1
|
Huang J, Keenan T, Richard F, Lu J, Jenny SE, Jean A, Arseniyadis S, Leitch DC. Chiral, air stable, and reliable Pd(0) precatalysts applicable to asymmetric allylic alkylation chemistry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8058. [PMID: 38052843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereoselective carbon-carbon bond formation via palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation is a crucial strategy to access chiral natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, catalysts based on the privileged Trost and Pfaltz-Helmchen-Williams PHOX ligands often require high loadings, specific preactivation protocols, and excess chiral ligand. This makes these reactions uneconomical, often unreproducible, and thus unsustainable. Here we report several chiral single-component Pd(0) precatalysts that are active and practically-applicable in a variety of asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions. Despite the decades-long history and widespread use of Trost-type ligands, the precatalysts in this work are the only reported examples of stable, isolable Pd(0) complexes with these ligands. Evaluating these precatalysts across nine asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions reveals high reactivity and selectivity at low Pd loading. Importantly, we also report an unprecedented Pd-catalyzed enantioselective allylation of a hydantoin, achieved on gram scale in high yield and enantioselectivity with only 0.2 mol% catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Huang
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Thomas Keenan
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - François Richard
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jingru Lu
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah E Jenny
- Temple University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Alexandre Jean
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210, Bolbec, France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - David C Leitch
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cusumano AQ, Zhang T, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Origins of Enhanced Enantioselectivity in the Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of N-Benzoyl Lactams. Catalysts 2023; 13:1258. [PMID: 37990660 PMCID: PMC10662798 DOI: 10.3390/catal13091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore the origins of the marked improvement in enantioselectivity in the inner-sphere (PHOX)Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of N-benzoyl lactam nucleophiles over their carbocyclic counterparts. We employ density functional theory calculations to aid in the interpretation of experimental results. Ultimately, we propose that the enhancement in enantioselectivity arises primarily from noncovalent interactions between the substrate and ligand rather than secondary substrate chelation, as previously hypothesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q. Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Flesch KN, Cusumano AQ, Chen PJ, Strong CS, Sardini SR, Du YE, Bartberger MD, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Divergent Catalysis: Catalytic Asymmetric [4+2] Cycloaddition of Palladium Enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11301-11310. [PMID: 37186945 PMCID: PMC10388310 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric decarboxylative [4+2] cycloaddition from a catalytically generated chiral Pd enolate was developed, forging four contiguous stereocenters in a single transformation. This was achieved through a strategy termed divergent catalysis, wherein departure from a known catalytic cycle enables novel reactivity of a targeted intermediate prior to re-entry into the original cycle. Mechanistic studies including quantum mechanics calculations, Eyring analysis, and KIE studies offer insight into the reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin N Flesch
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peng-Jui Chen
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christian Santiago Strong
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Stephen R Sardini
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yun E Du
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Majumdar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang S, Zhang GP, Jiang YJ, Yu FL, Ding CH, Hou XL. Pd-Catalyzed umpolung asymmetric allylic alkylation of hydrazones to vicinal tertiary and quaternary chiral carbon centers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3513-3516. [PMID: 35195135 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diastereo- and enantioselective construction of vicinal tertiary and quaternary carbon centers is a great challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a facile and efficient protocol to construct vicinal tertiary and quaternary chiral carbon centers in high yields with high regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities via Pd-catalyzed umpolung asymmetric allylic alkylation of hydrazones with monosubstituted allyl reagents by using Kündig-type chiral N-heterocyclic carbene as the ligand. The control experiments revealed that the reaction proceeds via the inner-sphere mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Gao-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yang-Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fei-Le Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chang-Hua Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xue-Long Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China. .,Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, SIOC, CAS, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laidlaw G, Franckevičius V. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Thietane 1,1-Dioxides. Org Lett 2021; 24:400-405. [PMID: 34914384 PMCID: PMC8762707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of thietane 1,1-dioxides via linear enolate intermediates from racemic starting materials has been developed. This process installs an α-sulfonyl tetrasubstituted stereogenic center with high enantioselectivity. The potential to transform the alkylated products to novel types of enantioenriched spirocycles for medicinal chemistry applications has also been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Laidlaw
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu J, Laguna EM, Kizhakkayil Mangadan AR, Kang K, Aponick A. The Enantioselective Intermolecular Saegusa Allylation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Edward M. Laguna
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Arun Raj Kizhakkayil Mangadan
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kyoungmin Kang
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
