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Tiwari M, Basavaraj MG, Dugyala VR. Tailoring Pickering Double Emulsions by in Situ Particle Surface Modification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2911-2921. [PMID: 36722867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental studies on the formation and stability of Pickering double emulsions are crucial for their industrial applications. Available methods of double emulsion preparation involve multiple tedious steps and can formulate a particular type of double emulsion, that is, water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) or oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o). In this work, we proposed a simple single-step in situ surface modification method to stabilize different types of double emulsions using hematite and silica particle systems which involves the addition of oleic acid. In the emulsification studies, we use (i) a combination of hematite and oleic acid, which is termed the binary system, and (ii) a mixture of hematite and silica particles together with oleic acid, which is designated as the ternary system. The wettability of hematite particles is tuned by direct or sequential addition of oleic acid to the water-decane medium. The direct surface modification (which involves the addition of a known quantity of oleic acid to the oil-water mixtures at once) of hematite particles in both binary and ternary systems shows transitional phase inversion from oil-in-water (o/w) to water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions. However, sequential surface modification results in the transition of a single emulsion to double emulsions. In the case of the binary system, the sequential surface modification of the hematite-particle-stabilized o/w emulsion can be converted into double emulsions of o/w/o type. However, in the case of the ternary system, i.e., in the presence of silica particles, sequential surface modification of hematite particles stabilizes both single (o/w) and double (w/o/w and o/w/o) emulsions. The critical concentration of oleic acid required to form a double emulsion is observed to be dependent on the ratio of the surface area of the silica particle to the total surface area of particles (S) and mixing protocols. A study of the size distribution of oil and water droplets of double emulsions shows that droplet size can be controlled by oleic acid concentration and magnitude of S. The arrangements of the particles at interfaces are visualized by SEM imaging. In this way, we developed an easy and novel single-step method of double emulsion preparation and provide a strategy to tailor the formation of different types of emulsions with a single/binary particle system by sequential in situ surface modification of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhvi Tiwari
- Soft Matter and Active Matter Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science (PECS) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkateshwar Rao Dugyala
- Soft Matter and Active Matter Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066Madhya Pradesh, India
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2
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Fonseca J, Gong T. Fabrication of metal-organic framework architectures with macroscopic size: A review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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3
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Dang S, Brady J, Rel R, Surineni S, O'Shaughnessy C, McGorty R. Core-shell droplets and microcapsules formed through liquid-liquid phase separation of a colloid-polymer mixture. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8300-8307. [PMID: 34550150 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcapsules allow for the controlled containment, transport, and release of cargoes ranging from pharmaceuticals to fragrances. Given the interest from a variety of industries in microcapsules and other core-shell structures, a multitude of fabrication strategies exist. Here, we report on a method relying on a mixture of temperature-responsive microgel particles, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM), and a polymer which undergo fluid-fluid phase separation. At room temperature this mixture separates into colloid-rich (liquid) and colloid-poor (gas) fluids. By heating the sample above a critical temperature where the microgel particles shrink dramatically and develop a more deeply attractive interparticle potential, the droplets of the colloid-rich phase become gel-like. As the temperature is lowered back to room temperature, these droplets of gelled colloidal particles reliquefy and phase separation within the droplet occurs. This phase separation leads to colloid-poor droplets within the colloid-rich droplets surrounded by a continuous colloid-poor phase. The gas/liquid/gas all-aqueous double emulsion lasts only a few minutes before a majority of the inner droplets escape. However, the colloid-rich shell of the core-shell droplets can solidify with the addition of salt. That this method creates core-shell structures with a shell composed of stimuli-sensitive microgel colloidal particles using only aqueous components makes it attractive for encapsulating biological materials and making capsules that respond to changes in, for example, temperature, salt concentration, or pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dang
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - John Brady
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - Ryle Rel
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - Sreenidhi Surineni
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - Conor O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - Ryan McGorty
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
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4
