1
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Prischich D, Sortino R, Gomila-Juaneda A, Matera C, Guardiola S, Nepomuceno D, Varese M, Bonaventure P, de Lecea L, Giralt E, Gorostiza P. In vivo photocontrol of orexin receptors with a nanomolar light-regulated analogue of orexin-B. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:288. [PMID: 38970689 PMCID: PMC11335211 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Orexinergic neurons are critically involved in regulating arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. Their dysfunction has been associated with sleeping disorders, and non-peptide drugs are currently being developed to treat insomnia and narcolepsy. Yet, no light-regulated agents are available to reversibly control their activity. To meet this need, a photoswitchable peptide analogue of the endogenous neuroexcitatory peptide orexin-B was designed, synthesized, and tested in vitro and in vivo. This compound - photorexin - is the first photo-reversible ligand reported for orexin receptors. It allows dynamic control of activity in vitro (including almost the same efficacy as orexin-B, high nanomolar potency, and subtype selectivity to human OX2 receptors) and in vivo in zebrafish larvae by direct application in water. Photorexin induces dose- and light-dependent changes in locomotion and a reduction in the successive induction reflex that is associated with sleep behavior. Molecular dynamics calculations indicate that trans and cis photorexin adopt similar bent conformations and that the only discriminant between their structures and activities is the positioning of the N-terminus. This, in the case of the more active trans isomer, points towards the OX2 N-terminus and extra-cellular loop 2, a region of the receptor known to be involved in ligand binding and recognition consistent with a "message-address" system. Thus, our approach could be extended to several important families of endogenous peptides, such as endothelins, nociceptin, and dynorphins among others, that bind to their cognate receptors through a similar mechanism: a "message" domain involved in receptor activation and signal transduction, and an "address" sequence for receptor occupation and improved binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davia Prischich
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosalba Sortino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Gomila-Juaneda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvador Guardiola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- ONA Therapeutics, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Monica Varese
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- OMAKASE Consulting, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Bayach I, Almutlaq N, Alkhalifah MA, Asif M, Ayub K, Sheikh NS. Nonlinear Optical Properties and Phototunable Absorption of a Substituted Dihydroazulene-Vinylheptafulvene Pair of Photochromes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18951-18963. [PMID: 37273631 PMCID: PMC10233684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum calculations were used to study UV-vis absorption properties and nonlinear optical characteristics of a variety of substituted dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photoswitches. The absorption properties are substantially based on the position and nature of the substituent. In general, electron-donating groups cause red shifts compared to the parent compound. Any electron-withdrawing group, on the other hand, would generate a blue shift. Furthermore, the steric effect at some positions is accountable for the loss of planarity and, as a response, a decrease in electronic conjugation within the molecule, which in most cases result in blue shifts in maximum absorption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of substitution at the seven-membered ring of the DHA/VHF system on the absorption spectra and nonlinear optical characteristics of dihydroazulene photoswitches. UV-vis spectra and hyperpolarizability are determined since a prospective photoswitch should have a minimum overlap of absorption spectra from both isomers. Furthermore, the differential in hyperpolarizability between DHA and VHF is critical for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Bayach
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah Almutlaq
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alkhalifah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbah Asif
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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3
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Balboa JR, Essig DJ, Ma S, Karer N, Clemmensen LS, Pedersen SW, Joerger AC, Knapp S, Østergaard S, Strømgaard K. Development of a Potent Cyclic Peptide Inhibitor of the nNOS/PSD-95 Interaction. J Med Chem 2023; 66:976-990. [PMID: 36580549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The complex between the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and the postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The complex is formed via the PDZ protein domains of PSD-95, and efforts to disrupt the complex have generally been based on C-terminal peptides derived from the NMDAR. However, nNOS binds PSD-95 through a β-hairpin motif, providing an alternative starting point for developing PSD-95 inhibitors. Here, we designed a cyclic nNOS β-hairpin mimetic peptide and generated cyclic nNOS β-hairpin peptide arrays with natural and unnatural amino acids (AAs), which provided molecular insights into this interaction. We then optimized cyclic peptides and identified a potent inhibitor of the nNOS/PSD-95 interaction, with the highest affinity reported thus far for a peptide macrocycle inhibitor of PDZ domains, which serves as a template for the development of treatment for acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier R Balboa
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Research Chemistry 3, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.,Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik J Essig
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Research Chemistry 3, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.,Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sana Ma
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Karer