O'Hair RAJ. ORGANOMETALLIC GAS-PHASE ION CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS: INSIGHTS INTO THE USE OF METAL CATALYSTS TO PROMOTE SELECTIVITY IN THE REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:782-810. [PMID: 32965774 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are valuable organic substrates as they are widely available, easy to handle, and exhibit structural and functional variety. While they are used in many standard synthetic protocols, over the past two decades numerous studies have explored new modes of metal-mediated reactivity of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Mass spectrometry-based studies can provide fundamental mechanistic insights into these new modes of reactivity. Here gas-phase models for the following catalytic transformations of carboxylic acids and their derivatives are reviewed: protodecarboxylation; dehydration; decarbonylation; reaction as coordinated bases in C-H bond activation; remote functionalization and decarboxylative C-C bond coupling. In each case the catalytic problem is defined, insights from gas-phase studies are highlighted, comparisons with condensed-phase systems are made and perspectives are reached. Finally, the potential role for mechanistic studies that integrate both gas- and condensed-phase studies is highlighted by recent studies on the discovery of new catalysts for the selective decomposition of formic acid and the invention of the new extrusion-insertion class of reactions for the synthesis of amides, thioamides, and amidines. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The asymmetric alkylation of enolates is a particularly versatile method for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl motifs, which are ubiquitous in synthetic chemistry. Over the past several decades, the focus has shifted to the development of new catalytic methods that depart from classical stoichiometric stereoinduction strategies (e.g., chiral auxiliaries, chiral alkali metal amide bases, chiral electrophiles, etc.). In this way, the enantioselective alkylation of prochiral enolates greatly improves the step- and redox-economy of this process, in addition to enhancing the scope and selectivity of these reactions. In this review, we summarize the origin and advancement of catalytic enantioselective enolate alkylation methods, with a directed emphasis on the union of prochiral nucleophiles with carbon-centered electrophiles for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl derivatives. Hence, the transformative developments for each distinct class of nucleophile (e.g., ketone enolates, ester enolates, amide enolates, etc.) are presented in a modular format to highlight the state-of-the-art methods and current limitations in each area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pàmies O, Margalef J, Cañellas S, James J, Judge E, Guiry PJ, Moberg C, Bäckvall JE, Pfaltz A, Pericàs MA, Diéguez M. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4373-4505. [PMID: 33739109 PMCID: PMC8576828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review compiles the evolution, mechanistic understanding, and more recent advances in enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution and decarboxylative and oxidative allylic substitutions. For each reaction, the catalytic data, as well as examples of their application to the synthesis of more complex molecules, are collected. Sections in which we discuss key mechanistic aspects for high selectivity and a comparison with other metals (with advantages and disadvantages) are also included. For Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution, the catalytic data are grouped according to the type of nucleophile employed. Because of the prominent position of the use of stabilized carbon nucleophiles and heteronucleophiles, many chiral ligands have been developed. To better compare the results, they are presented grouped by ligand types. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative reactions are mainly promoted by PHOX or Trost ligands, which justifies organizing this section in chronological order. For asymmetric oxidative allylic substitution the results are grouped according to the type of nucleophile used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Margalef
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery
Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jinju James
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eric Judge
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Moberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel. St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Junk L, Kazmaier U. The Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:929-952. [PMID: 32953384 PMCID: PMC7482671 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of non-stabilized ketone enolates was thought for a long time to be not as efficient as the analogous reactions of stabilized enolates, e. g. of malonates and β-ketoesters. The field has experienced a rapid development during the last two decades, with a range of new, highly efficient protocols evolved. In this review, the early developments as well as current methods and applications of palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate allylations will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Junk
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cusumano AQ, Stoltz BM, Goddard WA. Reaction Mechanism, Origins of Enantioselectivity, and Reactivity Trends in Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: A Comprehensive Quantum Mechanics Investigation of a C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13917-13933. [PMID: 32640162 PMCID: PMC7802888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We utilize quantum mechanics to evaluate a variety of plausible mechanistic pathways for the entirety of the catalytic cycle for asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation of allyl β-ketoesters. We present a mechanistic picture that unites all current experimental observations, including enantioinduction, reaction rate, catalyst resting state, enolate crossover experiments, water tolerance, and the effects of solvation on inner- and outer-sphere mechanisms. Experiments designed to evaluate the fidelity and predictive power of the computational models reveal the methods employed herein to be highly effective in elucidating the reactivity of the catalytic system. On the basis of these findings, we highlight a computational framework from which chemically accurate results are obtained and address the current limitations of the decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Inanaga K, Wollenburg M, Bachman S, Hafeman NJ, Stoltz BM. Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of carbocyclic and heterocyclic spiranes via a decarboxylative aldol cyclization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7390-7395. [PMID: 33133488 PMCID: PMC7574022 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a variety of enantioenriched 1,3-diketospiranes from the corresponding racemic allyl β-ketoesters via an interrupted asymmetric allylic alkylation is disclosed. Substrates possessing pendant aldehydes undergo decarboxylative enolate formation in the presence of a chiral Pd catalyst and subsequently participate in an enantio- and diastereoselective, intramolecular aldol reaction to furnish spirocyclic β-hydroxy ketones which may be oxidized to the corresponding enantioenriched diketospiranes. Additionally, this chemistry has been extended to α-allylcarboxy lactam substrates leading to a formal synthesis of the natural product (-)-isonitramine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazato Inanaga
