1
|
Qian A, Cui M, Sun Y, Wang G, Hao Y, Yang C, Shi H. NiCo 2O 4 Nanowires Immobilized on Nitrogen-Doped Ti 3C 2T x for High-Performance Wearable Magnesium-Air Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310398. [PMID: 38461535 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Flexible magnesium (Mg)-air batteries provide an ideal platform for developing efficient energy-storage devices toward wearable electronics and bio-integrated power sources. However, high-capacity bio-adaptable Mg-air batteries still face the challenges in low discharge potential and inefficient oxygen electrodes, with poor kinetics property toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, spinel nickel cobalt oxides (NiCo2O4) nanowires immobilized on nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx (NiCo2O4/N-Ti3C2Tx) are reported via surface chemical-bonded effect as oxygen electrodes, wherein surface-doped pyridinic-N-C and Co-pyridinic-N moieties accounted for efficient ORR owing to increased interlayer spacing and changed surrounding environment around Co metals in NiCo2O4. Importantly, in polyethylene glycol (PVA)-NaCl neutral gel electrolytes, the NiCo2O4/N-Ti3C2Tx-assembled quasi-solid wearable Mg-air batteries delivered high open-circuit potential of 1.5 V, good flexibility under various bent angles, high power density of 9.8 mW cm-2, and stable discharge duration to 12 h without obvious voltage drop at 5 mA cm-2, which can power a blue flexible light-emitting diode (LED) array and red smart rollable wearable device. The present study stimulates studies to investigate Mg-air batteries involving human-body adaptable neutral electrolytes, which will facilitate the application of Mg-air batteries in portable, flexible, and wearable power sources for electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniu Qian
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Miaomiao Cui
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yuehui Hao
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chengli Yang
- Shanxi Dadi Environment Investment Holdings Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hu Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng DL, Liu TT, Wu MH, He JW, Du SW, Huang YB. Boosting the oxygen reduction activity of non-metallic catalysts via geometric and electronic engineering through nitrogen and chlorine dual-doping. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12486-12493. [PMID: 38952336 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01519c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of heteroatom dual-doped porous carbon frameworks with uniform doping is highly desirable for achieving highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, due to their tunable chemical and electronic structures. Herein, porous covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) incorporating nitrogen/chorine dual-doped porous carbon networks were fabricated by selecting 1,3-bis(4-cyanophenyl) imidazolium chloride as a building block, in a facile and controllable way via a bottom-up strategy. The resulting nitrogen/chorine dual-doped catalyst CCTF-700 exhibits excellent ORR performance with a more positive onset and half-wave potential (0.85 V vs. RHE), higher diffusion-limited current density and significantly improved stability in comparison with the benchmark commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst. It is worth mentioning that CCTF-700 shows one of the best ORR performances among all the reported metal-free electrocatalysts under alkaline conditions. This work paves the way for a controllable and reliable strategy to craft highly efficient heteroatom dual-doped carbon catalysts for energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Meng
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, MinJiang University, Fuzhou 35108, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Ming-Hui Wu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, MinJiang University, Fuzhou 35108, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jing-Wen He
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shao-Wu Du
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, MinJiang University, Fuzhou 35108, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yuan-Biao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rocha M, Abreu B, Nunes MS, Freire C, Marques EF. Ternary (molybdenum disulfide/graphene)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites assembled via a facile colloidal electrostatic path as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Composition and nitrogen-doping play a key role in their performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:1056-1068. [PMID: 38531183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanocomposites have garnered attention for their potential as catalysts in electrochemical reactions vital for technologies like fuel cells, water splitting, and metal-air batteries. This work focuses on developing three-dimensional (3D) nanocomposites through aqueous phase exfoliation, non-covalent functionalization of building blocks with surfactants and polymers, and electrostatic interactions in solution leading to the nanocomposites assembly and organization. By combining molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layers with graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) to form a binary 2D composite (MoS2/GnP), and subsequently incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to create ternary 3D composites, we explore their potential as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) critical in fuel cells. Characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction elucidate material composition and structure. Our electrochemical studies reveal insights into the kinetics of the reactions and structure-activity relationships. Both the (MoS2/GnP)-to-MWNT mass ratio and nitrogen-doping of GnPs (N-GnPs) play a key role on the electrocatalytic ORR performance. Notably, the (MoS2/N-GnP)/MWNT material, with a 3:1 mass ratio, exhibits the most effective ORR activity. All catalysts demonstrate good long-term stability and methanol crossover tolerance. This facile fabrication method and observed trends offer avenues for optimizing composite electrocatalysts further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rocha
- CIQUP - Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto 4169-007, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Abreu
- CIQUP - Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto 4169-007, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Marta S Nunes
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Freire
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Eduardo F Marques
- CIQUP - Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castellino M, Sacco A, Fontana M, Chiodoni A, Pirri CF, Garino N. The Effect of Sulfur and Nitrogen Doping on the Oxygen Reduction Performance of Graphene/Iron Oxide Electrocatalysts Prepared by Using Microwave-Assisted Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:560. [PMID: 38607095 PMCID: PMC11013293 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, by means of a fast one-pot microwave-assisted procedure, is reported herein and deeply explained. In particular, the important role of doping atoms, like sulfur and nitrogen, in Fe2O3-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites is described to address the modification of catalytic performance. The presence of dopants is confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis, while the integration of iron oxide nanoparticles, by means of decoration of the graphene structure, is corroborated by electron microscopy, which also confirms that there is no damage to the graphene sheets induced by the synthesis procedure. The electrochemical characterizations put in evidence the synergistic catalysis effects of dopant atoms with Fe2O3 and, in particular, the importance of sulfur introduction into the graphene lattice. Catalytic performance of as-prepared materials toward oxygen reduction shows values close to the Pt/C reference material, commonly used for fuel cell and metal-air battery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Castellino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (C.F.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Adriano Sacco
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito—Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Fontana
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (C.F.P.); (N.G.)