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise S Clemmensen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren W Pedersen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas C Joerger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Søren Østergaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Research Chemistry 3, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Bayach I, Al-Faiyz YSS, Alkhalifah MA, Almutlaq N, Ayub K, Sheikh NS. Phototunable Absorption and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Thermally Stable Dihydroazulene-Vinylheptafulvene Photochrome Pair. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35863-35874. [PMID: 36249387 PMCID: PMC9558242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The UV-vis absorption characteristics and nonlinear optical properties of a series of substituted dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photoswitches are investigated by applying quantum calculations. Introduction of substituents at the seven-membered ring resulted in significant changes in their absorption properties depending on the nature and position of the substituent. Electron-donating groups at positions 5, 6, 7, and 8 generally exhibited red shifts with respect to the parent compound. However, the steric effect at positions 8a and 4 is responsible for the loss of planarity and conjugation, which generally leads to blue shifts. In contrast, any electron-withdrawing group, particularly at positions 8a and 4, would cause a blue shift. The presence of bulky groups at position 8a results in a loss of planarity and, as a result, a decrease in electronic conjugation within the molecule, resulting in a blue shift in the maximum absorption. When it comes to halogens, the red shift is directly correlated to the nucleophilicity; the higher the nucleophilicity, the larger the red shift. Regarding hyperpolarizability, the charge separation induces higher hyperpolarizabilities for all substituted VHFs compared to the corresponding DHAs, resulting in a much higher NLO response. In addition, for all DHA and VHF, the highest values of hyperpolarizabilities are calculated for 6-substituted systems. Finally, the objective of this detailed theoretical investigation is to continue exploring the photophysical properties of DHA-VHF through structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Bayach
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasair S. S. Al-Faiyz
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alkhalifah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah Almutlaq
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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5
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Johnson C, Harwood JS, Lipton M, Chmielewski J. A refined photo‐switchable cyclic peptide scaffold for use in β‐turn activation. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Johnson
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - John S. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Mark Lipton
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Jean Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
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6
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Cai J, Ma W, Hao C, Sun M, Guo J, Xu L, Xu C, Kuang H. Artificial light-triggered smart nanochannels relying on optoionic effects. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Albert L, Vázquez O. Photoswitchable peptides for spatiotemporal control of biological functions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10192-10213. [PMID: 31411602 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light is unsurpassed in its ability to modulate biological interactions. Since their discovery, chemists have been fascinated by photosensitive molecules capable of switching between isomeric forms, known as photoswitches. Photoswitchable peptides have been recognized for many years; however, their functional implementation in biological systems has only recently been achieved. Peptides are now acknowledged as excellent protein-protein interaction modulators and have been important in the emergence of photopharmacology. In this review, we briefly explain the different classes of photoswitches and summarize structural studies when they are incorporated into peptides. Importantly, we provide a detailed overview of the rapidly increasing number of examples, where biological modulation is driven by the structural changes. Furthermore, we discuss some of the remaining challenges faced in this field. These exciting proof-of-principle studies highlight the tremendous potential of photocontrollable peptides as optochemical tools for chemical biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Albert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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8
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Saima B, Khan N, Al-Faiyz YSS, Ludwig R, Rehman W, Habib-Ur-Rehman M, Sheikh NS, Ayub K. Photo-tunable linear and nonlinear optical response of cyclophanediene-dihydropyrene photoswitches. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 88:261-272. [PMID: 30780115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophanediene (CPD)-dihydropyrene (DHP) is a negative T-type photochrome pair having a thermodynamically stable colored form, i.e., DHP. Interconversion between cyclophanediene and dihydropyrene is associated with significant changes in dipole moment, absorption wavelength and polarizability, which can impart substantial linear and nonlinear optical response. In this study, phototunable linear and nonlinear optical response of cyclophanediene-dihdyropyrene photoswitches is described. Cyclophanedienes and dihydropyrenes are functionalized at the internal position for maximum changes in volume and polarizability. The UV-Vis spectra are calculated at ɷB97XD, which was validated through a benchmark approach. An excellent correlation is observed between theoretical and experimental absorption spectra. Several CPD-DHP pairs have been recognized for clean interconversion in UV-Vis light without formation of a photostationary state. Nonlinear optical response of dihydropyrenes is remarkably higher than that of cyclophanedienes. In general, the calculated hyperpolarizability values of dihydropyrenes are about two to three orders of magnitude higher than those for cyclophanedienes. The trends in calculated hyperpolarizabilities are rationalized through two level method. The high nonlinear optical response of dihydropyrenes stems from low excitation energies. The remarkable difference in hyperpolarizabilities of these isomeric forms paves path for the design of phototunable nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Saima
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Yasair S S Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059, Rostock, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e, V. Alebert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mian Habib-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
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9