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Payne EM, Wells SS, Kennedy RT. Continuous and automated slug flow nanoextraction for rapid partition coefficient measurement. Analyst 2021; 146:5722-5731. [PMID: 34515695 PMCID: PMC8442929 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow) are widely used in pharmaceutical and environmental chemistry to assess the lipophilicity of compounds. Traditionally log Kow is determined using a shake-flask method that uses milliliters of sample and solvent and requires hours for preparation, extraction, and analysis. Here, we report an automated system for rapid log Kow determination for an array of compounds using slug flow nanoextraction (SFNE) enabled by a microfluidic chip. In the method, an autosampler is used to introduce 1 μL of sample into a microfluidic device that segments the injected volume into a series of 4 nL slugs that are each paired to an adjacent octanol slug. Each octanol-water phase pair is compartmentalized by an immiscible fluorous carrier fluid. During flow, rapid extraction occurs at each octanol-water interface. The resulting linear array of slugs flows into an online UV absorbance detector that is used to determine concentrations in the phases, allowing the log Kow to be measured. The microfluidic device allows toggling between two-phase "aqueous plug" generation (aqueous sample separated by fluorous carrier fluid) and three-phase "phase pair" generation. In this way, online calibration for detection in the aqueous phase can be achieved. The method is applied to determining log Kow for a panel of seven pharmaceutical compounds, including complete calibration curves, at three different pHs in under 2 h using 5 μL of extraction standard and 2.9 μL of octanol per extraction standard analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emory M Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
| | - Shane S Wells
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
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5
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Jeong SG, Choi Y, Nam JO, Lee CS, Choi CH. Surface-tension-induced double emulsion drops via phase separation of polymeric fluid confined in micromolds for capsule templates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:1012-1020. [PMID: 32927168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple and rapid route to produce double emulsion drops by utilizing phase separation of the confined fluid in micromolds and surface-tension-induced drop formation. Specifically, we use cross-shaped micromolds containing prepolymer solution that phase-separates into two compartments upon addition of wetting fluid with separation agent (SA). Subsequently, Laplace pressure-driven flow allows it to form double emulsion drops without use of any surfactants and complex formulations of fluids. The size of each compartment in the emulsion drops can be controlled by tuning composition of the prepolymer solution and separation agent, making the double emulsion drops with varying shell thicknesses. The phase separation creates two compartments with different polarity (i.e. water-soluble and water-insoluble), enabling encapsulation of both hydrophilic and/-or hydrophobic cargoes in desired compartments depending on their solubility. In addition, we produce poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) hydrogel microcapsules by solidifying middle phase in the double emulsion drops; thus, hydrophilic large cargo loaded priorly in the core can be encapsulated within hydrogel shells. Finally, by taking advantage of hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase transition behavior of pNIPAm, we achieve encapsulation of small cargo via post-loading approach; the encapsulated cargo can be released by tuning temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Geun Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Balaj RV, Zarzar LD. Reconfigurable complex emulsions: Design, properties, and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0028606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V. Balaj
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Lauren D. Zarzar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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7
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Moreira ACG, Manrique YA, Martins IM, Fernandes IP, Rodrigues AE, Lopes JCB, Dias MM. Continuous Production of Melamine-Formaldehyde Microcapsules Using a Mesostructured Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. G. Moreira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering−Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Yaidelin A. Manrique
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering−Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Martins
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering−Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
- Devan Chemicals, Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Rua Eng. Frederico Ulrich, No. 2650, Moreira da Maia 4470-605, Portugal
| | - Isabel P. Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering−Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - José C. B. Lopes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering−Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Madalena M. Dias
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering−Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
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8
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Zhang F, Jiang L, Zeng C, Wang C, Wang J, Ke X, Zhang L. Complex emulsions for shape control based on mass transfer and phase separation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5981-5989. [PMID: 32543634 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complex emulsions are used to fabricate new morphologies of multiple Janus droplets, evolving from non-engulfing to complete engulfing core/shell configuration. The produced droplets contain an aqueous phase of dextran (DEX) solution and an oil phase, which is mixed with ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). The PEGDA in the oil phase is transferred into the aqueous phase to form complex morphologies due to the phase separation of PEGDA and DEX. The effects are investigated including the ratio of oil to aqueous phase, the content of initial PEGDA, DEX and surfactants, and the type of surfactants. DEX/PEGDA-ETPTA core/shell-single phase Janus droplets are formed with an increasing engulfed oil droplet into the aqueous droplet while the ratio of oil to aqueous phase increases or the initial PEGDA content increases. The high DEX content leads to the DEX-PEGDA-ETPTA doublet Janus. The use of surfactants polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and Span 80 results in the formation of DEX/PEGDA/ETPTA single core/double shell and DEX/PEGDA-ETPTA core/shell-single phase Janus droplets, respectively. These complex emulsions are utilized to fabricate solid particles of complex shapes. This method contributes to new material design underpinned by mass transfer and phase separation, which can be extended to other complex emulsion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road(s), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
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9
