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Aysin RR, Galkin KI. Adaptive carbonyl umpolung involving a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate: an alternative mechanism for NHC-mediated organocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8702-8707. [PMID: 37867444 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose a novel mechanistic model for NHC-mediated carbonyl umpolung which involves the formation of a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate (CCBI). We have demonstrated theoretically that this reactive intermediate can be formed by inserting an aldehyde into the C4-H position of an N-aryl-substituted imidazolium-derived NHC via the generation of an H-bonded ditopic carbanionic NHC (dcNHC). Our DFT study on benzoin condensation has revealed that the mechanism of polarity inversion proceeding through the CCBI may be more energetically favorable than the classical mechanism of umpolung that uses the C2 carbene position in NHC. The potential existence of the CCBI highlights the dynamic and adaptive nature of NHC-mediated organocatalysis, particularly in relation to carbonyl umpolung. This finding also sheds light on new pathways in organocatalytic transformations employing the ambident reactivity of NHC, which may be particularly attractive for reactions involving furanic aldehydes and sterically encumbered N-aryl-substituted carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat R Aysin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin I Galkin
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya ul., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Leninsky Prospekt, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Nguyen MT, Spasyuk D, White B, Dudding T, Nikonov GI. Generation and reactivity of an elusive base-stabilised phosphinidene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16613-16619. [PMID: 34748621 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03181c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of phosphorus dichloride 6, supported by the diaryloxyphenyl group (OCO) featuring two bulky phenoxy wingtips, by PMe3, generates a reactive intermediate that behaves as a base-stabilized phosphinidene (OCO)P (5). Warming up a solution of this species in toluene to room temperature results in trimerization to give the isolable cyclic triphosphine [(OCO)P]3, whereas in situ trapping with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3 afforded a 3,4-dimethylphospholene-3. Investigation of the reduction of 6 by the phosphine PMe3 by NMR led to the observation of a persistent species between -10 °C and 10 °C. A DFT study of this process suggests that this compound cannot be the proposed phosphinidene 5, and is more likely the diphosphine (OCO)ClP-PCl(OCO) (12). Attempted reduction of 5 by the bulky carbene IPr resulted in unusual electrophilic substitution in the carbene olefin backbone by the chlorophosphinyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- SM and MX Crystallography, Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Brandon White
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
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3
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Han Z, Gates DP. Metathesis of P=C Bonds Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:14594-14599. [PMID: 34459044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic metathesis of C=C bonds is a textbook reaction that has no parallel in the widely studied area of multiple bonds involving heavier p-block elements. A high-yielding P=C bond metathesis of phosphaalkenes (ArP=CPh2 , Ar=Mes, o-Tol, Ph) has been discovered that is catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC=Me2 IMe, Me2 Ii Pr). The products are cyclic oligomers formally derived from ArP=PAr [i. e. cyclo-(ArP)n ; n=3, 4, 5, 6] and Ph2 C=CPh2 . Preliminary mechanistic studies of this remarkable transformation have established NHC=PAr (Ar=Mes, o-Tol, Ph) as key phosphinidene transfer agents. In addition, novel cyclic intermediates, such as, cyclo-(ArP)2 CPh2 and cyclo-(ArP)4 CPh2 have also been observed. This work represents a rare application of non-metal-based catalysts for transformations involving main-group elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Derek P Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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4
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Philipp MSM, Krahfuss MJ, Radacki K, Radius U. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Adducts of Antimony(III). Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. M. Philipp
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mirjam J. Krahfuss
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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5
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Galkin KI, Karlinskii BY, Kostyukovich AY, Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Ambident Reactivity of Imidazolium Cations as Evidence of the Dynamic Nature of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:8567-8571. [PMID: 32227612 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This work reveals ambident nucleophilic reactivity of imidazolium cations towards carbonyl compounds at the C2 or C4 carbene centers depending on the steric properties of the substrates and reaction conditions. Such an adaptive behavior indicates the dynamic nature of organocatalysis proceeding via a covalent interaction of imidazolium carbenes with carbonyl substrates and can be explained by generation of the H-bonded ditopic carbanionic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin I Galkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Evans KJ, Mansell SM. Functionalised N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands in Bimetallic Architectures. Chemistry 2020; 26:5927-5941. [PMID: 31981386 PMCID: PMC7317719 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become immensely successful ligands in coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis due to their strong terminal σ-donor properties. However, by targeting NHC ligands with additional functionalisation, a new area of NHC coordination chemistry has developed that has enabled NHCs to be used to build up bimetallic and multimetallic architectures. This minireview covers the development of functionalised NHC ligands that incorporate additional donor sites in order to coordinate two or more metal atoms. This can be through the N-atom of the NHC ring, through a donor group attached to the N-atom or the carbon backbone, coordination of the π-bond or an annulated π-donor on the backbone, or through direct metalation of the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
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7