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito—Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelica Chiodoni
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito—Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (C.F.P.); (N.G.)
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito—Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Nadia Garino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (C.F.P.); (N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kammoun H, Ossonon BD, Tavares AC. Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Materials with High Electrical Conductivity Produced by Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite Foil. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:123. [PMID: 38202578 PMCID: PMC10780345 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped graphene-based materials are of utmost importance in sensing and energy conversion devices due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the presence of defects such as pyrrolic nitrogen and oxygenated functional groups reduces their electrical conductivity. Herein, a two-step approach based on the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite foils in aqueous mixed electrolytes followed by thermal reduction at 900 °C is used to prepare high-quality few layers of N-doped graphene-based materials. The exfoliations were conducted in 0.1 M (NH4)2SO4 or H2SO4 and HNO3 (5 mM or 0.1 M) electrolytes mixtures and the HNO3 vol% varied. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the as-prepared graphene oxides contain nitro and amine groups. Thermal reduction is needed for substitutional N-doping. Nitrogen and oxygen surface concentrations vary between 0.23-0.96% and 3-8%, respectively. Exfoliation in (NH4)2SO4 and/or 5 mM HNO3 favors the formation of pyridinic-N (10-40% of the total N), whereas 1 M HNO3 favors the formation of graphitic-N (≈60%). The electrical conductivity ranges between 166-2705 Scm-1. Raman spectroscopy revealed a low density of defects (ID/IG ratio between 0.1 and 0.7) and that most samples are composed of mono-to-bilayer graphene-based materials (IG/I2D integrated intensities ratio). Structural and compositional stability of selected samples after storage in air for three months is demonstrated. These results confirm the high quality of the synthesized undoped and N-doped graphene-type materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana C. Tavares
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada; (H.K.); (B.D.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sumbowo JF, Ihsan FA, Fathurrahman F, Amalia N, Akbar FT, Yudistira HT, Mobarak NN, Dipojono HK, Wella SA, Saputro AG. Graphene-edge-supported iron dual-atom for oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32637-32647. [PMID: 38009535 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolyzed Fe-N-C-based catalysts, particularly FeN4, are reported to show enhanced catalytic activity for some chemical reactions, particularly for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we present a computational study to investigate another pyrolyzed Fe-N-C-based catalyst, i.e. Fe2N6, adsorbed on graphene with special emphasis on the edges of graphene nanoribbons (both zig-zag and armchair configurations) as a candidate for Fe dual-atom catalysts (Fe-DACs). Utilizing density functional theory calculations along with microkinetic simulations, we investigate the influence of graphitic edges on the stability and ORR activity of Fe-DAC active sites. Our findings indicate that the presence of graphitic edges, particularly the zig-zag configuration, significantly lowers the formation energy of Fe-DAC active sites, making them more likely to form at the edges. Furthermore, several Fe-DAC active sites at graphitic edges exhibit exceptional ORR performance, surpassing the commonly employed FeN4 active site in SAC systems and even exceeding the benchmark Pt(111) surface. Notably, the (Fe2N6)o@z1 active site demonstrates outstanding performance in both associative and dissociative mechanisms. These results highlight the role of graphitic nanopores in enhancing the catalytic behavior of Fe-DAC active sites, providing valuable insights for designing efficient non-precious metal catalysts for ORR applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel F Sumbowo
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Farhan A Ihsan
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Fadjar Fathurrahman
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nadya Amalia
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Fiki T Akbar
- Theoretical High Energy Physics Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Hadi T Yudistira
- Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), South Lampung 35365, Indonesia
| | - Nadhratun N Mobarak
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Hermawan K Dipojono
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Sasfan A Wella
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Adhitya G Saputro
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han Y, Xu H, Li Q, Du A, Yan X. DFT-assisted low-dimensional carbon-based electrocatalysts design and mechanism study: a review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1286257. [PMID: 37920412 PMCID: PMC10619919 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1286257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dimensional carbon-based (LDC) materials have attracted extensive research attention in electrocatalysis because of their unique advantages such as structural diversity, low cost, and chemical tolerance. They have been widely used in a broad range of electrochemical reactions to relieve environmental pollution and energy crisis. Typical examples include hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Traditional "trial and error" strategies greatly slowed down the rational design of electrocatalysts for these important applications. Recent studies show that the combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental research is capable of accurately predicting the structures of electrocatalysts, thus revealing the catalytic mechanisms. Herein, current well-recognized collaboration methods of theory and practice are reviewed. The commonly used calculation methods and the basic functionals are briefly summarized. Special attention is paid to descriptors that are widely accepted as a bridge linking the structure and activity and the breakthroughs for high-volume accurate prediction of electrocatalysts. Importantly, correlated multiple descriptors are used to systematically describe the complicated interfacial electrocatalytic processes of LDC catalysts. Furthermore, machine learning and high-throughput simulations are crucial in assisting the discovery of new multiple descriptors and reaction mechanisms. This review will guide the further development of LDC electrocatalysts for extended applications from the aspect of DFT computations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hongzhe Xu
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qin Li