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Gao N, Cui J, Zhang W, Feng K, Liang Y, Wang S, Wang P, Zhou K, Li G. Observation of osmotically driven, highly controllable and reconfigurable oil/water phase separation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7887-7897. [PMID: 31853347 PMCID: PMC6836749 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation has been proven to be a valuable method for producing structured materials and creating chemical systems. Although several strategies have been developed to date, osmotically driven oil/water phase separation has never been achieved owing to the limited solubility of inorganic salts in conventional organic solvents and thus the insufficient osmotic driving force to counterbalance the Laplace pressure associated with the interfacial tension. Herein, we report the discovery that a mixture of 1-alkyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and LiTf2N can generate sufficient and widely tunable osmotic pressure in oil to realize water transport from the surrounding aqueous phase into the oil phase, triggering spontaneous phase separation. This osmotically driven phase separation could be modulated with unprecedented flexibility, offering unlimited possibilities to facilely access diverse thermodynamically metastable structures using one system. Importantly, this oil system can serve as a general phase separation carrier platform for realizing phase separation of various substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Jiecheng Cui
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Kai Feng
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
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10
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Wang H, Liu R, Liu Y, Meng Y, Liu Y, Zhai H, Di D. Investigation on Adsorption Mechanism of Peptides with Surface-Modified Super-Macroporous Resins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4471-4480. [PMID: 30793909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) have experienced rapid growth because of their unique properties and applications. Recently, it was discovered that a series of MARs with super-macroporous and diverse functional groups were synthesized to adsorb and enrich peptides; however, the detailed change mechanism of pore diameter and element composition and peptide adsorption mechanism have not yet been established. In this study, MARs and modified MARs were prepared by the surfactant reverse micelles swelling method and Friedel-Crafts reaction, and the pore diameter and element changes of these super-macroporous resin particles were accurately determined to elucidate formation processes of modified MARs. The adsorption mechanism of four peptides on different MARs was investigated. Sieving effect, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonds interactions were found to play a major role in the adsorption process of peptides. Compared to that of the traditional resins, the adsorption capacity of super-macroporous MARs for peptides enormously increased. Electrostatic interactions have been explained perfectly by determining the isoelectric point. The molecular docking technology proved that the hydrogen-bonding receptor in MARs was a crucial factor for the adsorption capacity by autodock 4.26 and gromacs 5.14. These findings will enable selective adsorption of peptides by MARs, which also provides a theoretical basis for the construction of specific resin to adsorb different peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Yajie Meng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Honglin Zhai
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
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11
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Chao Y, Mak SY, Rahman S, Zhu S, Shum HC. Generation of High-Order All-Aqueous Emulsion Drops by Osmosis-Driven Phase Separation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802107. [PMID: 30118584 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Droplets containing ternary mixtures can spontaneously phase-separate into high-order structures upon a change in composition, which provides an alternative strategy to form multiphase droplets. However, existing strategies always involve nonaqueous solvents that limit the potential applications of the resulting multiple droplets, such as encapsulation of biomolecules. Here, a robust approach to achieve high-order emulsion drops with an all-aqueous nature from two aqueous phases by osmosis-induced phase separation on a microfluidic platform is presented. This technique is enabled by the existence of an interface of the two aqueous phases and phase separation caused by an osmolality difference between the two phases. The complexity of emulsion drops induced by phase separation could be controlled by varying the initial concentration of solutes and is systematically illustrated in a state diagram. In particular, this technique is utilized to successfully achieve high-order all-aqueous droplets in a different aqueous two-phase system. The proposed method is simple since it only requires two initial aqueous solutions for generating multilayered, organic-solvent-free all-aqueous emulsion drops, and thus these multiphase emulsion drops can be further tailored to serve as highly biocompatible material templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchuang Chao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Sze Yi Mak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Shakurur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shipei Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
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12
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Emulsion patterns in the wake of a liquid-liquid phase separation front. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3599-3604. [PMID: 29563232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716330115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscible liquids can phase separate in response to a composition change. In bulk fluids, the demixing begins on molecular-length scales, which coarsen into macroscopic phases. By contrast, confining a mixture in microfluidic droplets causes sequential phase separation bursts, which self-organize into rings of oil and water to make multilayered emulsions. The spacing in these nonequilibrium patterns is self-similar and scale-free over a range of droplet sizes. We develop a modified Cahn-Hilliard model, in which an immiscibility front with stretched exponential dynamics quantitatively predicts the spacing of the layers. In addition, a scaling law predicts the lifetime of each layer, giving rise to a stepwise release of inner droplets. Analogously, in long rectangular capillaries, a diffusive front yields large-scale oil and water stripes on the time scale of hours. The same theory relates their characteristic length scale to the speed of the front and the rate of mass transport. Control over liquid-liquid phase separation into large-scale patterns finds potential material applications in living cells, encapsulation, particulate design, and surface patterning.