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Avinash I, Parveen S, Anantharaman G. Backbone Boron-Functionalized Imidazoles/Imidazolium Salts: Synthesis, Structure, Metalation Studies, and Fluoride Sensing Properties. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5646-5661. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iruthayaraj Avinash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sabeeha Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ganapathi Anantharaman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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8
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Naz NR, Schnakenburg G, Mikeházi A, Kelemen Z, Nyulászi L, Boeré RT, Streubel R. Janus bis(NHCs) tuned by heteroatom-bridge oxidation states. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2646-2649. [PMID: 32022028 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of the first tricyclic bis(carbenes) with facially opposed imidazole-2-ylidenes and two linking phosphorus centres in different oxidation states is presented using a modular, high-yield synthetic route. The formation of homo bimetallic coinage metal complexes provides a glimpse on their potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Rauf Naz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Antal Mikeházi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - René T Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
The synthesis of tetravalent thorium and uranium complexes with the phosphaazaallene moiety, [N(tBu)C=P(C6H5)]2−, is described. The reaction of the bis(phosphido) complexes, (C5Me5)2An[P(C6H5)(SiMe3)]2, An = Th, U, with two equivalents of tBuNC produces (C5Me5)2An(CNtBu)[η2-(N,C)-N(tBu)C=P(C6H5)] with concomitant formation of P(SiMe3)2(C6H5) via silyl migration. These complexes are characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as structurally determined using X-ray crystallography.
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10
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Danopoulos AA, Massard A, Frison G, Braunstein P. Iron and Cobalt Metallotropism in Remote-Substituted NHC Ligands: Metalation to Abnormal NHC Complexes or NHC Ring Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Chemistry Department; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Alexandre Massard
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique; Université Paris-Saclay; 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
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12
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Danopoulos AA, Massard A, Frison G, Braunstein P. Iron and Cobalt Metallotropism in Remote-Substituted NHC Ligands: Metalation to Abnormal NHC Complexes or NHC Ring Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14550-14554. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Chemistry Department; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Alexandre Massard
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique; Université Paris-Saclay; 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
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13
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Schweizer JI, Sturm AG, Porsch T, Berger M, Bolte M, Auner N, Holthausen MC. Reactions of Si 2Br 6with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia I. Schweizer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Alexander G. Sturm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Timo Porsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Matthias Berger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Norbert Auner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
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14
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Mandal D, Dolai R, Kalita P, Narayanan RS, Kumar R, Sobottka S, Sarkar B, Rajaraman G, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. "Abnormal" Addition of NHC to a Conjugate Acid of CAAC: Formation of N-Alkyl-Substituted CAAC. Chemistry 2018; 24:12722-12727. [PMID: 29797625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The addition reactions of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are mostly known to occur through the carbenic centre (C2), which leads to a "normal" adduct. Herein, we report the "abnormal" addition of NHCDip 1 (1,3-(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )-imidazole-2-ylidene) to a conjugate acid of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene 2 (CAACiPr =1-iPr-3,3,5,5-Me4 -pyrrolinium triflate). Mechanistic study revealed that this reaction proceeded through the in situ formation of 1,3-(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )-imidazolium cation 4 and N-iPr-substituted CAAC 5 followed by the oxidative addition of compound 5 across the C4-H bond (alias backbone C-H) of compound 4. The in situ formation of compound 5 was also proven by the oxidative addition of it to the N-H group of iPrNH2 . DFT calculations also supported the mechanistic findings. A different methodology for the in situ generation of compound 5 by using TMPLi is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdeep Mandal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-, 500107, Telangana, India
| | - Ramapada Dolai
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-, 500107, Telangana, India
| | - Pankaj Kalita
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar-, 752050, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Sebastian Sobottka
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-, 500107, Telangana, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-, 208016, India
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-, 500107, Telangana, India
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15
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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16
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Dhara D, Kalita P, Mondal S, Narayanan RS, Mote KR, Huch V, Zimmer M, Yildiz CB, Scheschkewitz D, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. Reactivity enhancement of a diphosphene by reversible N-heterocyclic carbene coordination. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4235-4243. [PMID: 29780553 PMCID: PMC5944230 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diphosphene TerMesP = PTerMes (1; TerMes = 2,6-Mes2C6H3; Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) and NHCMe42 (NHCMe4 = 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) exist in an equilibrium mixture with the NHCMe4 -coordinated diphosphene 3. While uncoordinated 1 is inert to hydrolysis, the NHC adduct 3 readily undergoes hydrolysis to afford a phosphino-substituted phosphine oxide with the liberation of NHCMe4 . On this basis, conditions suitable for the catalytic use of NHCMe4 were identified. Similarly, while the hydrogenation of free diphosphene 1 with H3N·BH3 is very slow, 3 reacts instantaneously with H3N·BH3 at room temperature to afford a dihydrodiphosphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dhara
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad , Gopanpally , Hyderabad-500107 , Telangana , India .