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd. , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
| | - Marco Wollenburg
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd. , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
| | - Shoshana Bachman
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd. , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
| | - Nicholas J Hafeman
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd. , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd. , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duquette DC, Cusumano AQ, Lefoulon L, Moore JT, Stoltz BM. Probing Trends in Enantioinduction via Substrate Design: Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of α-Enaminones. Org Lett 2020; 22:4966-4969. [PMID: 32543857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of α-enaminones. In addition to serving as valuable synthetic building blocks, we exploit the α-enaminone scaffold and its derivatives as probes to highlight structural and electronic factors that govern enantioselectivity in this asymmetric alkylation reaction. Utilizing the (S)-t-BuPHOX ligand in a variety of nonpolar solvents, the alkylated products are obtained in up to 99% yield and 99% enantiomeric excess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Duquette
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Louise Lefoulon
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jared T Moore
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Menges JA, Grandjean A, Clasen A, Jung G. Kinetics of Palladium(0)‐Allyl Interactions in the Tsuji‐Trost Reaction, derived from Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A. Menges
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Alexander Grandjean
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Anne Clasen
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Gregor Jung
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Saarland University Building B2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan L, Luo S, Chen S, Wang T, Wang P, Gong L. Nucleophile Coordination Enabled Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C−H Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16806-16810. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian‐Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shi‐Wei Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shu‐Sen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tian‐Ci Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pu‐Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Liu‐Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fan L, Luo S, Chen S, Wang T, Wang P, Gong L. Nucleophile Coordination Enabled Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C−H Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian‐Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shi‐Wei Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shu‐Sen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tian‐Ci Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pu‐Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Liu‐Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pohorilets I, Tracey MP, LeClaire MJ, Moore EM, Lu G, Liu P, Koide K. Kinetics and Inverse Temperature Dependence of a Tsuji–Trost Reaction in Aqueous Buffer. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Pohorilets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Matthew P. Tracey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael J. LeClaire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Emily M. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kazunori Koide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jones CG, Asay M, Kim LJ, Kleinsasser JF, Saha A, Fulton TJ, Berkley KR, Cascio D, Malyutin AG, Conley MP, Stoltz BM, Lavallo V, Rodríguez JA, Nelson HM. Characterization of Reactive Organometallic Species via MicroED. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1507-1513. [PMID: 31572777 PMCID: PMC6764211 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we apply microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) to the structural determination of transition-metal complexes. We find that the simultaneous use of 300 keV electrons, very low electron doses, and an ultrasensitive camera allows for the collection of data without cryogenic cooling of the stage. This technique reveals the first crystal structures of the classic zirconocene hydride, colloquially known as "Schwartz's reagent", a novel Pd(II) complex not amenable to solution-state NMR or X-ray crystallography, and five other paramagnetic and diamagnetic transition-metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics & Proteomics,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Matthew Asay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics & Proteomics,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Lee Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics & Proteomics,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Jack F. Kleinsasser
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United
States
| | - Ambarneil Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics & Proteomics,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Tyler J. Fulton
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and
Beckman Institute, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United
States
| | - Kevin R. Berkley
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United
States
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics & Proteomics,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Andrey G. Malyutin
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and
Beckman Institute, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United
States
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United
States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and
Beckman Institute, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United
States