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuecheng Yan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gong L, Chen J, Hu Y, He K, Bylaska EJ, Tratnyek PG, He F. Degradation of Chloroform by Zerovalent Iron: Effects of Mechanochemical Sulfidation and Nitridation on the Kinetics and Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37339398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroform (CF) is a widely used chemical reagent and disinfectant and a probable human carcinogen. The extensive literature on halocarbon reduction with zerovalent iron (ZVI) shows that transformation of CF is slow, even with nano, bimetallic, sulfidated, and other modified forms of ZVI. In this study, an alternative method of ZVI modification─involving simultaneous sulfidation and nitridation through mechanochemical ball milling─was developed and shown to give improved degradation of CF (i.e., higher degradation rate and inhibited H2 evolution reaction). The composite material (denoted as S-N(C)-ZVI) gave synergistic effects of nitridation and sulfidation on CF degradation. A complete chemical reaction network (CRN) analysis of CF degradation suggests that O-nucleophile-mediated transformation pathways may be the main route for the formation of the terminal nonchlorinated products (formate, CO, and glycolic polymers) that have been used to explain the undetected products needed for mass balance. Material characterizations of the ZVI recovered after batch experiments showed that sulfidation and nitridation promoted the formation of Fe3O4 on the S-N(C)-ZVI particles, and the effect of aging on CF degradation rates was minor for S-N(C)-ZVI. The synergistic benefits of sulfidation and nitridation on CF degradation were also observed in experiments performed with groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingting Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yao Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kai He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Eric J Bylaska
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, United States
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rasaily S, Baruah K, Sharma D, Lepcha P, Biswas S, Biswas AN, Tamang S, Pariyar A. Rationally Designed Manganese-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Altruistic Metal Oxide Precursors for Noble Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3026-3035. [PMID: 36755399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is challenging and hinders the growth of hydrogen fuel cells. Concerning kinetic values, platinum is the best known catalyst for ORR; however, its less abundance, high cost, and corrosive nature warrant the development of low-cost catalysts. We report the hydrothermal synthesis of two novel Mn-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Mn2(DOT)(H2O)2]n (Mn-SKU-1) and [Mn2(DOT)2(BPY)2(THF)]n (Mn-SKU-2) (DOT = 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate; BPY = 4,4'-bipyridine). Mn-SKU-1 contains dimeric Mn(II) centers where the two corner-shared MnO6 octahedra fuse to give rise to an infinite Mn2O10 cluster, whereas the two Mn(II) ions coordinate to DOT and BPY moieties to give rise to a pillared structure in Mn-SKU-2 and form a 3D → 3D homo-interpenetration MOF with a twofold interpenetrated net. The pyrolysis of as-synthesized Mn-MOFs at 600 °C under N2 produced exclusively porous α-Mn2O3 composites (PSKU-1 and PSKU-2), with the BET surface area of 90.8 (for PSKU-1) and 179.3 m2 g-1 (for PSKU-2). These mesoporous MOF-derived α-Mn2O3 composites were modified as cathode materials for the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen. The onset potential for the oxygen reduction reaction was found to be 0.90 V for PSKU-1 and 0.93 V for PSKU-2 versus RHE in 0.1 M KOH solution, with the current density of 4.8 and 6.0 mA cm-2, respectively, at 1600 rpm. Based on the RDE/RRDE results, the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction occurs majorly via the four-electron process. The electrocatalyst PSKU-2 is cheap, easy to use, retains 90% of its activity after 10 h of continuous use, and offers higher recyclability than Pt/C. The onset potential maximum current density and kinetic values (Jk = 11.68 mA cm-2 and Tafel slope = 85.0 mV dec-1) obtained in this work are higher than the values reported for pure Mn2O3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagarmani Rasaily
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, East Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Khanindram Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, East Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Debesh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, East Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Panjo Lepcha
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India
| | - Sachidulal Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India
| | | | - Sudarsan Tamang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, East Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Anand Pariyar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, East Sikkim 737102, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vignesh V, Subramani K, Sathish M, Navamathavan R. Design and fabrication of supercapacitors. SMART SUPERCAPACITORS 2023:361-404. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90530-5.00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
|
11
|
Yu Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Xu L, Liu G. Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped mesoporous carbon as an efficient metal-free catalyst for selective oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04322j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
N/F co-doped carbon materials prepared with an aniline-type benzoxazine as a carbon precursor show a better catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of 2-methylnapthalene.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ashmath S, Kwon HJ, Peera SG, Lee TG. Solid-State Synthesis of Cobalt/NCS Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4369. [PMID: 36558222 PMCID: PMC9788303 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high cost of presently utilized Pt/C catalysts, a quick and sustainable synthesis of electrocatalysts made of cost-effective and earth-abundant metals is urgently needed. In this work, we demonstrated a mechanochemically synthesized cobalt nanoparticles supported on N and S doped carbons derived from a solid-state-reaction between zinc acetate and 2-amino thiazole as metal, organic ligand in presence of cobalt (Co) metal ions ZnxCox(C3H4N2S). Pyrolysis of the ZnxCox(C3H4N2S) produced, Co/NSC catalyst in which Co nanoparticles are evenly distributed on the nitrogen and sulfur doped carbon support. The Co/NSC catalyst have been characterized with various physical and electrochemical characterization techniques. The Co content in the ZnxCox(C3H4N2S) is carefully adjusted by varying the Co content and the optimized Co/NSC-3 catalyst is subjected to the oxygen reduction reaction in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte. The optimized Co/NSC-3 catalyst reveals acceptable ORR activity with the half-wave potential of ~0.63 V vs. RHE in acidic electrolytes. In addition, the Co/NSC-3 catalyst showed excellent stability with no loss in the ORR activity after 10,000 potential cycles. When applied as cathode catalysts in dual chamber microbial fuel cells, the Co/NCS catalyst delivered satisfactory volumetric power density in comparison with Pt/C.