| | - Pankaj Kalita
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research , Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda , Bhubaneswar-752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Subhadip Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad , Gopanpally , Hyderabad-500107 , Telangana , India .
| | | | - Kaustubh R Mote
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad , Gopanpally , Hyderabad-500107 , Telangana , India .
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany .
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany .
| | - Cem B Yildiz
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , University of Aksaray , Aksaray , Turkey .
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany .
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad , Gopanpally , Hyderabad-500107 , Telangana , India .
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 , India .
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad , Gopanpally , Hyderabad-500107 , Telangana , India .
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17
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Schwedtmann K, Zanoni G, Weigand JJ. Recent Advances in Imidazoliumyl-Substituted Phosphorus Compounds. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1388-1405. [PMID: 29573181 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the recent developments in the chemistry of selected imidazoliumyl-substituted phosphorus compounds. The synthetic approaches for their preparation with phosphorus in various oxidation states and coordination environments are discussed. Their intriguing properties and versatile chemistry strongly depends on the bonding motif at the P atoms, which is given special focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Hernández-Juárez M, López-Serrano J, González-Herrero P, Rendón N, Álvarez E, Paneque M, Suárez A. Hydrogenation of an iridium-coordinated imidazol-2-ylidene ligand fragment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3843-3846. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00420j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented hydrogenation of a metal-coordinated imidazolylidene to imidazolidinylidene is observed under mild conditions in an iridium complex containing a metalated lutidine derived CNP ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hernández-Juárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - J. López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - P. González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
- Spain
| | - N. Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - E. Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - M. Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - A. Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
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19
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Avinash I, Gupta V, Karthik V, Anantharaman G. A straightforward synthesis of 4,5-dihalofunctionalized imidazol-2-ylidene/imidazolyl-metal complexes from trihaloimidazolium salts/imidazoles: Structure and catalytic studies. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Rottschäfer D, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Silylene-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene (Si−NHC). Chemistry 2017; 24:380-387. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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21
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Ghadwal RS, Rottschäfer D, Andrada DM, Frenking G, Schürmann CJ, Stammler HG. Normal-to-abnormal rearrangement of an N-heterocyclic carbene with a silylene transition metal complex. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7791-7799. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NHC ligand of the complex 3-W undergoes normal-to-abnormal rearrangement on treatment with CsOH and yields the aNHC-complex 6-W, which is found to be 13.5 kcal mol−1 less stable than its normal counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
| | | | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
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22
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Ghadwal RS, Lamm JH, Rottschäfer D, Schürmann CJ, Demeshko S. Facile routes to abnormal-NHC-cobalt(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7664-7667. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deprotonation of 1 with Co{N(SiMe3)2}2 affords aNHC-Co(ii) complex 2, whereas carbene transfer from 3 to Co{N(SiMe3)2}2 enables access to complex 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Christian J. Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- D-37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- D-37077 Göttingen
- Germany
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23
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Wang Y, Hickox HP, Wei P, Robinson GH. C4-Ferrocenylsilyl-bridged and -substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes: complexation of germanium chloride. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5508-5512. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C4-Ferrocenylsilyl-bridged and -substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes and their germanium chloride complexes have been prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | | | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
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24
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Koner A, Serin SC, Schnakenburg G, Patrick BO, Gates DP, Streubel R. Exploring the chemistry of backbone amino(chloro)phosphanyl-substituted imidazole-2-thiones. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10504-10514. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Backbone amino(chloro)phosphanyl-substituted imidazole-2-thiones were synthesized and their potential as starting material for backbone phosphaalkenyl substituted imidazole-2-thiones studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Spencer C. Serin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
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25
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Hering-Junghans C, Andreiuk P, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Rivard E. Der Einsatz von N-heterocyclischen Vinylliganden zur Isolierung stabiler Divinylgermylene und eines Germylium-Kations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering-Junghans
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Patricia Andreiuk
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
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26