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United
States
| | - José A. Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics & Proteomics,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Hosea M. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics & Proteomics,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Horn A, Kazmaier U. Stereoselective Modification of N-(α-Hydroxyacyl)-glycinesters via Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Org Lett 2019; 21:4595-4599. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Horn
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gill MA, Manthorpe JM. Development of Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Electron-Deficient Sulfones and Identification of Unusual Side Products. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6028-6039. [PMID: 30964285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of sulfones as electron-withdrawing groups in substrates for palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation was explored. A previously published trifluoromethanesulfonyl-based substrate was highly reactive and selective under mild conditions, but the substrate scope was not readily expanded. Instead, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl sulfones were employed, thereby simultaneously retaining most of the electron deficiency and providing facile synthetic access. Optimization of the catalytic conditions to maximize the product distribution to a synthetically useful level of the allylation product over the protonation side product proved extremely challenging, with inconsistent and irreproducible results afforded with Pd2(dba)3 as the palladium source. A variety of substrates were subjected to the optimized catalytic conditions of PdCp(1-cinnamyl) and Xantphos in tetrahydrofuran at 50 °C for 30 min. These conditions were applicable to all substrates with the exception of the α,α-dimethyl allyl ester, which required more forcing conditions and afforded four products: the allylation and protonation products, as expected, along with a cyclopropylation product and an unprecedented pseudodimeric product. The mechanism for the formation of these unusual side products is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Gill
- Department of Chemistry , Carleton University , 1121 Colonel By Drive , 203 Steacie Building, Ottawa , Ontario K1B 3Z8 , Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Manthorpe
- Department of Chemistry , Carleton University , 1121 Colonel By Drive , 203 Steacie Building, Ottawa , Ontario K1B 3Z8 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
McPherson KE, Croatt MP, Morehead AT, Sargent AL. DFT Mechanistic Investigation of an Enantioselective Tsuji–Trost Allylation Reaction. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Mitchell P. Croatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Andrew T. Morehead
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Andrew L. Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chénard É, Cusson JP, Hanessian S. Catalytic asymmetric Friedel–Crafts synthesis of 1,1′-diaryl-2-substituted 4-pentenes enables stereoselective access to functionalized tetrahydronaphthalenes. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of electron-rich arenes were reacted with 1-alkyl or 1-aryl 1′-allyl benzylic alcohols to give the corresponding 1,1′-diarylalkanes, in the presence of Lewis and Brønsted acids as catalysts. In the presence of HBF4, 1,1′-diarylalkanes containing an allylic chain were shown to form tetrahydronaphthalenes through a rearrangement involving spirocyclic intermediates. The mechanism of the cyclization is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Chénard
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Cusson
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale A, Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Starkov P, Moore JT, Duquette DC, Stoltz BM, Marek I. Enantioselective Construction of Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters: Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of Fully Substituted Amide Enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [PMID: 28625056 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a divergent and modular protocol for the preparation of acyclic molecular frameworks containing newly created quaternary carbon stereocenters. Central to this approach is a sequence composed of a (1) regioselective and -retentive preparation of allyloxycarbonyl-trapped fully substituted stereodefined amide enolates and of a (2) enantioselective palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation reaction using a novel bisphosphine ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Starkov
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jared T Moore
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Douglas C Duquette
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu J, Han Z, Wang X, Meng F, Wang Z, Ding K. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Construction of Vicinal Tertiary and All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Allylation of β-Ketocarbonyls with Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5050-5054. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhaobin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Fanye Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Kuiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu J, Han Z, Wang X, Meng F, Wang Z, Ding K. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Construction of Vicinal Tertiary and All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Allylation of β-Ketocarbonyls with Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhaobin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Fanye Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Kuiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bhat V, Welin ER, Guo X, Stoltz BM. Advances in Stereoconvergent Catalysis from 2005 to 2015: Transition-Metal-Mediated Stereoablative Reactions, Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions, and Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4528-4561. [PMID: 28164696 PMCID: PMC5516946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stereoconvergent catalysis is an important subset of asymmetric synthesis that encompasses stereoablative transformations, dynamic kinetic resolutions, and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations. Initially, only enzymes were known to catalyze dynamic kinetic processes, but recently various synthetic catalysts have been developed. This Review summarizes major advances in nonenzymatic, transition-metal-promoted dynamic asymmetric transformations reported between 2005 and 2015.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric R. Welin