Collapse
|
13
|
Collins G, Kasturi PR, Karthik R, Shim JJ, Sukanya R, Breslin CB. Mesoporous carbon-based materials and their applications as non-precious metal electrocatalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Kang H, Peng H, Kang Y, Hao Y, Li L, Liu F, Xin H, Wang W, Lei Z. Nitrogen-doped carbon-encapsulated SmFeOx bimetallic nanoparticles as high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Mathiyarasu J, Surendra J, Veera Raghava Sarma G, Rajaram R, Shanmugan S, Mutyala S. Graphene/Polyaniline nanocomposite as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction for fuel cells. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Liu J, Duan S, Shi H, Wang T, Yang X, Huang Y, Wu G, Li Q. Rationally Designing Efficient Electrocatalysts for Direct Seawater Splitting: Challenges, Achievements, and Promises. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210753. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Shuo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Tanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang L, Liu Z, Zhang J. Synthetic carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical energy conversion. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13473-13489. [PMID: 36094008 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03865j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention in electrochemical energy conversion due to their large surface area, excellent electrical/thermal conductivity and good chemical stability. However, the structure-activity relationship of carbon nanomaterials remains unclear. This review is thus on the synthesis methods of carbon nanomaterials including two-dimensional graphene, graphene nanoribbons, nanographene, heteroatom doped porous carbon and graphdiyne as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells, electrolyzers and CO2 reduction. The correlation between the electronic/chemical properties and electrochemical performance of synthetic carbon nanostructures will be profoundly discussed. Additionally, the emerging challenges and some perspectives on the development of synthetic carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical energy conversion are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'An Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi' an, 710129, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi' an, 710129, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tian Y, Li C, Liang D, Xie T, He W, Li D, Feng Y. Fungus-sourced filament-array anode facilitates Geobacter enrichment and promotes anodic bio-capacitance improvement for efficient power generation in microbial fuel cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155926. [PMID: 35588840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are emerging as new generation eco-friendly technology for the superiorities of energy harvest and simultaneous wastewater treatment. However, the power generation performance was strongly restricted by the material/biofilm electron transfer rate. In this research, the fungus-sourced electrode with filament-array structure was firstly proposed and prepared by one-step carbonization method. After 2 h pyrolysis, the functional groups containing N and O elements highly remained in the as-prepared material, which was beneficial to the electron transfer for the current generation. The lowest electron transfer resistance was obtained at 2.2 Ω, which showed a great reduction that compared with graphite sheet anode. With filament-array structure, the lowest mass diffusion resistance was obtained at 26.9 Ω for anodic oxidation reaction, which also supported the highest current generation performance. In addition, the relative abundance of typical electrochemical bacterium Geobacter was highly improved to 45.5% with an extraordinary electroactive biofilm loading of about 1203 ± 256 μg cm-2. More importantly, the high biocatalytic activity biofilm supported a remarkably observed bio-capacitance of about 1.14 F in 3DFfv anode, which exhibited the highest power density in 3.5 ± 0.2 W m-2. In addition, the fungus-sourced material was one kind of economical and readily available material. Overall, this work provided one efficient strategy for electrode preparation and higher power generation in MFCs, which would reduce the capital cost and improve the efficiency in further applications of MFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - DanDan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Peng Y, Bai Y, Liu C, Cao S, Kong Q, Pang H. Applications of metal–organic framework-derived N, P, S doped materials in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
20
|
Chen T, Chi Y, Liu X, Xia X, Chen Y, Xu J, Song Y. A Simple Method for Preparation of Highly Conductive Nitrogen/Phosphorus-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5955. [PMID: 36079337 PMCID: PMC9457040 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped conductive carbon nanomaterials are promising for energy and catalysis applications, but there are few reports on increasing their heteroatom doping content and conductivity simultaneously. In this manuscript, we use 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzimidazole as the diamine monomer to prepare polyamic acid with asymmetric structural units doped with phosphoric acid (PA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as innovative composite precursors, which are then electrospun into nanofiber films. After stabilization and carbonization, the electrospun fibers are converted into N/P co-doped electrospun carbon nanofiber films (ECNFs) with high heteroatom content, including 4.33% N and 0.98% P. The morphology, structure, and conductivity of ECNFs were systematically characterized. The ECNFs doped with 15 wt.% PA exhibited conductivity that was 47.3% higher than that of the ECNFs undoped with PA, but the BET surface area decreased by 23%. The doped PA in the precursor nanofibers participated in the cyclization of PAN during thermal stabilization, as indicated by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis results. X-ray diffraction and Raman results indicate that a moderate amount of PA doping facilitated the formation of ordered graphitic crystallite structures during carbonization and improved the conductivity of ECNFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yongbo Chi
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xingyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiwen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yousi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu J, Duan S, Shi H, Wang T, Yang X, Huang Y, Wu G, Li Q. Rationally Designing Efficient Electrocatalysts for Direct Seawater Splitting: Challenges, Achievements, and Promises. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Shuo Duan
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Hao Shi
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Tanyuan Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaoxuan Yang
- State University of New York at Buffalo: University at Buffalo Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Yunhui Huang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Gang Wu
- State University of New York at Buffalo: University at Buffalo Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering 309 Furnas Hall 14260 Buffalo UNITED STATES
| | - Qing Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qin P, Chen D, Li M, Li D, Gao Y, Zhu S, Mu M, Lu M. Melamine/MIL-101(Fe)-derived magnetic carbon nanotube-decorated nitrogen-doped carbon materials as sorbent for rapid removal of organic dyes from environmental water sample. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
23
|
Hu H, Song C, Wang D, Tao Y, Zhou S, Kong Y. Tuning electron delocalization and surface area in COFs derived N, B co-doped carbon materials for efficient selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
24
|