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Hering-Junghans C, Andreiuk P, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Rivard E. Using N-Heterocyclic Vinyl Ligands to Access Stable Divinylgermylenes and a Germylium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:6272-6275. [PMID: 28510351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two efficient methods are presented to install σ- and π-electron-donating N-heterocyclic vinyl groups onto main-group elements (E): halosilane elimination and base-induced E-C bond formation. Placement of two NHC=CH- ligands (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) onto a GeII center affords a two-coordinate germylene, a heavy congener of the elusive divinyl carbenes. The π-donating ability of this vinylic ligand scaffold was further demonstrated by the synthesis of a three-coordinate germylium cation R3 Ge+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering-Junghans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Patricia Andreiuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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27
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Begum I, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. On Route to C
4
/C
5
P‐Bifunctional 1,3‐Thiazole‐Based Carbenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Begum
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnGerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 153121BonnGermany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnGerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 153121BonnGermany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnGerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 153121BonnGermany
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28
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Bauer M, Premužić D, Thiele G, Neumüller B, Tonner R, Raya-Barón Á, Fernández I, Kuzu I. Advanced NMR Methods and DFT Calculations on the Regioselective Deprotonation and Functionalization of 1,1′-Methylenebis(3-methylimidazole-2-thione). Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bauer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Chemie; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Dejan Premužić
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Chemie; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Günther Thiele
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Chemie; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Chemie; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Chemie; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Álvaro Raya-Barón
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; University of Almería; Ctra. Sacramento s/n 04120 Almería Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; University of Almería; Ctra. Sacramento s/n 04120 Almería Spain
- BITAL; Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology; Almería Spain
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Chemie; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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29
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Nasr A, Winkler A, Tamm M. Anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes: Synthesis, coordination chemistry and applications in homogeneous catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Han Z, Bates JI, Strehl D, Patrick BO, Gates DP. Homo- and Heteropolynuclear Complexes Containing Bidentate Bridging 4-Phosphino-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5071-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Joshua I. Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Dominik Strehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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31
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Majhi PK, Chow KCF, Hsieh THH, Bowes EG, Schnakenburg G, Kennepohl P, Streubel R, Gates DP. Even the normal is abnormal: N-heterocyclic carbene C2 binding to a phosphaalkene without breaking the PC π-bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:998-1001. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08181e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of MesPCPh2 with the least sterically demanding N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC = IMe) results in formation of the ‘abnormal’ (C4-substituted) 4-phosphino-NHC (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Keith C. F. Chow
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Tom H. H. Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Eric G. Bowes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Pierre Kennepohl
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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32
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Valyaev DA, Uvarova MA, Grineva AA, César V, Nefedov SN, Lugan N. Post-coordination backbone functionalization of an imidazol-2-ylidene and its application to synthesize heteropolymetallic complexes incorporating the ambidentate IMesCO2−ligand. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11953-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The C4-carboxylation of the archetypal IMes ligand was achieved directly on its complexed form for the first time, and the resulting ambidentate IMesCO2−ligand was exploited for the formation of heteropolymetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Valyaev
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
| | - Marina A. Uvarova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Alina A. Grineva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Vincent César
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
| | - Sergei N. Nefedov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Noël Lugan
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
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33
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Ghadwal RS. Carbon-based two electron σ-donor ligands beyond classical N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16081-16095. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in N-heterocyclic carbene-derived carbon-based two electron σ-donor ligands are presented in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Anorganische Chemie & Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
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34
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Begum I, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. Synthesis and reactions of C-phosphanylated thiazol-2-thiones. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2955-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03662c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective synthesis of the P(iii) substituted thiazole-2-thione I is presented. Oxidation of I resulted in P(V) chalcogenide thiazole-2-thiones (E = O, S, Se). Desulfurization of I (E = O) using hydrogenperoxide led to the first C-phosphanoyl thiazolium salt II. Deprotonation of II and reaction with cyclooctadiene rhodium(i) chloride dimer yielded thiazole-2-ylidene rhodium(i) complex III.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Begum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - G. Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - R. Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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35