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Todorov PT, Peneva PN, Georgieva SI, Tchekalarova J, Vitkova V, Antonova K, Georgiev A. Synthesis, characterization and anticonvulsant activity of new azobenzene-containing VV-hemorphin-5 bio photoswitch. Amino Acids 2019; 51:549-563. [PMID: 30604096 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-02691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel analog of VV-hemorphin-5 containing azobenzene moiety has been synthesized and investigated for anticonvulsant activity in relation to its E → Z photophysical properties activated by long wavelength light at 365 nm. The synthesis was achieved by a modified SPPS by Fmoc-dimerization strategy. The electrochemical behavior before and after UV illumination was investigated using different voltammetric modes. The number of electrons transferred, heterogenic rate constant and diffusion coefficient for E- and Z-isomers were also evaluated. Revealing the governing principles involved in signaling and nerve pulse propagation requires the detailed characterization of the electrical properties of cell membranes. For probing the effect of synthesized azo-peptide on the membrane electrical properties, we measured the specific capacitance of lipid bilayers, representing a basic physical model of biomembranes with their simple reproducibility in laboratory conditions at controlled membrane composition and physicochemical parameters of the surrounding aqueous medium. Our results have shown reduced membrane capacitance in the presence of the azo-peptide, thus providing evidences for possible alterations in the dielectric permittivity of the bilayer. The (Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln)2Azo peptide was explored also in vivo for preliminary anticonvulsant activity by using the 6-Hz seizure test and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure test in mice. The Z-isomer has exhibited higher potency compared to E-isomer most pronouncedly in the 6 Hz test for psychomotor seizures where the compound had activity at all three tested doses. It was found that the Z-isomer decrease the latency for onset of clonic seizures induced by PTZ. These results demonstrate that the Z-isomer deserves further evaluation in other screening tests for anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar T Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petia N Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela I Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Vitkova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Antonova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anton Georgiev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Department of Optical Metrology and Holography, Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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10
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Photoswitchable peptide-based ‘on-off’ biosensor for electrochemical detection and control of protein-protein interactions. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 118:188-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Rampp MS, Hofmann SM, Podewin T, Hoffmann-Röder A, Moroder L, Zinth W. Time-resolved infrared studies of the unfolding of a light triggered β-hairpin peptide. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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12
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Abstract
The last few years have witnessed significant advances in the use of light as a stimulus to control biomolecular interactions. Great efforts have been devoted to the development of genetically encoded optobiological and small photochromic switches. Newly discovered small molecules now allow researchers to build molecular systems that are sensitive to a wider range of wavelengths of light than ever before with improved switching fidelities and increased lifetimes of the photoactivated states. Because these molecules are relatively small and adopt predictable conformations they are well suited as tools to interrogate cellular function in a spatially and temporally contolled fashion and for applications in photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mart
- School of Chemistry & Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Rudolf K Allemann
- School of Chemistry & Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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13
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Wagner-Wysiecka E, Łukasik N, Biernat JF, Luboch E. Azo group(s) in selected macrocyclic compounds. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2018; 90:189-257. [PMID: 29568230 PMCID: PMC5845695 DOI: 10.1007/s10847-017-0779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene derivatives due to their photo- and electroactive properties are an important group of compounds finding applications in diverse fields. Due to the possibility of controlling the trans-cis isomerization, azo-bearing structures are ideal building blocks for development of e.g. nanomaterials, smart polymers, molecular containers, photoswitches, and sensors. Important role play also macrocyclic compounds well known for their interesting binding properties. In this article selected macrocyclic compounds bearing azo group(s) are comprehensively described. Here, the relationship between compounds' structure and their properties (as e.g. ability to guest complexation, supramolecular structure formation, switching and motion) is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wagner-Wysiecka
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Łukasik
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan F Biernat
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Luboch
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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14
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Theoretical investigation on second-order nonlinear optical properties of ruthenium alkynyl-dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene complexes. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 77:363-371. [PMID: 28946068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ru metal acetylide electron donor-acceptor complexes have important applications in the field of nonlinear optics. Herein, in this work, a series of half-sandwich ruthenium-based Cp*(dpe)Ru ([Ru*]) metal complexes with the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results showed that the position of the [Ru*] acetylide functionality, either para or meta on the phenylene ring to the DHA/VHF core (1c/1o and 2c/2o), and additional a p-phenylene spacer (3c/3o) had a great influence on the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. The systems 1 and 3 can significantly increased second-order NLO responses compared with system 2. It was attributed to the more obvious charge transfer along y-axis, which is from [Ru*] acetylide functionality to DHA, accompanied by a significant decrease of the transition energy according electron density difference maps and time-dependent DFT calculations. The βvec values of the open-ring complexes were larger than the corresponding closed-ring complexes owing to the smaller HOMO-LUMO gap in the open-ring complexes. It was also because of the smaller BLA values in open-ring complexes, which had stronger π-conjugation. Especially, the change ratio of βvec value of system 2 was the largest due to the fact that their charge transfers degree varied greatly. In addition, the frequency-dependent NLO properties of the studied complexes were evaluated at 0.0239 a.u. and 0.0340 a.u. The calculation results demonstrated that the magnitude of the frequency-dependent first hyperpolarizability increased with the increasing frequency. We believe that our present work will be beneficial for further theoretical and experimental studies on large second-order NLO responses of metal complexes.