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Leng WL, Liao H, Yao H, Ang ZE, Xiang S, Liu XW. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation/Wittig Reaction: Substrate-Controlled Synthesis of C-Vinyl Glycosides. Org Lett 2017; 19:416-419. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Leng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hongze Liao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hui Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zi-En Ang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shaohua Xiang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Palladium/N-heterocyclic carbene catalysed regio and diastereoselective reaction of ketones with allyl reagents via inner-sphere mechanism. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11806. [PMID: 27283477 PMCID: PMC4906412 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalysed allylic substitution reaction is one of the most important reactions in transition-metal catalysis and has been well-studied in the past decades. Most of the reactions proceed through an outer-sphere mechanism, affording linear products when monosubstituted allyl reagents are used. Here, we report an efficient Palladium-catalysed protocol for reactions of β-substituted ketones with monosubstituted allyl substrates, simply by using N-heterocyclic carbene as ligand, leading to branched products with up to three contiguous stereocentres in a (syn, anti)-mode with excellent regio and diastereoselectivities. The scope of the protocol in organic synthesis has been examined preliminarily. Mechanistic studies by both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the reaction proceeds via an inner-sphere mechanism-nucleophilic attack of enolate oxygen on Palladium followed by C-C bond-forming [3,3']-reductive elimination.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kenny M, Kitson DJ, Franckevičius V. Catalytic Chemo- and Regioselective Coupling of 1,3-Dicarbonyls with N-Heterocyclic Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5162-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miles Kenny
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Kitson
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Vilius Franckevičius
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marziale AN, Duquette DC, Craig RA, Kim KE, Liniger M, Numajiri Y, Stoltz BM. An Efficient Protocol for the Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation Using Low Palladium Concentrations and a Palladium(II) Precatalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2015; 357:2238-2245. [PMID: 27042171 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective catalytic allylic alkylation for the synthesis of 2-alkyl-2-allylcycloalkanones and 3,3-disubstituted pyrrolidinones, piperidinones and piperazinones has been previously reported by our laboratory. The efficient construction of chiral all-carbon quaternary centers by allylic alkylation was previously achieved with a catalyst derived in situ from zero valent palladium sources and chiral phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. We now report an improved reaction protocol with broad applicability among different substrate classes in industry-compatible reaction media using loadings of palladium(II) acetate as low as 0.075 mol % and the readily available chiral PHOX ligands. The novel and highly efficient procedure enables facile scale-up of the reaction in an economical and sustainable fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Marziale
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Douglas C Duquette
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert A Craig
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kelly E Kim
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marc Liniger
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huwig K, Schultz K, Kazmaier U. Regio- und stereoselektive Modifizierung chiraler α-Aminoketone durch Palladium-katalysierte allylische Alkylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
33
|
Huwig K, Schultz K, Kazmaier U. Regio- and Stereoselective Modification of Chiral α-Amino Ketones by Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9120-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
34
|
O’Hair RA. Gas-phase studies of metal catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions of esters. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMetal-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions of esters offer new opportunities for formation of C–C bonds with CO2as the only coproduct. Here I provide an overview of: key solution phase literature; thermochemical considerations for decarboxylation of esters and thermolysis of esters in the absence of a metal catalyst. Results from my laboratory on the use of multistage ion trap mass spectrometry experiments and DFT calculations to probe the gas-phase metal catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions of allyl acetate and related esters are then reviewed. These studies have explored the role of the metal carboxylate complex in the gas phase decarboxylative coupling of allyl acetate proceeding via a simple two-step catalytic cycle. In Step 1, an organometallic ion, [CH3ML]+/–(where M is a group 10 or 11 metal and L is an auxillary ligand), is allowed to undergo ion-molecule reactions with allyl acetate to generate 1-butene and the metal acetate ion, [CH3CO2ML]+/–. In Step 2, the metal acetate ion is subjected to collision-induced dissociation to reform the organometallic ion and thereby close the catalytic cycle. DFT calculations have been used to explore the mechanisms of these reactions. The organometallic ions [CH3CuCH3]–, [CH3Cu2]+, [CH3AgCu]+and [CH3M(phen)]+(where M = Ni, Pd and Pt) all undergo C–C bond coupling reactions with allyl acetate (Step 1), although the reaction efficiencies and product branching ratios are highly dependant on the nature of the metal complex. For example, [CH3Ag2]+does not undergo C–C bond coupling. Using DFT calculations, a diverse range of mechanisms have been explored for these C–C bond-coupling reactions including: oxidative-addition, followed by reductive elimination; insertion reactions and SN2-like reactions. Which of these mechanisms operate is dependant on the nature of the metal complex. A wide range of organometallic ions can be formed via decarboxylation (Step 2) although these reactions can be in competition with other fragmentation channels. DFT calculations have located different types of transition states for the formation of [CH3CuCH3]–, [CH3Cu2]+, [CH3AgCu]+and [CH3M(phen)]+(where M = Ni, Pd and Pt). Of the catalysts studied to date, [CH3Cu2]+and [CH3Pd(phen)]+are best at promoting C–C bond formation (Step 1) as well as being regenerated (Step 2). Preliminary results on the reactions of [C6H5M(phen)]+(M = Ni and Pd) with C6H5CO2CH2CH=CH2and C6H5CO2CH2C6H5are described.