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Zhang F, Liu L, Tan X, Sang X, Zhang J, Liu C, Zhang B, Han B, Yang G. Pickering emulsions stabilized by a metal-organic framework (MOF) and graphene oxide (GO) for producing MOF/GO composites. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7365-7370. [PMID: 28967941 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01567d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate the formation of a novel kind of Pickering emulsion that is stabilized by a Zr-based metal-organic framework (Zr-MOF) and graphene oxide (GO). It was found that the Zr-BDC-NO2 and GO solids assembling at the oil/water interface can effectively stabilize the oil droplets that are dispersed in the water phase. Such a Pickering emulsion offers a facile route for fabricating Zr-MOF/GO composite materials. After removing water and oil by freeze drying from Pickering emulsions, the Zr-MOF/GO composites were obtained and their morphologies, structures and interaction properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, respectively. The influences of the concentration of GO and Zr-MOF on the emulsion microstructures and the properties of the MOF/GO composites were studied. Based on experimental results, the mechanisms for the emulsion formation by Zr-MOF and GO and the as-synthesized superstructures of the Zr-MOF/GO composite were proposed. It is expected that this facile and tunable route can be applied to the synthesis of different kinds of MOF-based or GO-based composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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14
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Zhao C, Chen D, Hui Y, Weitz DA, Middelberg APJ. Controlled Generation of Ultrathin‐Shell Double Emulsions and Studies on Their Stability. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1393-1399. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Dong Chen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Institute of Process Equipment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Zheda Road No.38 Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Yue Hui
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - David A. Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Anton P. J. Middelberg
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
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15
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Wang H, Qin Z, Liu Y, Li X, Liu J, Liu Y, Huang D, Di D. Design and preparation of porous polymer particles with polydopamine coating and selective enrichment for biomolecules. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08175h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pore size distribution of novel gigaporous polymer particles were visualized characterization by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and this gigaporous materials had preferable selective enrichment performance for biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Zihao Qin
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- Sichuan University
| | - Yi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Xiaoting Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Jianfei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Dongdong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
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16
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Feng Y, Lee Y. Microfluidic fabrication of hollow protein microcapsules for rate-controlled release. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an internal phase separation method to direct protein self-assembly and control the formation of microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Youngsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
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17
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Chen Q, Chen D, Wu J, Lin JM. Flexible control of cellular encapsulation, permeability, and release in a droplet-templated bifunctional copolymer scaffold. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:064115. [PMID: 27990217 PMCID: PMC5148761 DOI: 10.1063/1.4972107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Designing cell-compatible, bio-degradable, and stimuli-responsive hydrogels is very important for biomedical applications in cellular delivery and micro-scale tissue engineering. Here, we report achieving flexible control of cellular microencapsulation, permeability, and release by rationally designing a diblock copolymer, alginate-conjugated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (Alg-co-PNiPAM). We use the microfluidic technique to fabricate the bifunctional copolymers into thousands of mono-disperse droplet-templated hydrogel microparticles for controlled encapsulation and triggered release of mammalian cells. In particular, the grafting PNiPAM groups in the synthetic cell-laden microgels produce lots of nano-aggregates into hydrogel networks at elevated temperature, thereafter enhancing the permeability of microparticle scaffolds. Importantly, the hydrogel scaffolds are readily fabricated via on-chip quick gelation by triggered release of Ca2+ from the Ca-EDTA complex; it is also quite exciting that very mild release of microencapsulated cells is achieved via controlled degradation of hydrogel scaffolds through a simple strategy of competitive affinity of Ca2+ from the Ca-Alginate complex. This finding suggests that we are able to control cellular encapsulation and release through ion-induced gelation and degradation of the hydrogel scaffolds. Subsequently, we demonstrate a high viability of microencapsulated cells in the microgel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
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18
