Max, and Omomyc TF analogs. Palladium-mediated cross-coupling of synthesized protein monomers resulted in milligram quantities of seven different covalent homo- and heterodimers. The covalent helical dimers were found to bind DNA and exhibited improved thermal stability. Cell-based studies revealed the Max-Max covalent dimer is cell-penetrating and interfered with Myc-dependent gene transcription resulting in reduced cancer cell proliferation (EC50 of 6 μM in HeLa). RNA sequencing and gene analysis of extracted RNA from treated cancer cells confirmed that the covalent Max-Max homodimer interferes with Myc-dependent transcription. Flow chemistry, combined with palladium(II) OACs, has enabled a practical strategy to generate new bioactive compounds to inhibit tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jbara
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sebastian Pomplun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carly K Schissel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susana Wilson Hawken
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ann Boija
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Isaac Klein
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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50
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Wang Z, Wang X, Wang P, Zhao J. Allenone-Mediated Racemization/Epimerization-Free Peptide Bond Formation and Its Application in Peptide Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10374-10381. [PMID: 34191506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allenone has been identified as a highly effective peptide coupling reagent for the first time. The peptide bond was formed with an α-carbonyl vinyl ester as the key intermediate, the formation and subsequent aminolysis of which proceed spontaneously in a racemization-/epimerization-free manner. The allenone coupling reagent not only is effective for the synthesis of simple amides and dipeptides but is also amenable to peptide fragment condensation and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The robustness of the allenone-mediated peptide bond formation was showcased incisively by the synthesis of carfilzomib, which involved a rare racemization-/epimerization-free N to C peptide elongation strategy. Furthermore, the successful synthesis of the model difficult peptide ACP (65-74) on a solid support suggested that this method was compatible with SPPS. This method combines the advantages of conventional active esters and coupling reagents, while overcoming the disadvantages of both strategies. Thus, this allenone-mediated peptide bond formation strategy represents a disruptive innovation in peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengning Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Penghui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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