Collapse
|
35
|
Korch KM, Eidamshaus C, Behenna DC, Nam S, Horne D, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective synthesis of α-secondary and α-tertiary piperazin-2-ones and piperazines by catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:179-83. [PMID: 25382664 PMCID: PMC4285707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of differentially N-protected piperazin-2-ones allows the synthesis of a variety of highly enantioenriched tertiary piperazine-2-ones. Deprotection and reduction affords the corresponding tertiary piperazines, which can be employed for the synthesis of medicinally important analogues. The introduction of these chiral tertiary piperazines resulted in imatinib analogues which exhibited comparable antiproliferative activity to that of their corresponding imatinib counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M. Korch
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Christian Eidamshaus
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Douglas C. Behenna
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Woolley M, Ariafard A, Khairallah GN, Kwan KH, Donnelly PS, White JM, Canty AJ, Yates BF, O'Hair RAJ. Decarboxylative-coupling of allyl acetate catalyzed by group 10 organometallics, [(phen)M(CH3)]+. J Org Chem 2014; 79:12056-69. [PMID: 25329236 DOI: 10.1021/jo501886w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, catalyzed by group 10 metal acetate cations [(phen)M(O2CCH3)](+) (where M = Ni, Pd or Pt) formed via electrospray ionization of metal acetate complexes [(phen)M(O2CCH3)2], were examined using an ion trap mass spectrometer and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In step 1 of the catalytic cycle, collision induced dissociation (CID) of [(phen)M(O2CCH3)](+) yields the organometallic complex, [(phen)M(CH3)](+), via decarboxylation. [(phen)M(CH3)](+) reacts with allyl acetate via three competing reactions, with reactivity orders (% reaction efficiencies) established via kinetic modeling. In step 2a, allylic alkylation occurs to give 1-butene and reform metal acetate, [(phen)M(O2CCH3)](+), with Ni (36%) > Pd (28%) > Pt (2%). Adduct formation, [(phen)M(C6H11O2)](+), occurs with Pt (24%) > Pd (21%) > Ni(11%). The major losses upon CID on the adduct, [(phen)M(C6H11O2)](+), are 1-butene for M = Ni and Pd and methane for Pt. Loss of methane only occurs for Pt (10%) to give [(phen)Pt(C5H7O2)](+). The sequences of steps 1 and 2a close a catalytic cycle for decarboxylative carbon-carbon bond coupling. DFT calculations suggest that carbon-carbon bond formation occurs via alkene insertion as the initial step for all three metals, without involving higher oxidation states for the metal centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Woolley
- School of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, and §ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xiang S, He J, Ma J, Liu XW. One-pot synthesis of β-N-glycosyl imidazole analogues via a palladium-catalysed decarboxylative allylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4222-4. [PMID: 24627888 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48041k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A concise and highly efficient strategy for the synthesis of N-glycosyl imidazole analogues is reported. This reaction is based on a palladium catalysed decarboxylative allylation and three steps, namely, carbamation, decarboxylation and allylation are involved. All the substrates can afford the desired products with excellent yields and selectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xiang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xiang S, He J, Tan YJ, Liu XW. Stereocontrolled O-glycosylation with palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11473-82. [PMID: 25406990 DOI: 10.1021/jo502078c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Pd-π-allyl intermediate in an electron-rich glycal system with poor reactivity is employed as an efficient glycosyl donor. Starting from glucal derived carbonate, various O-glycosides were formed via a palladium-catalyzed reaction through a tandem decarboxylation, proton abstraction, and nucleophilic addition, in good yields with excellent selectivity. Iterative glycosylation with the same strategy may provide an access to complex oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xiang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Subramanian P, Indu S, Kaliappan KP. A One-Pot Copper Catalyzed Biomimetic Route to N-Heterocyclic Amides from Methyl Ketones via Oxidative C–C Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2014; 16:6212-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5031266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Satrajit Indu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Krishna P. Kaliappan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Korch KM, Eidamshaus C, Behenna DC, Nam S, Horne D, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Secondary and α‐Tertiary Piperazin‐2‐ones and Piperazines by Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M. Korch
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Christian Eidamshaus