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Silva BF, Rodríguez-Abreu C, Vilanova N. Recent advances in multiple emulsions and their application as templates. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Lee TY, Choi TM, Shim TS, Frijns RAM, Kim SH. Microfluidic production of multiple emulsions and functional microcapsules. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3415-40. [PMID: 27470590 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00809g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in microfluidics have enabled the controlled production of multiple-emulsion drops with onion-like topology. The multiple-emulsion drops possess an intrinsic core-shell geometry, which makes them useful as templates to create microcapsules with a solid membrane. High flexibility in the selection of materials and hierarchical order, achieved by microfluidic technologies, has provided versatility in the membrane properties and microcapsule functions. The microcapsules are now designed not just for storage and release of encapsulants but for sensing microenvironments, developing structural colours, and many other uses. This article reviews the current state of the art in the microfluidic-based production of multiple-emulsion drops and functional microcapsules. The three main sections of this paper discuss distinct microfluidic techniques developed for the generation of multiple emulsions, four representative methods used for solid membrane formation, and various applications of functional microcapsules. Finally, we outline the current limitations and future perspectives of microfluidics and microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea.
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20
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Liang S, Li J, Man J, Chen H. Mass-Transfer-Induced Multistep Phase Separation in Emulsion Droplets: Toward Self-Assembly Multilayered Emulsions and Onionlike Microspheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7882-7887. [PMID: 27427849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass-transfer-induced multistep phase separation was found in emulsion droplets. The agent system consists of a monomer (ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ETPTA), an oligomer (polyethylene glycol diacrylate, PEGDA 700), and water. The PEGDA in the separated layers offered partial miscibility of all the components throughout the multistep phase-separation procedure, which was terminated by the depletion of PEGDA in the outermost layer. The number of separated portions was determined by the initial PEGDA content, and the initial droplet size influenced the mass-transfer process and consequently determined the sizes of the separated layers. The resultant multilayered emulsions were demonstrated to offer an orderly temperature-responsive release of the inner cores. Moreover, the emulsion droplets can be readily solidified into onionlike microspheres by ultraviolet light curing, providing a new strategy in designing particle structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Man
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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21
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Zhang Q, Xu M, Liu X, Zhao W, Zong C, Yu Y, Wang Q, Gai H. Fabrication of Janus droplets by evaporation driven liquid-liquid phase separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5015-8. [PMID: 26983706 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a universal and scalable method to fabricate Janus droplets based on evaporation driven liquid-liquid phase separation. In this work, the morphologies and chemical properties of separate parts of the Janus droplets can be flexibly regulated, and more complex Janus droplets (such as core-shell Janus droplets, ternary Janus droplets, and multiple Janus droplets) can be constructed easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China.
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22
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Clegg PS, Tavacoli JW, Wilde PJ. One-step production of multiple emulsions: microfluidic, polymer-stabilized and particle-stabilized approaches. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:998-1008. [PMID: 26576500 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple emulsions have great potential for application in food science as a means to reduce fat content or for controlled encapsulation and release of actives. However, neither production nor stability is straightforward. Typically, multiple emulsions are prepared via two emulsification steps and a variety of approaches have been deployed to give long-term stability. It is well known that multiple emulsions can be prepared in a single step by harnessing emulsion inversion, although the resulting emulsions are usually short lived. Recently, several contrasting methods have been demonstrated which give rise to stable multiple emulsions via one-step production processes. Here we review the current state of microfluidic, polymer-stabilized and particle-stabilized approaches; these rely on phase separation, the role of electrolyte and the trapping of solvent with particles respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Clegg
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Joe W Tavacoli
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Pete J Wilde
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
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23