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15
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Pedersen SW, Albertsen L, Moran GE, Levesque B, Pedersen SB, Bartels L, Wapenaar H, Ye F, Zhang M, Bowen ME, Strømgaard K. Site-Specific Phosphorylation of PSD-95 PDZ Domains Reveals Fine-Tuned Regulation of Protein-Protein Interactions. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2313-2323. [PMID: 28692247 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The postsynaptic density protein of 95 kDa (PSD-95) is a key scaffolding protein that controls signaling at synapses in the brain through interactions of its PDZ domains with the C-termini of receptors, ion channels, and enzymes. PSD-95 is highly regulated by phosphorylation. To explore the effect of phosphorylation on PSD-95, we used semisynthetic strategies to introduce phosphorylated amino acids at four positions within the PDZ domains and examined the effects on interactions with a large set of binding partners. We observed complex effects on affinity. Most notably, phosphorylation at Y397 induced a significant increase in affinity for stargazin, as confirmed by NMR and single molecule FRET. Additionally, we compared the effects of phosphorylation to phosphomimetic mutations, which revealed that phosphomimetics are ineffective substitutes for tyrosine phosphorylation. Our strategy to generate site-specifically phosphorylated PDZ domains provides a detailed understanding of the role of phosphorylation in the regulation of PSD-95 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren W. Pedersen
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Albertsen
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Griffin E. Moran
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brié Levesque
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Stine B. Pedersen
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lina Bartels
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannah Wapenaar
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fei Ye
- Division
of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of
Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division
of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of
Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark E. Bowen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Mahmood T, Kosar N, Ayub K. DFT study of acceleration of electrocyclization in photochromes under radical cationic conditions: Comparison with recent experimental data. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Podewin T, Broichhagen J, Frost C, Groneberg D, Ast J, Meyer-Berg H, Fine NHF, Friebe A, Zacharias M, Hodson DJ, Trauner D, Hoffmann-Röder A. Optical control of a receptor-linked guanylyl cyclase using a photoswitchable peptidic hormone. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4644-4653. [PMID: 28626572 PMCID: PMC5471452 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical control over biological function with small photoswitchable molecules has gathered significant attention in the last decade. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a small library of photoswitchable peptidomimetics based upon human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), in which the photochromic amino acid [3-(3-aminomethyl)phenylazo]phenylacetic acid (AMPP) is incorporated into the peptide backbone. The endogeneous hormone ANP signals via the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) through raising intracellular cGMP concentrations, and is involved in blood pressure regulation and sodium homeostasis, as well as lipid metabolism and pancreatic function. The cis- and trans-isomers of one of our peptidomimetics, termed TOP271, exhibit a four-fold difference in NPR-A mediated cGMP synthesis in vitro. Despite this seemingly small difference, TOP271 enables large, optically-induced conformational changes ex vivo and transforms the NPR-A into an endogenous photoswitch. Thus, application of TOP271 allows the reversible generation of cGMP using light and remote control can be afforded over vasoactivity in explanted murine aortic rings, as well as pancreatic beta cell function in islets of Langerhans. This study demonstrates the broad applicability of TOP271 to enzyme-dependent signalling processes, extends the toolbox of photoswitchable molecules to all classes of transmembrane receptors and utilizes photopharmacology to deduce receptor activation on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Podewin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Christina Frost
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg , Institute of Physiology , Röntgenring 9 , 97070 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Julia Ast
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK
- Centre for Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
| | - Helena Meyer-Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK
- Centre for Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
| | - Andreas Friebe
- Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg , Institute of Physiology , Röntgenring 9 , 97070 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK
- Centre for Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Anja Hoffmann-Röder
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
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18
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Kitzig S, Rück-Braun K. Synthesis of hemithioindigo-based chromopeptides by using the Tmb auxiliary in native chemical ligation studies. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:567-573. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kitzig