Wang PY, Zhou JF, Chen H, Peng B, Zhang K. Activation of H 2O Tailored by Interfacial Electronic States at a Nanoscale Interface for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. JACS AU 2022; 2:1457-1471. [PMID: 35783181 PMCID: PMC9241158 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental and practical significance of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the reaction kinetics at the molecular level are not well-understood, especially in basic media. Here, with ZIF-67-derived Co-based carbon frameworks (Co/NCs) as model catalysts, we systematically investigated the effects of different reaction parameters on the HER kinetics and discovered that the HER activity was directly dependent not on the type of nitrogen in the carbon framework but on the relative content of surface hydroxyl and water (OH-/H2O) adsorbed on Co active sites embedded in carbon frameworks. When the ratio of the OH-/H2O was close to 1:1, the Co/NC nanocatalyst showed the best reaction performance under the condition of high-pH electrolytes, e.g., an overpotential of only 232 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in the 1 M KOH electrolyte. We unambiguously identified that the structural water molecules (SWs) in the form of hydrous hydroxyl complexes absorbed on metal centers {OHad·H2O@M+} were catalytic active sites for the enhanced HER, where M+ could be transition or alkaline metal cations. Different from the traditional hydrogen bonding of water, the hydroxyl (hydroxide) groups and water molecules in the SWs were mainly bonded together via the spatial interaction between the p orbitals of O atoms, exhibiting features of a delocalized π-bond with a metastable state. These newly formed surface bonds or transitory states could be new weak interactions that synergistically promote both interfacial electron transfer and the activation of water (dissociation of O-H bonds) at the electrode surface, i.e., the formation of activated H adducts (H*). The capture of new surface states not only explains pH-, cation-, and transition-metal-dependent hydrogen evolution kinetics but also provides completely new insights into the understanding of other electrocatalytic reductions involving other small molecules, including CO2, CO, and N2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Yue Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jia-Feng Zhou
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Chimie
de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d’italie, Lyon 69364 CEDEX 07, France
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell
Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kashinath L, Byrappa K. Ceria Boosting on In Situ Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide for Efficient Bifunctional ORR/OER Activity. Front Chem 2022; 10:889579. [PMID: 35815209 PMCID: PMC9263449 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.889579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a highly efficient and excellent electrocatalyst material for bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) was synthesized using the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. In brief, ultrafine hexagonal cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were tailored on the layered surface of in situ nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO) sheets. The nanocomposites exhibited a high anodic onset potential of 0.925 V vs. RHE for ORR activity and 1.2 V for OER activity with a very high current density in 0.5 M KOH. The influence of oxygen cluster on Ce3+/Ce4+ ion decoration on outward/inward in situ nitrogen-coupled GO enhanced the physicochemical properties of composites and in turn increased electron transferability. The microwave-assisted hydrothermal coupling technique provides a higher density, active sites on CeO2@NGO composites, and oxygen deficiency structures in ultrafine Ce-O particles and boosts higher charge transferability in the composites. It is believed that the physical states of Ce-N- C, Ce-C=O, and a higher amount of oxygen participation with ceria increase the density of composites that in turn increases the efficiency. N-doped graphene oxide promotes high current conduction and rapid electron transferability while reducing the external transport resistance in oxygen electrocatalysis by sufficient mass transfer through in-built channels. This study may provide insights into the knowledge of Ce-enabled bifunctional activity to guide the design of a robust catalyst for electrochemical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Kashinath
- Centre for Materials Science and Technology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
- Experimental Physics Lab, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
- *Correspondence: L. Kashinath,
| | - K. Byrappa
- Centre for Materials Science and Technology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
- Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tao K, Hao Y, He X, Liang Y, Liu F. The in situ investigation of the polyaniline-derived N-doped carbon with the interdigitated array electrodes towards the oxygen reduction reaction. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Chatenet M, Pollet BG, Dekel DR, Dionigi F, Deseure J, Millet P, Braatz RD, Bazant MZ, Eikerling M, Staffell I, Balcombe P, Shao-Horn Y, Schäfer H. Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4583-4762. [PMID: 35575644 PMCID: PMC9332215 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, and affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development. To that goal, hydrogen is presumed to be the most promising energy carrier. Electrocatalytic water splitting, if driven by green electricity, would provide hydrogen with minimal CO2 footprint. The viability of water electrolysis still hinges on the availability of durable earth-abundant electrocatalyst materials and the overall process efficiency. This review spans from the fundamentals of electrocatalytically initiated water splitting to the very latest scientific findings from university and institutional research, also covering specifications and special features of the current industrial processes and those processes currently being tested in large-scale applications. Recently developed strategies are described for the optimisation and discovery of active and durable materials for electrodes that ever-increasingly harness first-principles calculations and machine learning. In addition, a technoeconomic analysis of water electrolysis is included that allows an assessment of the extent to which a large-scale implementation of water splitting can help to combat climate change. This review article is intended to cross-pollinate and strengthen efforts from fundamental understanding to technical implementation and to improve the 'junctions' between the field's physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as stimulate much-needed exchange among these groups on challenges encountered in the different domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Chatenet
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Hydrogen Energy and Sonochemistry Research group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Green Hydrogen Lab, Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Fabio Dionigi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Deseure
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Millet
- Paris-Saclay University, ICMMO (UMR 8182), 91400 Orsay, France
- Elogen, 8 avenue du Parana, 91940 Les Ulis, France
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael Eikerling
- Chair of Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Intzestraße 5, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Modelling and Simulation of Materials in Energy Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Iain Staffell
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Balcombe
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Energy, School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Helmut Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, The Electrochemical Energy and Catalysis Group, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han Y, Shen Y, Song Y, Zhang H, Liu P, Guo J. Edge‐Rich Graphene Nanopheres With Ultra‐High Nitrogen Loading Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts For Boosted Oxygen Reduction. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Han
- Taiyuan University of Technology Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Yongqing Shen
- Taiyuan University of Technology Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Yanhui Song
- Taiyuan University of Technology Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Technology Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Peizhi Liu
- Taiyuan University of Technology Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Junjie Guo
- Taiyuan University of Technology 79 Yingze west street Taiyuan CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The effect of coordination environment on the activity and selectivity of single-atom catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
30
|
Jiang G, Zhang L, Zou W, Zhang W, Wang X, Song H, Cui Z, Du L. Precise and controllable tandem strategy triggering boosted oxygen reduction activity. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
31
|
