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Furka Á. Forty years of combinatorial technology. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103308. [PMID: 35760283 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial technology has been facilitating the synthesis and screening of large molecular libraries containing millions of organic compounds ever since its introduction 40 years ago. It has changed the paradigms of pharmaceutical research from focusing on single compounds to focusing on immense collections of compounds. It inspired the development of dynamic combinatorial libraries, fragment-based drug discovery and virtual library screening. Combinatorial technology was revitalized by the development of DNA encoding. Amplification of DNA oligomers plus next-generation sequencing has made it possible to successfully screen billions of compounds in a single process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Furka
- Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary, 1077 Rozsa u. 23-25, Budapest, Hungary.
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Furka Á. Combinatorial technology revitalized by DNA-encoding. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:481-489. [PMID: 34766157 PMCID: PMC8554669 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry invented nearly 40 years ago was welcomed with enthusiasm in the drug research community. The method offered access to a practically unlimited number of new compounds. The new compounds however are mixtures, and methods had to be developed for the identification of the bioactive components. This was one of the reasons why the method could not providethe expected cornucopia of new drugs. Among the different screening methods, two approaches seem to offer the best results. One of them is based on the intrinsic property of the combinatorial split and pool solid-phase synthesis: One compound forms on each bead of the solid support. Different methods have been developed to encode the beads and identify the structure of compounds formed on them. The most important method applies DNA oligomers for encoding. As a second approach in screening, DNA-encoded combinatorial libraries are synthesized omitting the solid support and the mixtures are screened in solution using affinity binding methods. Libraries containing billions and even trillions of components are synthesized and successfully tested, which led to the identification of a significant number of new leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Furka
- Department of Organic ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
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Agusil JP, Arjona MI, Duch M, Fusté N, Plaza JA. Multidimensional Anisotropic Architectures on Polymeric Microparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004691. [PMID: 33079486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Next generation life science technologies will require the integration of building blocks with tunable physical and chemical architectures at the microscale. A central issue is to govern the multidimensional anisotropic space that defines these microparticle attributes. However, this control is limited to one or few dimensions due to profound fabrication tradeoffs, a problem that is exacerbated by miniaturization. Here, a vast number of anisotropic dimensions are integrated combining SU-8 photolithography with (bio)chemical modifications via soft-lithography. Microparticles in a 15-D anisotropic space are demonstrated, covering branching, faceting, fiducial, topography, size, aspect ratio, stiffness, (bio)molecular and quantum dot printing, top/bottom surface coverage, and quasi-0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D surface patterning. The strategy permits controlled miniaturization on physical dimensions below 1 µm and molecular patterns below 1 µm2 . By combining building blocks, anisotropic microparticles detect pH changes, form the basis for a DNA-assay recognition platform, and obtain an extraordinary volumetric barcoding density up to 1093 codes µm-3 in a 3 × 12 × 0.5 µm3 volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Agusil
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - María Isabel Arjona
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. de la Fuente Nueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Marta Duch
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Naüm Fusté
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - José A Plaza
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Bottom-Up Design Approach for OBOC Peptide Libraries. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153316. [PMID: 32707811 PMCID: PMC7435479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One-bead-one-compound peptide libraries, developed following the top-down experimental approach, have attracted great interest in the identification of potential ligands or active peptides. By exploiting a reverse experimental design approach based on the bottom-up strategy, we aimed to develop simplified, maximally diverse peptide libraries that resulted in the successful characterization of mixture components. We show that libraries of 32 and 48 components can be successfully detected in a single run using chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The proposed libraries were further theoretically evaluated in terms of their composition and physico-chemical properties. By combining the knowledge obtained on single libraries we can cover larger sequence spaces and provide a controlled exploration of the peptide chemical space both theoretically and experimentally. Designing libraries by using the bottom-up approach opens up the possibility of rationally fine-tuning the library complexity based on the available analytical methods.
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Madsen D, Jørgensen FP, Palmer D, Roux ME, Olsen JV, Bols M, Schoffelen S, Diness F, Meldal M. Design and Combinatorial Development of Shield-1 Peptide Mimetics Binding to Destabilized FKBP12. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:156-164. [PMID: 32027120 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of computational design, a focused one-bead one-compound library has been prepared on microparticle-encoded PEGA1900 beads consisting of small tripeptides with a triazole-capped N-terminal. The library was screened towards a double point-mutated version of the human FKBP12 protein, known as the destabilizing domain (DD). Inspired by the decoded library hits, unnatural peptide structures were screened in a novel on-bead assay, which was useful for a rapid structure evaluation prior to off-bead resynthesis. Subsequently, a series of 19 compounds were prepared and tested using a competitive fluorescence polarization assay, which led to the discovery of peptide ligands with low micromolar binding affinity towards the DD. The methodology represents a rapid approach for identification of a novel structure scaffold, where the screening and initial structure refinement was accomplished using small quantities of library building blocks.