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin; Str. des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - K. Rück-Braun
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin; Str. des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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19
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Nisa RU, Shahzad N, Ayub K. Density functional theory study of linear and non-linear optical properties of dihydroazulene-vinylheptafulvene photoswitches. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Pedersen SW, Moran GE, Sereikaitė V, Haugaard-Kedström LM, Strømgaard K. Importance of a Conserved Lys/Arg Residue for Ligand/PDZ Domain Interactions as Examined by Protein Semisynthesis. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1936-1944. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren W. Pedersen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Griffin E. Moran
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Vita Sereikaitė
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Linda M. Haugaard-Kedström
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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21
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Construction and application of photoresponsive smart nanochannels. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Kitzig S, Thilemann M, Cordes T, Rück-Braun K. Light-Switchable Peptides with a Hemithioindigo Unit: Peptide Design, Photochromism, and Optical Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1252-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kitzig
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Str. des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - M. Thilemann
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Str. des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - T. Cordes
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Karola Rück-Braun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Str. des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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23
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Broichhagen J, Podewin T, Meyer-Berg H, von Ohlen Y, Johnston NR, Jones BJ, Bloom SR, Rutter GA, Hoffmann-Röder A, Hodson DJ, Trauner D. Optical Control of Insulin Secretion Using an Incretin Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15565-9. [PMID: 26585495 PMCID: PMC4736448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Incretin mimetics are set to become a mainstay of type 2 diabetes treatment. By acting on the pancreas and brain, they potentiate insulin secretion and induce weight loss to preserve normoglycemia. Despite this, incretin therapy has been associated with off-target effects, including nausea and gastrointestinal disturbance. A novel photoswitchable incretin mimetic based upon the specific glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide was designed, synthesized, and tested. This peptidic compound, termed LirAzo, possesses an azobenzene photoresponsive element, affording isomer-biased GLP-1R signaling as a result of differential activation of second messenger pathways in response to light. While the trans isomer primarily engages calcium influx, the cis isomer favors cAMP generation. LirAzo thus allows optical control of insulin secretion and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Broichhagen
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Tom Podewin
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Helena Meyer-Berg
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Yorrick von Ohlen
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Natalie R Johnston
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Ben J Jones
- Imperial College London, Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Imperial College London, Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Anja Hoffmann-Röder
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany).
| | - David J Hodson
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK).
| | - Dirk Trauner
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany).
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24
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Broichhagen J, Podewin T, Meyer-Berg H, von Ohlen Y, Johnston NR, Jones BJ, Bloom SR, Rutter GA, Hoffmann-Röder A, Hodson DJ, Trauner D. Optische Kontrolle der Insulinsekretion mit einem Inkretinschalter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Towards thermally stable cyclophanediene-dihydropyrene photoswitches. J Mol Model 2015; 21:148. [PMID: 25986774 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophanediene dihydropyrenes (CPD-DHP) are photochromic compounds because they change their color by irradiation with lights of different color. Potential use of CPD-DHP photoswitch in memory devices requires a very slow thermal return in the dark in the absence of any side reaction. Herein, thermal return of CPDs to DHPs, and an unwanted sigmatropic shift in DHP is studied through density functional theory calculations at (U)B3LYP/6-31+G(d). The thermal return occurs through symmetry forbidden conrotatory electrocyclic reaction. Dimethyl amino CPD-DHP photoswitch pair has the highest activation barrier for electrocyclization and sigmatropic shifts. The lowest activation barrier for symmetry forbidden electrocyclization is observed for GeBr3 functionalized CPD. An unprecedented decomposition pathway involving elimination of the internal substituents is predicted for Cl, Br and SMe functionalized DHPs. This study shows great promise in understanding the Woodward Hoffmann forbidden processes and, in reducing the synthetic efforts toward robust photochromes for memory applications.