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Schwedtmann K, Schoemaker R, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Weiss R, Weigand JJ. Cationic 5-phosphonio-substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11384-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01871h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cationic NHCs featuring a phosphonium moiety in the 5-position are prepared from the reaction of imidazolium salts with a tert. phosphane. They are used as ligands for the preparation of transition metal complexes, dehydrogenation reactions of prim. and sec. phosphanes and the preparation of a N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Robin Schoemaker
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Robert Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
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36
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Ruiz J, Mesa AF, Sol D. 1,3-Dimethyl-4-(diphenylphosphino)imidazolium Triflate: A Functionalized Ionic Liquid with Ambivalent Coordination Capability. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro F. Mesa
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel Sol
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
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37
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Karthik V, Gupta V, Anantharaman G. Synthesis, Structure, and Coordination Chemistry of Phosphine-Functionalized Imidazole/Imidazolium Salts and Cleavage of a C–P Bond in an NHC–Phosphenium Salt using a Pd(0) Precursor. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vedhagiri Karthik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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38
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Schneider H, Schmidt D, Radius U. A Facile Route to Backbone-Tethered N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands via NHC to aNHC Rearrangement in NHC Silicon Halide Adducts. Chemistry 2014; 21:2793-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Braunschweig H, Ewing WC, Geetharani K, Schäfer M. The Reactivities of Iminoboranes with Carbenes: BN Isosteres of Carbene-Alkyne Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1662-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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40
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Braunschweig H, Ewing WC, Geetharani K, Schäfer M. Verschiedene Reaktivitäten von Iminoboranen gegenüber Carbenen: BN-Isostere von Carben-Alkin-Addukten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Majhi PK, Serin SC, Schnakenburg G, Gates DP, Streubel R. Mono- and Hetero-Dinuclear Complexes of Janus-Head NHC Ligands Possessing Backbone Phosphinoyl Groups: the Case of Soft and Hard Metal Centers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Majhi PK, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. From bis(imidazole-2-thion-4-yl)phosphane to a flexible P-bridged bis(NHC) ligand and its silver complex. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:16673-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02479f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the first P(v)-bridged bis(NHC) ligand 7 was achieved via deprotonation of P(v)-functionalized bis(imidazolium) salt 6, which was obtained via oxidative desulfurization of bis(imidazole-2-thion-4-yl)phosphane 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn, Germany
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43
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Ruiz J, Mesa AF. From Diphosphino-Functionalized 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium Cations to Imidazolones through Dehydrogenative CN Coupling. Chemistry 2013; 20:102-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Schwedtmann K, Holthausen MH, Feldmann KO, Weigand JJ. NHC-Mediated Synthesis of an Asymmetric, Cationic Phosphoranide, a Phosphanide, and Coinage-Metal Phosphanido Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Schwedtmann K, Holthausen MH, Feldmann KO, Weigand JJ. NHC-mediated synthesis of an asymmetric, cationic phosphoranide, a phosphanide, and coinage-metal phosphanido complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:14204-8. [PMID: 24259151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Professur für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden (Germany)
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46
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Karthik V, Bhat IA, Anantharaman G. Backbone Thio-Functionalized Imidazol-2-ylidene–Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Electronic Properties, and Catalytic Activity. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400585b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vedhagiri Karthik
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad Bhat
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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47
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Majhi PK, Schnakenburg G, Kelemen Z, Nyulaszi L, Gates DP, Streubel R. Synthese eines Imidazolium-Phosphanid-Zwitterions und seine Umwandlung in anionische Imidazol-2-yliden-Derivate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Majhi PK, Schnakenburg G, Kelemen Z, Nyulaszi L, Gates DP, Streubel R. Synthesis of an Imidazolium Phosphanide Zwitterion and Its Conversion into Anionic Imidazol-2-ylidene Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10080-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Manzano R, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Saturated Abnormal NHC–Gold(I) Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Manzano
- CaRLa-Catalysis Research Laboratory, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69221 Heidelberg,
Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- CaRLa-Catalysis Research Laboratory, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69221 Heidelberg,
Germany
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50
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Gaillard S, Renaud JL. When phosphorus and NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) meet each other. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7255-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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