Ipekci HH, Kazak O, Tor A, Uzunoglu A. Tuning active sites of N-doped porous carbon catalysts derived from vinasse for high-performance electrochemical sensing. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2022.2056724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan H. Ipekci
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Omer Kazak
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
- Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Tor
- Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Uzunoglu
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research Group, Science and Technology Application and Research Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Preparation of nitrogen-doped porous carbon modified by iron carbide and its application in an oxygen reduction reaction. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
33
|
Nanostructured, Metal-Free Electrodes for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Containing Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots and a Hydroxide Ion-Conducting Ionomer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061832. [PMID: 35335194 PMCID: PMC8953787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the combination of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQD), a hydroxide-ion conducting ionomer based on polysulfone (PSU) and polyaniline (PANI), to explore the complementary properties of these materials in high-performance nanostructured electrodes for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution. N-CQD were made by hydrothermal synthesis from glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) or glucosamine hydrochloride and N-Octylamine (GAH-Oct), and PSU were quaternized with trimethylamine (PSU-TMA). The nanocomposite electrodes were prepared on carbon paper by drop-casting. Furthermore, we succeeded in preparing PSU-TMA + PANI + GAH-Oct fibers by electrospinning. The capacitance of the electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, which gave similar trends. The ORR was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry at rotating disk electrode speeds between 250 and 2000 rpm in an oxygen-saturated 1 M KOH solution. Koutecky–Levich plots showed that four electrons were exchanged for nanocomposite electrodes containing CQD. The highest reduction currents were measured for the electrodes containing GAH-Oct. The Tafel plots gave the lowest slope and the most positive half-wave potential for PSU-TMA + PANI + GAH-Oct fibers. The best electrocatalytic activity of this electrode could be related to the high amount of graphitic nitrogen in GAH-Oct. Long-term cycling tests showed no significant modification of the onset potential, but a change of the current in the mass transport limited region, indicated the evolution of the microstructure of the nanocomposite ORR electrode modifying the mass transport conditions during the first 400 cycles before reaching stationary conditions. FTIR spectra were used to study possible electrode degradation after the ORR in 1 M KOH: the only change was due to the reaction of PANI emeraldine salt to emeraldine base, whereas the other constituents of the multiphase electrode did not show any degradation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Lu S, Shi Y, Zhou W, Zhang Z, Wu F, Zhang B. Dissolution of the Heteroatom Dopants and Formation of Ortho-Quinone Moieties in the Doped Carbon Materials during Water Electrooxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3250-3258. [PMID: 35138841 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped carbon materials are widely used as metal-free electrocatalysts and supporting substrates for many metal-based composites. However, almost all the current researches are based on the assumption of the self-stability of the heteroatom-doped carbon materials, neglecting their possible structural evolution during electrocatalysis, especially under harsh oxygen evolution reaction (OER) conditions. Besides, previous researches always focused on the dropcast carbon-based materials with only a few participated dopants, leading to unobservable structural evolution during the electrolysis. Here, heteroatom-doped graphite flakes (GP) with a large quantity of participated dopants are chosen as the research model to multiply the transformation during the electrolysis. Through the combination of theoretical calculations and experiments, we present the nearly complete dissolution of the heteroatoms in N-, P-, and Se-doped carbon materials in the form of the high-valence oxoanions during OER. The oxygen-abundant residues are proven to be responsible for the OER activity. Among the oxygen-containing functional groups in the residues, the ortho-quinone moieties, whose structures change with the doping elements, are finally identified as the active sites. Heteroatom-doped carbon materials as the supporting substrates for the metal-based composite experience a similar transformation, leading to unexpectedly different activity origins. Our work not only reveals the real active sites of the heteroatom-doped carbon materials for OER but also provides new insight into understanding the heteroatom-doped carbon materials as the supporting substrates for other anodic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhipu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chutia B, Bharali P. Oxygen deficient interfacial effect in CeO2-modified Fe2O3/C for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolyte. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
36
|
Cu nanoparticles embedded on reticular chitosan-derived N-doped carbon: Application to the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes, alkynes and N-heteroarenes. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
37
|
Zhu L, Li D, Lu H, Zhang S, Gao H. Lignin-based fluorescence-switchable graphene quantum dots for Fe 3+ and ascorbic acid detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:254-263. [PMID: 34871654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of lignin-based graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with excellent fluorescence stability, quantum yield, and biocompatibility for sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ and ascorbic acid (AA) has remained a challenging endeavor. Using an acidolysis process with 17.5% nitric acid followed by hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C, this study provided an improved synthesis route for the production of high-quality GQDs from alkali lignin. The nitrogen-doped GQDs exhibit remarkable fluorescence stability under a wide range of pH (3-10), duration (1-12 h), and [NaCl] (0-1000 mM) conditions, and have a high quantum yield of 28%. The GQDs or GQDs/Fe3+ sensing systems ([GQDs] at 50 mg L-1, [Fe3+] at 500 μmol L-1, and UV excitation at 370 nm) for fluorescence sensing of Fe3+ or AA have excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. For Fe3+ and AA, the limit of detection is 1.49 and 1.62 μmol L-1, respectively. Mechanism investigation shows that photoluminescence quenching is caused by the formation of GQDs-Fe3+ complexes, whereas fluorescence recovery is due to Fe3+ reduction by AA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhu
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongbing Li
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Heng Lu
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shangkun Zhang
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Garino N, Sacco A, Chiodoni A, Pirri CF, Castellino M. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen and Sulphur Doped Graphene Decorated with Antimony Oxide: An Effective Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:ma15010010. [PMID: 35009156 PMCID: PMC8745969 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the facile synthesis of a novel electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO), functionalized with metallic and non-metallic elements. In particular, thanks to a fast one-pot microwave-assisted procedure, we induced, in the RGO graphene lattice, a combined doping with nitrogen and sulphur, and the simultaneous decoration with antimony oxide nanocrystals. The multi-doped-decorated material shows enhanced catalytic performance towards ORR, with respect to common nitrogen- or sulphur-doped carbon-based materials. The presence of co-doping is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The detailed electrochemical characterization shows the simultaneous effects of dopant atoms on the catalytic behavior. In particular, the importance of nitrogen and sulphur atoms in driving the oxygen absorption, together with the role of antimony in enhancing the electrochemical performance toward the ORR, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Garino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (C.F.P.); (M.C.)