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26
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Giralt E. Josef Rudinger Memorial Lecture: Use of peptides to modulate protein-protein interactions. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:447-53. [PMID: 25847600 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are destined to play a major role as therapeutic agents. My laboratory is contributing to speeding up this process. On the one hand, we devote efforts to studying the molecular details and dynamics of the events that occur during molecular recognition at protein surfaces. We succeeded to design and synthesize peptides able to modulate these recognition events either permanently or in response to light. On the other hand, we are discovering and designing peptides able to cross biological barriers. Our aim is to use these peptides as shuttles for targeting therapeutic agents to organs, tissues, or cells, with a special emphasis on drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti Franqués 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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QIN CG, LU CX, OUYANG GW, QIN K, ZHANG F, SHI HT, WANG XH. Progress of Azobenzene-based Photoswitchable Molecular Probes and Sensory Chips for Chemical and Biological Analysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Kovaliov M, Wachtel C, Yavin E, Fischer B. Synthesis and evaluation of a photoresponsive quencher for fluorescent hybridization probes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7844-58. [PMID: 25177827 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01185f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, most nucleic acid detections using fluorescent probes rely on quenching of fluorescence by energy transfer from one fluorophore to another or to a non-fluorescent molecule (quencher). The most widely used quencher in fluorescent probes is 4-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)azo)benzoic acid (DABCYL). We targeted a nucleoside-DABCYL analogue which could be incorporated anywhere in an oligonucleotide sequence and in any number, and used as a quencher in different hybridization sensitive probes. Specifically, we introduced a 5-(4-((dimethylamino)phenyl)azo)benzene)-2'-deoxy-uridine (dU(DAB)) quencher. The photoisomerization and dU(DAB)'s ability to quench fluorescein emission have been investigated. We incorporated dU(DAB) into a series of oligonucleotide (ON) probes including strand displacement probes, labeled with both fluorescein (FAM) and dU(DAB), and TaqMan probes bearing one or two dU(DAB) and a FAM fluorophore. We used these probes for the detection of a DNA target in real-time PCR (RT-PCR). All probes showed amplification of targeted DNA. A dU(DAB) modified TaqMan RT-PCR probe was more efficient as compared to a DABCYL bearing probe (93% vs. 87%, respectively). Furthermore, dU(DAB) had a stabilizing effect on the duplex, causing an increase in Tm up to 11 °C. In addition we showed the photoisomerisation of the azobenzene moiety of dU(DAB) and the dU(DAB) triply-labeled oligonucleotide upon irradiation. These findings suggest that dU(DAB) modified probes are promising probes for gene quantification in real-time PCR detection and as photoswitchable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kovaliov
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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29
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Hoppmann C, Lacey VK, Louie GV, Wei J, Noel JP, Wang L. Genetically encoding photoswitchable click amino acids in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3932-6. [PMID: 24615769 PMCID: PMC4051619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability to reversibly control protein structure and function with light would offer high spatiotemporal resolution for investigating biological processes. To confer photoresponsiveness on general proteins, we genetically incorporated a set of photoswitchable click amino acids (PSCaas), which contain both a reversible photoswitch and an additional click functional group for further modifications. Orthogonal tRNA-synthetases were evolved to genetically encode PSCaas bearing azobenzene with an alkene, keto, or benzyl chloride group in E. coli and in mammalian cells. After incorporation into calmodulin, the benzyl chloride PSCaa spontaneously generated a covalent protein bridge by reacting with a nearby cysteine residue through proximity-enabled bioreactivity. The resultant azobenzene bridge isomerized in response to light, thereby changing the conformation of calmodulin. These genetically encodable PSCaas will prove valuable for engineering photoswitchable bridges into proteins for reversible optogenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hoppmann
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Vanessa K. Lacey
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Gordon V. Louie
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Jing Wei
- Jadebio, Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Joseph P. Noel
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Lei Wang
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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30
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Hoppmann C, Lacey VK, Louie GV, Wei J, Noel JP, Wang L. Genetically Encoding Photoswitchable Click Amino Acids inEscherichia coliand Mammalian Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Jafari MR, Deng L, Kitov PI, Ng S, Matochko WL, Tjhung KF, Zeberoff A, Elias A, Klassen JS, Derda R. Discovery of light-responsive ligands through screening of a light-responsive genetically encoded library. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:443-50. [PMID: 24195775 DOI: 10.1021/cb4006722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Light-responsive ligands are useful tools in biochemistry and cell biology because the function of these ligands can be spatially and temporally controlled. Conventional design of such ligands relies on previously available data about the structure of both the ligand and the receptor. In this paper, we describe de novo discovery of light-responsive ligands through screening of a genetically encoded light-responsive library. We ligated a photoresponsive azobenzene core to a random CX7C peptide library displayed on the coat protein of M13 phage. A one-pot alkylation/reduction of the cysteines yielded a photoresponsive library of random heptapeptide macrocycles with over 2 × 10(8) members. We characterized the reaction on-phage and optimized the yield of the modifications in phage libraries. Screening of the library against streptavidin yielded three macrocycles that bind to streptavidin in the dark and cease binding upon irradiation with 370 nm light. All ligands restored their binding properties upon thermal relaxation and could be turned ON and OFF for several cycles. We measured dissociation constants, Kd, by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) binding assay. For ligand ACGFERERTCG, the Kd of cis and trans isomers differed by 22-fold; an incomplete isomerization (85%), however, resulted in the apparent difference of 4.5-fold between the dark and the irradiated state. We anticipate that the selection strategy described in this report can be used to find light-responsive ligands for many targets that do not have known natural ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Jafari