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Hu H, Nikitin S, Berthelsen AB, Diness F, Schoffelen S, Meldal M. Sustainable Flow Synthesis of Encoded Beads for Combinatorial Chemistry and Chemical Biology. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:492-498. [PMID: 29969235 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monosized beads of polar resins were synthesized for combinatorial chemistry and chemical biology by sustainable microchannel flow synthesis. Regular, biocompatible, and optically encoded beads could be efficiently prepared on large scale and in high yield. In a preparative flow polymerization instrument, taking advantage of a designed T-connector for droplet formation, quality beads were synthesized with accurate size control using a minimal amount of recirculating silicon oil as suspension medium. Bead-size was controlled through shear imposed by the silicon oil flow rate. This process provided 86% yield of ∼500 μm macrobeads beads within a 20 μm size range with no deformities or vacuoles, ideally suited for combinatorial chemistry and protein binding studies. The simple flow equipment consisted of a syringe pump for monomer and initiator delivery, a T-connector, a gear pump for oil recirculation, a long, heated coil of Teflon tubing and a collector syringe. The method was used for preparation of PEGA1900 beads, optically encoded with fluorescent microparticles. The microparticle matrix (MPM) encoded beads were tested in a MPM-decoder showing excellent recognition in bead decoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Hu
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergei Nikitin
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Bjørnholdt Berthelsen
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Diness
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanne Schoffelen
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Meldal
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Komnatnyy VV, Nielsen TE, Qvortrup K. Bead-based screening in chemical biology and drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6759-6771. [PMID: 29888365 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening is an important component of the drug discovery process. The screening of libraries containing hundreds of thousands of compounds requires assays amenable to miniaturisation and automization. Combinatorial chemistry holds a unique promise to deliver structurally diverse libraries for early drug discovery. Among the various library forms, the one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) library, where each bead carries many copies of a single compound, holds the greatest potential for the rapid identification of novel hits against emerging drug targets. However, this potential has not yet been fully realized due to a number of technical obstacles. In this feature article, we review the progress that has been made in bead-based library screening and its application to the discovery of bioactive compounds. We identify the key challenges of this approach and highlight key steps needed for making a greater impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly V Komnatnyy
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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9
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Li M, Hoeck C, Schoffelen S, Gotfredsen CH, Meldal M. Specific Electrostatic Molecular Recognition in Water. Chemistry 2016; 22:7206-14. [PMID: 27073143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The identification of pairs of small peptides that recognize each other in water exclusively through electrostatic interactions is reported. The target peptide and a structure-biased combinatorial ligand library consisting of ≈78 125 compounds were synthesized on different sized beads. Peptide-peptide interactions could conveniently be observed by clustering of the small, fluorescently labeled target beads on the surface of larger ligand-containing beads. Sequences of isolated hits were determined by MS/MS. The interactions of the complex showing the highest affinity were investigated by a novel single-bead binding assay and by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics (MD) studies revealed a putative mode of interaction for this unusual electrostatic binding event. High binding specificity occurred through a combination of topological matching and electrostatic and hydrogen-bond complementarities. From MD simulations binding also seemed to involve three tightly bound water molecules in the interface between the binding partners. Binding constants in the submicromolar range, useful for biomolecular adhesion and in nanostructure design, were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Hoeck
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sanne Schoffelen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte H Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Meldal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hald H, Wu B, Bouakaz L, Meldal M. A single-vector EYFP reporter gene assay for G protein-coupled receptors. Anal Biochem 2015; 476:40-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang F. Upconversion Luminescence of Lanthanide Ion-Doped Nanocrystals. PHOTON UPCONVERSION NANOMATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45597-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chen G, Qiu H, Prasad PN, Chen X. Upconversion nanoparticles: design, nanochemistry, and applications in theranostics. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5161-214. [PMID: 24605868 PMCID: PMC4039352 DOI: 10.1021/cr400425h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1424] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Chen
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- Department
of Chemistry and the Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Hailong Qiu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- Department
of Chemistry and the Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Department
of Chemistry and the Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory
of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National
Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2281, United States
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Gorris HH, Wolfbeis OS. Photon-Upconverting Nanoparticles for Optical Encoding and Multiplexing of Cells, Biomolecules, and Microspheres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3584-600. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gorris HH, Wolfbeis OS. Photonen aufkonvertierende Nanopartikel zur optischen Codierung und zum Multiplexing von Zellen, Biomolekülen und Mikrosphären. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gorris HH, Ali R, Saleh SM, Wolfbeis OS. Tuning the dual emission of photon-upconverting nanoparticles for ratiometric multiplexed encoding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1652-5. [PMID: 21472793 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Gorris
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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