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Zhu A, Guo M. Microfluidic Controlled Mass-Transfer and Buckling for Easy Fabrication of Polymeric Helical Fibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:426-32. [PMID: 26762293 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic fabrication of helical microfibers is still a big challenge. The reason is that this always includes designing the necessary geometrical channels and chemical conditions to first form a flowing liquid jet, which has to be continually reacting and rapidly evolving in time from viscous liquid to a flexible solid to maintain the helical structure inside the microfluidic channels. In this report, dextran aqueous solution and liquid PEG400 are infused separately into the inner and outer channels of a simple single emulsion microfluidic device, respectively. The formed two phase stream then enters a widening collection tube, where automatically formation of dextran helical fiber happened due to water shifting and widening of the channel cooperatively induced buckling. Various experimental conditions that influence the amplitudes, wavelengths, and diameters of the formed helical fibers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidi Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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24
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Zhu AD, Guo MY. Single emulsion microfluidic production of Janus and core-shell particles via off-chip polymerization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Zarzar LD, Sresht V, Sletten EM, Kalow JA, Blankschtein D, Swager TM. Dynamically reconfigurable complex emulsions via tunable interfacial tensions. Nature 2015; 518:520-4. [PMID: 25719669 DOI: 10.1038/nature14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Emulsification is a powerful, well-known technique for mixing and dispersing immiscible components within a continuous liquid phase. Consequently, emulsions are central components of medicine, food and performance materials. Complex emulsions, including Janus droplets (that is, droplets with faces of differing chemistries) and multiple emulsions, are of increasing importance in pharmaceuticals and medical diagnostics, in the fabrication of microparticles and capsules for food, in chemical separations, in cosmetics, and in dynamic optics. Because complex emulsion properties and functions are related to the droplet geometry and composition, the development of rapid, simple fabrication approaches allowing precise control over the droplets' physical and chemical characteristics is critical. Significant advances in the fabrication of complex emulsions have been made using a number of procedures, ranging from large-scale, less precise techniques that give compositional heterogeneity using high-shear mixers and membranes, to small-volume but more precise microfluidic methods. However, such approaches have yet to create droplet morphologies that can be controllably altered after emulsification. Reconfigurable complex liquids potentially have great utility as dynamically tunable materials. Here we describe an approach to the one-step fabrication of three- and four-phase complex emulsions with highly controllable and reconfigurable morphologies. The fabrication makes use of the temperature-sensitive miscibility of hydrocarbon, silicone and fluorocarbon liquids, and is applied to both the microfluidic and the scalable batch production of complex droplets. We demonstrate that droplet geometries can be alternated between encapsulated and Janus configurations by varying the interfacial tensions using hydrocarbon and fluorinated surfactants including stimuli-responsive and cleavable surfactants. This yields a generalizable strategy for the fabrication of multiphase emulsions with controllably reconfigurable morphologies and the potential to create a wide range of responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Zarzar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vishnu Sresht
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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26
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Microfluidic approach for encapsulation via double emulsions. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 18:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Zhao CX, Middelberg AP. Titania microparticles using a facile microfluidic mass-transfer control method. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Choi CH, Kim J, Nam JO, Kang SM, Jeong SG, Lee CS. Microfluidic Design of Complex Emulsions. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:21-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Multiphase flow microfluidics for the production of single or multiple emulsions for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1420-46. [PMID: 23770061 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been directed towards developing novel drug delivery systems. Microfluidics, capable of generating monodisperse single and multiple emulsion droplets, executing precise control and operations on these droplets, is a powerful tool for fabricating complex systems (microparticles, microcapsules, microgels) with uniform size, narrow size distribution and desired properties, which have great potential in drug delivery applications. This review presents an overview of the state-of-the-art multiphase flow microfluidics for the production of single emulsions or multiple emulsions for drug delivery. The review starts with a brief introduction of the approaches for making single and multiple emulsions, followed by presentation of some potential drug delivery systems (microparticles, microcapsules and microgels) fabricated in microfluidic devices using single or multiple emulsions as templates. The design principles, manufacturing processes and properties of these drug delivery systems are also discussed and compared. Furthermore, drug encapsulation and drug release (including passive and active controlled release) are provided and compared highlighting some key findings and insights. Finally, site-targeting delivery using multiphase flow microfluidics is also briefly introduced.