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Douglas C. Behenna
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Anderson K, Laclef S, Barrett AG. Mechanistic studies of highly regioselective decarboxylative-prenyl migration reactions of prenyloxycarbonyl-diketo-dioxinones. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
42
|
Ma S, Reeves CM, Craig RA, Stoltz BM. Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of diastereomeric β-ketoesters. Tetrahedron 2014; 70:4208-4212. [PMID: 24999286 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of diastereomeric β-ketoesters derived from 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone is described. These experiments were performed to elucidate our understanding of stereoablative enantioconvergent catalysis. A detailed analysis of the product distribution, including stereochemical outcome of the products, is included. These studies also reveal an interesting example of selectivity that is governed by competing modes of substrate and catalyst control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Ma
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Corey M Reeves
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Robert A Craig
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Le H, Batten A, Morken JP. Catalytic stereospecific allyl-allyl cross-coupling of internal allyl electrophiles with AllylB(pin). Org Lett 2014; 16:2096-9. [PMID: 24702203 PMCID: PMC3998767 DOI: 10.1021/ol500456s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Application of internal electrophiles
in catalytic stereospecific
allyl–allyl cross-coupling enable the rapid construction of
multisubstituted 1,5-dienes, including those with all carbon quaternary
centers. Compounds with minimal steric differentiation can be synthesized
with high enantiomeric excess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Simpson Q, Konrath R, Lupton DW. Enantioselective Pd-Catalysed Deallylative γ-Lactonisation of Propargyl Carbazolone Allyl Carbonates: Mechanistic Insight into their Decarboxylative Allylation. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Subjection of N-methyl carbazolone allyl carbonates bearing a propargyl side chain to Pd0 catalysis leads to the formation of enantioenriched γ-lactones, rather than the expected products of decarboxylative allylation. This side reaction has not been observed with the enantioselective decarboxylative allylation of related β-ketoesters, and provides evidence for a mechanism involving turnover limiting decarboxylation from the palladium carboxylate resting state. Following lactonisation, the Pd0 catalyst is regenerated by PdII reductive alkyne coupling.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zeng J, Tan YJ, Ma J, Leow ML, Tirtorahardjo D, Liu XW. Facile access to cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans by palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation: total syntheses of (±)-centrolobine and (+)-decytospolides A and B. Chemistry 2013; 20:405-9. [PMID: 24285699 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
cis-2,6-Tetrahydropyran is an important structural skeleton of bioactive natural products. A facile synthesis of cis-2,6-disubstituted-3,6-dihydropyrans as cis-2,6-tetrahydropyran precursors has been achieved in high regio- and stereoselectivity with high yields. This reaction involves a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation of various 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran substrates. Extending this reaction to 1,2-unsaturated carbohydrates allowed the achievement of challenging β-C-glycosylation. Based on this methodology, the total syntheses of (±)-centrolobine and (+)-decytospolides A and B were achieved in concise steps and overall high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xiang S, Lu Z, He J, Le MaiHoang K, Zeng J, Liu XW. β-Type Glycosidic Bond Formation by Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation. Chemistry 2013; 19:14047-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
47
|
Reeves CM, Eidamshaus C, Kim J, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Construction of α-Quaternary Cyclobutanones by Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
48
|
Reeves CM, Eidamshaus C, Kim J, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective construction of α-quaternary cyclobutanones by catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6718-21. [PMID: 23686812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Reeves
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Audisio D, Gopakumar G, Xie LG, Alves LG, Wirtz C, Martins AM, Thiel W, Farès C, Maulide N. Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution at Four-Membered-Ring Systems: Formation of η1-Allyl Complexes and Electrocyclic Ring Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6313-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
50
|
Audisio D, Gopakumar G, Xie LG, Alves LG, Wirtz C, Martins AM, Thiel W, Farès C, Maulide N. Palladium-katalysierte allylische Substitution an viergliedrigen Ringen: Bildung von η1-Allylkomplexen und elektrocyclische Ringöffnung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|