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Adriano Sacco
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Angelica Chiodoni
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
| | - Candido F. Pirri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (C.F.P.); (M.C.)
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
| | - Micaela Castellino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (C.F.P.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lu B, Jin X, Han Q, Qu L. Planar Graphene-Based Microsupercapacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006827. [PMID: 33667025 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With the development of wearable, portable, and implantable electronic devices, flexible and on-chip microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are urgently needed for miniaturized energy storage. Planar MSCs have high power density, fast charge/discharge rate, and long operating lifetime, and can adapt to future flexible, integrated, and miniaturized electronic systems for wide application foreground. Due to the high specific surface area, outstanding electrical conductivity, and excellent electron mobility, graphene shows promising advantages in planar MSCs devices, thus stimulates wide-ranging research in the last few years. Herein, the recent progress of planar graphene-based MSCs, including the intrinsic structure regulation of graphene-based electrode materials, the specific fabrication techniques, the multifunctional integration, and various applications of MSCs as flexible and on-chip energy storage is systematically summarized. The key challenges and prospects of future planar graphene-based MSCs are also discussed targeting to realize their practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xuting Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qing Han
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Enhanced electrochemical advanced oxidation on boride activated carbon: The influences of boron groups. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
41
|
Molten-Salt-Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Biomass Waste of Gingko Shells as Efficient Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing superior efficient and durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is critical for high-performance fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Herein, we successfully prepared a 3D, high-level nitrogen-doped, metal-free (N–pC) electrocatalyst employing urea as a single nitrogen source, NaCl as a fully sealed nanoreactor and gingko shells, a biomass waste, as carbon precursor. Due to the high content of active nitrogen groups, large surface area (1133.8 m2 g−1), and 3D hierarchical porous network structure, the as-prepared N–pC has better ORR electrocatalytic performance than the commercial Pt/C and most metal-free carbon materials in alkaline media. Additionally, when N–pC was used as a catalyst for an air electrode, the Zn–air battery (ZAB) had higher peak power density (223 mW cm−2), larger specific-capacity (755 mAh g−1) and better rate-capability than the commercial Pt/C-based one, displaying a good application prospect in metal-air batteries.
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang S, Yu Y, Gao X, Zhang Z, Wang F. Recent advances in electrocatalysis with phthalocyanines. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12985-13011. [PMID: 34751683 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Applications of phthalocyanines (Pcs) in electrocatalysis-including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)-have attracted considerable attention recently. Pcs and their derivatives are more attractive than many other macrocycles as electrocatalysts since, although they are structurally related to natural porphyrin complexes, they offer the advantages of low cost, facile synthesis and good chemical stability. Moreover, their high tailorability and structural diversity mean Pcs have great potential for application in electrochemical devices. Here we review the structure and composition of Pcs, methods of synthesis of Pcs and their analogues, as well as applications of Pc-based heterogeneous electrocatalysts. Optimization strategies for Pc-based materials for electrocatalysis of ORR, CO2RR, OER and HER are proposed, based on the mechanisms of the different electrochemical reactions. We also discuss the structure/composition-catalytic activity relationships for different Pc materials and Pc-based electrocatalysts in order to identify future practical applications. Finally, future opportunities and challenges in the use of molecular Pcs and Pc derivatives as electrocatalysts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yihuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xinjin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhengping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cao P, Quan X, Zhao K, Zhao X, Chen S, Yu H. Durable and Selective Electrochemical H 2O 2 Synthesis under a Large Current Enabled by the Cathode with Highly Hydrophobic Three-Phase Architecture. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peike Cao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xueyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jeong U, Kim H, Ramesh S, Dogan NA, Wongwilawan S, Kang S, Park J, Cho ES, Yavuz CT. Rapid Access to Ordered Mesoporous Carbons for Chemical Hydrogen Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uiseok Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonJi Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sreerangappa Ramesh
- Graduate School of EEWS Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Nesibe A. Dogan
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Sirinapa Wongwilawan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Process Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Process Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Cafer T. Yavuz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of EEWS Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
In-situ growth of cobalt manganate spinel nanodots on carbon black toward high-performance zinc-air battery: Dual functions of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:386-395. [PMID: 34626984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing cost-effective and stable non-noble electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is now the critical issue for large-scale application of zinc-air batteries. Here, we presented a simple method to synthesize highly dispersed cobalt manganate spinel nanodots in-situ embedded in amine-functionalized carbon black. Silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) played dual roles in the preparation: (1) to achieve amine-functionalization of carbon support; (2) as weak alkali to precipitate metal hydroxides which were then converted to spinel nanodots after mild calcination. The hydrophilicity of the carbon substrate was enhanced by amine modification from APTES to disperse metal oxide evenly, and the electrochemical activity was promoted through the strong interface interaction between embedded spinel nanodots and carbon substrate during the calcination process. As expected, the CoMn2O4/C-NH2-300 catalyst exhibited satisfactory bifunctional catalytic performance for both ORR and OER with an ΔE (E1/2-Ej10) = 0.75 V, which was lower than most state-of-the-art catalysts. In addition, CoMn2O4/C-NH2-300 as a cathode also exhibited remarkable zinc-air battery performance in alkaline solution. This strategy of APTES as a bifunctional coupling agent provided a novel way to design and explore highly active, durable, and cost-effective catalysts for renewable energy conversion and storage.