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30
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Yang L, Wang K, Mak S, Li Y, Luo G. A novel microfluidic technology for the preparation of gas-in-oil-in-water emulsions. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3355-3359. [PMID: 23824066 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50652e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel microfluidic method for the controllable generation of uniform gas-in-oil-in-water double emulsions with ultra-thin liquid films (2-12 μm) covering microbubbles (116-180 μm). This method combines one dispersion stage and a mass transfer-induced phase separation process in a simple co-flowing microchannel, instead of a complicated microfluidic device fabrication and a multistage dispersion process. In our experiments, CO2-alkane gas mixtures (dispersed phase) and NaOH aqueous solutions (continuous phase) were utilized as working systems. The main factors affecting the diameter of the inner bubble and the volume of the oil film are discussed. Through our method, the monodispersed gas-in-oil-in-water emulsions can be prepared in a simple and precise way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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31
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Choi CH, Weitz DA, Lee CS. One step formation of controllable complex emulsions: from functional particles to simultaneous encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents into desired position. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2536-41. [PMID: 23526714 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a one-step method for generating complex emulsions that exploits the phase separation of the emulsion droplet generated in the microchannel. This approach easily produces double, triple, quadruple, and Janus emulsions with monodisperse size. These emulsions can be used as useful templates for the synthesis of new functional materials, such as microcapsules, hemispheres, Janus particles and microcarriers that are capable of simultaneously encapsulating hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds with selective compartmentalization in a one-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
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32
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Zhao CX, Middelberg APJ. Stimuli-responsive peptide nanostructures at the fluid-fluid interface. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 996:179-194. [PMID: 23504424 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-354-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The self-organization of peptide-based nanostructures at a confined fluid-fluid interface, for example, the air-water or oil-water interface, is important in the context of stabilizing macroscopic soft-matter foams and emulsions. The unique ability to design interfacial nanostructures by controlling the subtle cooperativity that drives peptide self-assembly, and the ability to switch molecular cooperativity by facile triggers such as pH, opens new vistas for controlling macroscopic soft matter in industries as diverse as healthcare and industrial processing. Here we describe research aimed at developing new understanding into soft-matter formation and control, through variation of peptide sequence and bulk conditions. Macroscopic foaming and microfluidic emulsification studies prove particularly useful in visualizing and hence understanding the synergistic link between molecular design, mesoscopic interfacial properties, and bulk soft-matter stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Zhao
- Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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33
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Jeong WC, Choi M, Lim CH, Yang SM. Microfluidic synthesis of atto-liter scale double emulsions toward ultrafine hollow silica spheres with hierarchical pore networks. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5262-5271. [PMID: 23123671 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40886d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A facile PDMS-glass hybrid microfluidic device is developed for generating uniform submicrometer-scale double emulsion droplets with unprecedented simplicity and controllability. Compared with planar flow-focusing geometries, our three-dimensional flow-focusing geometry is advantageous for stably producing femto- to atto-liter droplets without the retraction problem of the dispersed phase fluid. In addition, this microfluidic platform can withstand the use of strong organic solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran (THF) and toluene) as a dispersed phase without deforming PDMS devices because the dispersed phase containing organic solvents does not directly contact the PDMS wall. In particular, monodisperse double emulsions are generated spontaneously via the internal phase separation of single emulsions driven by the diffusion of a co-solvent (tetrahydrofuran) in microfluidic devices. Finally, we demonstrated that the double emulsions can be used as morphological templates of ultrafine spherical silica capsules with controlled hierarchical pore networks via the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method. During EISA, triblock copolymers (Pluronic F127) act as a surfactant barrier separating the internal droplet from the continuous oil phase, resulting in the 'inverse' morphology (i.e. hydrophobic polymer-in-water-in-oil emulsions). Depending on the precursor composition and kinetic condition, various structural and morphological features, such as mesoporous hollow silica spheres with a single central core, multi-cores, or a combination of these with robust controllability can be seen. Electron microscopy (SEM, STEM, HR-TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and N(2) adsorption-desorption confirm the well-controlled hierarchical pore structure of the resulting particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Chan Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejoen, 305-701, Korea
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34
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Bicudo RCS, Santana MHA. Production of hyaluronic acid (HA) nanoparticles by a continuous process inside microchannels: Effects of non-solvents, organic phase flow rate, and HA concentration. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Porous polymer particles—A comprehensive guide to synthesis, characterization, functionalization and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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36
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Formation of multiple water-in-ionic liquid-in-water emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 368:395-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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38
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Wang Q, Li J, Han B. Water-in-oil-in-water double nanoemulsion induced by CO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:684-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Cheng X, Liu R, He Y. A simple method for the preparation of monodisperse protein-loaded microspheres with high encapsulation efficiencies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 76:336-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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