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lu Deng
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Pavel I. Kitov
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Simon Ng
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wadim L. Matochko
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Katrina F. Tjhung
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Anthony Zeberoff
- Department
of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Anastasia Elias
- Department
of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - John S. Klassen
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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32
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Nonadiabatic dynamics study of bridged-azobenzene by the time-dependent density functional tight-binding method. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Szymański W, Beierle JM, Kistemaker HAV, Velema WA, Feringa BL. Reversible Photocontrol of Biological Systems by the Incorporation of Molecular Photoswitches. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6114-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Szymański
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - John M. Beierle
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Hans A. V. Kistemaker
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Velema
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
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Shahzad N, Nisa RU, Ayub K. Substituents effect on thermal electrocyclic reaction of dihydroazulene–vinylheptafulvene photoswitch: a DFT study to improve the photoswitch. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ulrich S, Dumy P, Boturyn D, Renaudet O. Engineering of biomolecules for sensing and imaging applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Böckmann M, Doltsinis NL, Marx D. Enhanced photoswitching of bridged azobenzene studied by nonadiabatic ab initio simulation. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:22A505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4733673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wang G, Zhang J. Photoresponsive molecular switches for biotechnology. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Brieke C, Rohrbach F, Gottschalk A, Mayer G, Heckel A. Light-controlled tools. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8446-76. [PMID: 22829531 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal control over chemical and biological processes plays a key role in life, where the whole is often much more than the sum of its parts. Quite trivially, the molecules of a cell do not form a living system if they are only arranged in a random fashion. If we want to understand these relationships and especially the problems arising from malfunction, tools are necessary that allow us to design sophisticated experiments that address these questions. Highly valuable in this respect are external triggers that enable us to precisely determine where, when, and to what extent a process is started or stopped. Light is an ideal external trigger: It is highly selective and if applied correctly also harmless. It can be generated and manipulated with well-established techniques, and many ways exist to apply light to living systems--from cells to higher organisms. This Review will focus on developments over the last six years and includes discussions on the underlying technologies as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Brieke C, Rohrbach F, Gottschalk A, Mayer G, Heckel A. Lichtgesteuerte Werkzeuge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
| | - Falk Rohrbach
- Universität Bonn, LIMES‐Institut, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Institut für Biochemie, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
| | - Günter Mayer
- Universität Bonn, LIMES‐Institut, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
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40
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Regner N, Herzog TT, Haiser K, Hoppmann C, Beyermann M, Sauermann J, Engelhard M, Cordes T, Rück-Braun K, Zinth W. Light-Switchable Hemithioindigo–Hemistilbene-Containing Peptides: Ultrafast Spectroscopy of the Z → E Isomerization of the Chromophore and the Structural Dynamics of the Peptide Moiety. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:4181-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300982a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Regner
- BioMolekulare
Optik and Center
for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oettingenstraße
67, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - T. T. Herzog
- BioMolekulare
Optik and Center
for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oettingenstraße
67, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - K. Haiser
- BioMolekulare
Optik and Center
for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oettingenstraße
67, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - C. Hoppmann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße
10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Beyermann
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße
10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Sauermann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Staße 11, 44227
Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Engelhard
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Staße 11, 44227
Dortmund, Germany
| | - T. Cordes
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group & Single-Molecule Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K. Rück-Braun
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Zinth
- BioMolekulare
Optik and Center
for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oettingenstraße
67, 80538 Munich, Germany
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41
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Photoresponsive hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1257-66. [PMID: 21745509 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are soft materials composed of a three-dimensional network which contain a high percentage of water similar to body tissue and are therefore regarded as a biocompatible material. Hydrogels have various potential applications in the biomedical field such as drug delivery and as scaffold for tissue engineering. Control over the physical properties of a hydrogel by an external stimulus is highly desirable and is therefore actively studied. Light is a particularly interesting stimulus to manipulate the properties of a hydrogel as it is a remote stimulus that can be controlled spatially and temporally with great ease and convenience. Therefore in recent years photoresponsive hydrogels have been investigated as an emerging biomaterial. Here we will review recent developments and discuss these new materials, and their applications in the biomedical field.