Collapse
|
46
|
You‐Lin L, Jinjiang L, Meimei W, Yuesong S, Shipin Y, Dongyan L. Mesoporous Fe‐N
x
‐C Sub‐Microspheres for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu You‐Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Liu Jinjiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Wang Meimei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Shen Yuesong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yang Shipin
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Li Dongyan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao S, Chen F, Zhang Q, Meng L. High-performance electrocatalyst based on polyazine derived mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon for oxygen reduction reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29555-29563. [PMID: 35479528 PMCID: PMC9040643 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials have high potential in metal-free electrocatalysts, which is essential for several renewable energy conversion systems. Herein, we report a convenient and environment-friendly method to fabricate a nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon (NMC) using a nonionic surfactant of Pluronic F127 micelles as the template and a Schiff-base polymer (polyazine) as the precursor. The synthesized NMCs were of spheric morphology and mesoporous structures with surface area up to 1174 m2 g−1 and high level of nitrogen (2.9–19 at%) and oxygen (4.9–7.4 at%) simultaneously doped. The electrochemical data of NMCs were analyzed in the context of the BET and XPS information. A correlation between ORR activity and the pyridinic-N was found. The NMC-700 demonstrate the highest electrocatalytic activity for ORR among the studied materials, which can be ascribed to the reasonable surface area and mesoporous structure, as well as the most abundant touchable pyridinic-N, thus providing more effective active sites for the oxygen reduction. In comparsion to the control sample, the NMC-700 provides the ORR electrocatalytic activity approximate to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst with a highly long-term stability. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials have high potential in metal-free electrocatalysts, which is essential for several renewable energy conversion systems.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China .,School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Fushan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Ecological Chemical Industry, Jiujiang University Jiujiang 332005 China
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Lingtao Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jeong U, Kim H, Ramesh S, Dogan NA, Wongwilawan S, Kang S, Park J, Cho ES, Yavuz CT. Rapid access to ordered mesoporous carbons for chemical hydrogen storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22478-22486. [PMID: 34383371 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous carbon materials offer robust network of organized pores for energy storage and catalysis applications, but suffer from time-consuming and intricate preparations hindering their widespread use. Here we report a new and rapid synthetic route for a N-doped ordered mesoporous carbon structure through a preferential heating of iron oxide nanoparticles by microwaves. A nanoporous covalent organic polymer is first formed in situ covering the hard templates of assembled nanoparticles, paving the way for a long-range order in a carbonaceous nanocomposite precursor. Upon removal of the template, a well-defined cubic mesoporous carbon structure was revealed. The ordered mesoporous carbon was used in solid state hydrogen storage as a host scaffold for NaAlH 4 , where remarkable improvement in hydrogen desorption kinetics was observed. The state-of-the-art lowest activation energy of dehydrogenation as single step was attributed to their ordered pore structure and N-doping effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uiseok Jeong
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, CBE, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - HyeonJi Kim
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, cbe, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sreerangappa Ramesh
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, EEWS, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Nesibe A Dogan
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology: Aalto-yliopisto Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu, bioproducts and biosystems, FINLAND
| | - Sirinapa Wongwilawan
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, cbe, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sungsu Kang
- SNU: Seoul National University, cbe, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jungwon Park
- SNU: Seoul National University, cbe, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Eun Seon Cho
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, cbe, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Cafer T Yavuz
- KAUST, Chemical Science, 4700 KAUST, 23955, Thuwal, SAUDI ARABIA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
MnOx anchored on N and O co-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulated with FeCo alloy as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zinc–Air batteries. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
50
|
Ababneh H, Hameed BH. Chitosan-derived hydrothermally carbonized materials and its applications: A review of recent literature. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:314-327. [PMID: 34197858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a linear polysaccharide biopolymer, one of the most abundant biowastes in the environment. This makes chitosan a potential material for a wide range of applications. To improve CS's properties, chitosan has to be chemically modified. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a sustainable process for converting chitosan to solid carbonized material. This article presents a review on the applications of hydrothermally treated chitosan in different fields such as water treatment, heavy metals adsorption, carbon dioxide capturing, solar cells, energy storage, biosensing, supercapacitors, and catalysis. Moreover, this review covers the impact of HTC process parameters on the properties of the produced carbon material. The diversity of applications indicates the great possibilities and multifunctionality of hydrothermally carbonized chitosan and its derivatives. The utilization of HTC-CS is expected to further expand as a result of the movement toward sustainable, environmentally-friendly resources. Thus, this review also recommends a few suggestions to improve the properties of HTC chitosan and its comprehensive applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Ababneh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - B H Hameed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|