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Panja A, Matsuo T, Nagao S, Hirota S. DNA Cleavage by the Photocontrolled Cooperation of ZnII Centers in an Azobenzene-Linked Dizinc Complex. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11437-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201244y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anangamohan Panja
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama,
Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama,
Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagao
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama,
Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shun Hirota
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama,
Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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43
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Hoppmann C, Schmieder P, Heinrich N, Beyermann M. Photoswitchable Click Amino Acids: Light Control of Conformation and Bioactivity. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2555-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Hoppmann C, Schmieder P, Domaing P, Vogelreiter G, Eichhorst J, Wiesner B, Morano I, Rück-Braun K, Beyermann M. Photocontrol of Contracting Muscle Fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7699-702. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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46
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Umezawa N, Noro Y, Ukai K, Kato N, Higuchi T. Photocontrol of Peptide Function: Backbone Cyclization Strategy with Photocleavable Amino Acid. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1694-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
The photoisomerization of azobenzene has been known for almost 75 years but only recently has this process been widely applied to biological systems. The central challenge of how to productively couple the isomerization process to a large functional change in a biomolecule has been met in a number of instances and it appears that effective photocontrol of a large variety of biomolecules may be possible. This critical review summarizes key properties of azobenzene that enable its use as a photoswitch in biological systems and describes strategies for using azobenzene photoswitches to drive functional changes in peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates (192 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Beharry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St. Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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48
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Reuter R, Wegner HA. Synthesis and isomerization studies of cyclotrisazobiphenyl. Chemistry 2011; 17:2987-95. [PMID: 21294198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient synthesis of cyclotris[(E)-3'-(biphenyl-3-yldiazenyl)] compounds (CTBs). An unsubstituted CTB molecule is accessible in four steps in 10% yield overall, whereas a hexa(methoxymethyl ether) CTB analogue was prepared in nine steps (26% yield). The final macrocyclization step was accomplished in up to 80% yield by using a metal-template effect. Furthermore, the photochromic properties were investigated, and all four isomers were detected and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. A strong influence from the solvent and the irradiation wavelength on the switching process was observed. Irradiation in pyridine yielded the highest amount of the all-Z isomer in the photostationary state. For a full conversion to the all-E isomer, the reaction has to be heated to 45 °C. The isomerization to the all-E isomer is slow at room temperature, with a half-life time of the all-Z isomer of more than nine days in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Conditions were established to access each possible isomer as the major component in the photostationary state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reuter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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49
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Schrader TE, Cordes T, Schreier WJ, Koller FO, Dong SL, Moroder L, Zinth W. Folding and Unfolding of Light-Triggered β-Hairpin Model Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2010; 115:5219-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107683d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E. Schrader
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J. Schreier
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Florian O. Koller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Shou-Liang Dong
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Luis Moroder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zinth
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
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50
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Broman SL, Petersen MA, Tortzen CG, Kadziola A, Kilså K, Nielsen MB. Arylethynyl derivatives of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene photo/thermoswitch: tuning the switching event. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9165-74. [PMID: 20552980 DOI: 10.1021/ja103235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A selection of dihydroazulene (DHA) photoswitches incorporating an arylethynyl-substituent in the seven-membered ring was prepared by palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions employing a suitable bromo-functionalized DHA. Shielding of the alkyne bridge and separating the aryl and DHA units, by sterically demanding groups, was required to obtain stable compounds. The DHAs underwent a light-induced ring-opening to vinylheptafulvenes (VHFs) which were thermally converted to a mixture of two DHA regioisomers, one of which was the original one. The influence of the aryl groups on the DHA and VHF absorptions and on their interconversion was investigated in detail. The rates of the switching events were finely tuned by the donor or acceptor strength of the aryl group. The thermal ring closure was found to proceed most readily in the presence of an electron-donating group on the seven-membered ring. The rate constant was found to follow a Hammett linear free energy correlation, which signals that stabilization of a positive charge in the seven-membered ring plays a crucial role in the ring-closure reaction. In view of these findings, it was possible to control the switching event by protonation/deprotonation of an anilino-substituted DHA. Also, the light-induced ring opening reaction was strongly controlled by acid/base. In addition to the mesomeric effects exerted by an arylethynyl group, the inductive effects exerted by different groups on the thermal ring closure were elucidated. Although the alkyne bridge transmits the electronic character of the aryl group, the ring-closure is retarded for all the ethynylated compounds relative to the parent unsubstituted compound. Along with our synthesis of suitable arylalkynes, we discovered an interesting byproduct in a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction involving a nitrophenyl group, namely a diaryl azoxy compound. Its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Lindbaek Broman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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