1
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Birch-Price Z, Hardy FJ, Lister TM, Kohn AR, Green AP. Noncanonical Amino Acids in Biocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8740-8786. [PMID: 38959423 PMCID: PMC11273360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) side chains. In this review, we will illustrate how the availability of an expanded set of amino acid building blocks has opened a wealth of new opportunities in enzymology and biocatalysis research. Genetic code reprogramming has provided new insights into enzyme mechanisms by allowing introduction of new spectroscopic probes and the targeted replacement of individual atoms or functional groups. NcAAs have also been used to develop engineered biocatalysts with improved activity, selectivity, and stability, as well as enzymes with artificial regulatory elements that are responsive to external stimuli. Perhaps most ambitiously, the combination of genetic code reprogramming and laboratory evolution has given rise to new classes of enzymes that use ncAAs as key catalytic elements. With the framework for developing ncAA-containing biocatalysts now firmly established, we are optimistic that genetic code reprogramming will become a progressively more powerful tool in the armory of enzyme designers and engineers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anthony P. Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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2
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Klemencic E, Brewster RC, Ali HS, Richardson JM, Jarvis AG. Using BpyAla to generate copper artificial metalloenzymes: a catalytic and structural study. Catal Sci Technol 2024; 14:1622-1632. [PMID: 38505507 PMCID: PMC10946309 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy01648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) have emerged as a promising avenue in the field of biocatalysis, offering new reactivity. However, their design remains challenging due to the limited understanding of their protein dynamics and how the introduced cofactors alter the protein scaffold structure. Here we present the structures and catalytic activity of novel copper ArMs capable of (R)- or (S)-stereoselective control, utilizing a steroid carrier protein (SCP) scaffold. To incorporate 2,2'-bipyridine (Bpy) into SCP, two distinct strategies were employed: either Bpy was introduced as an unnatural amino acid (2,2'-bipyridin-5-yl)alanine (BpyAla) using amber stop codon expression or via bioconjugation of bromomethyl-Bpy to cysteine residues. The resulting ArMs proved to be effective at catalysing an enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction with SCP_Q111BpyAla achieving the best selectivity with an enantioselectivity of 72% ee (S). Interestingly, despite using the same protein scaffold, different attachment strategies for Bpy at the same residue (Q111) led to a switch in the enantiopreference of the ArM. X-ray crystal structures of SCP_Q111CBpy and SCP_Q111BpyAla ArMs with bound Cu(ii) ions unveiled crucial differences in the orientation of the catalytic centre. Combining structural information, alanine scanning studies, and computational analysis shed light on the distinct active sites of the ArMs, clarifying that these active sites stabilise the nucleophilic substrate on different sides of the electrophile leading to the observed switch in enantioselectivity. This work underscores the importance of integrating structural studies with catalytic screening to unravel the intricacies of ArM behaviour and facilitate their development for targeted applications in biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Klemencic
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road The King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - R C Brewster
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road The King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - H S Ali
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road The King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - J M Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh Swann Building Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | - A G Jarvis
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road The King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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3
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Duan HZ, Hu C, Li YL, Wang SH, Xia Y, Liu X, Wang J, Chen YX. Genetically Encoded Phosphine Ligand for Metalloprotein Design. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22831-22837. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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4
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Mason JD, Terwilliger DW, Pote AR, Myers AG. Practical Gram-Scale Synthesis of Iboxamycin, a Potent Antibiotic Candidate. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11019-11025. [PMID: 34264649 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A gram-scale synthesis of iboxamycin, an antibiotic candidate bearing a fused bicyclic amino acid residue, is presented. A pivotal transformation in the route involves an intramolecular hydrosilylation-oxidation sequence to set the ring-fusion stereocenters of the bicyclic scaffold. Other notable features of the synthesis include a high-yielding, highly diastereoselective alkylation of a pseudoephenamine amide, a convergent sp3-sp2 Negishi coupling, and a one-pot transacetalization-reduction reaction to form the target compound's oxepane ring. Implementation of this synthetic strategy has provided ample quantities of iboxamycin to allow for its in vivo profiling in murine models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel W Terwilliger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Aditya R Pote
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Andrew G Myers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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5
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Doble MV, Obrecht L, Joosten HJ, Lee M, Rozeboom HJ, Branigan E, Naismith JH, Janssen DB, Jarvis AG, Kamer PCJ. Engineering Thermostability in Artificial Metalloenzymes to Increase Catalytic Activity. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan V. Doble
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
| | - Lorenz Obrecht
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
| | - Henk-Jan Joosten
- Bio-Prodict, Nieuwe Marktstraat 54E, 6511 AA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Misun Lee
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette J. Rozeboom
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Branigan
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
| | - James. H. Naismith
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, OX11 0FA Didcot, U.K
| | - Dick B. Janssen
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda G. Jarvis
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Kings Buildings, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
- Bioinspired Homo- & Heterogeneous Catalysis, Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29 a, Rostock 18059, Germany
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6
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Fischer J, Renn D, Quitterer F, Radhakrishnan A, Liu M, Makki A, Ghorpade S, Rueping M, Arold ST, Groll M, Eppinger J. Robust and Versatile Host Protein for the Design and Evaluation of Artificial Metal Centers. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fischer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Dominik Renn
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Quitterer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan T. Arold
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
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7
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Imam HT, Jarvis AG, Celorrio V, Baig I, Allen CCR, Marr AC, Kamer PCJ. Catalytic and biophysical investigation of rhodium hydroformylase. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rh-Containing artificial metalloenzymes based on two mutants of sterol carrier protein_2L (SCP_2L) have been shown to act as hydroformylases, exhibiting significant activity and unexpectedly high selectivity in the hydroformylation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan T. Imam
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | | | | | - Irshad Baig
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | | | - Andrew C. Marr
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- Bioinspired Homo- & Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis
- Rostock
- Germany
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8
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Wu H, LeValley PJ, Luo T, Kloxin AM, Kiick KL. Manipulation of Glutathione-Mediated Degradation of Thiol–Maleimide Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3595-3605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
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9
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Jarvis AG, Obrecht L, Deuss PJ, Laan W, Gibson EK, Wells PP, Kamer PCJ. Enzyme Activity by Design: An Artificial Rhodium Hydroformylase for Linear Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13596-13600. [PMID: 28841767 PMCID: PMC5659135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) are hybrid catalysts that offer a unique opportunity to combine the superior performance of natural protein structures with the unnatural reactivity of transition‐metal catalytic centers. Therefore, they provide the prospect of highly selective and active catalytic chemical conversions for which natural enzymes are unavailable. Herein, we show how by rationally combining robust site‐specific phosphine bioconjugation methods and a lipid‐binding protein (SCP‐2L), an artificial rhodium hydroformylase was developed that displays remarkable activities and selectivities for the biphasic production of long‐chain linear aldehydes under benign aqueous conditions. Overall, this study demonstrates that judiciously chosen protein‐binding scaffolds can be adapted to obtain metalloenzymes that provide the reactivity of the introduced metal center combined with specifically intended product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Jarvis
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Lorenz Obrecht
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Peter J Deuss
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Laan
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.,Current address: Phoreon, Bioincubator I, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma K Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Peter P Wells
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Paul C J Kamer
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.,Bioinspired Homo- & Heterogeneous Catalysis, Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Jarvis AG, Obrecht L, Deuss PJ, Laan W, Gibson EK, Wells PP, Kamer PCJ. Enzyme Activity by Design: An Artificial Rhodium Hydroformylase for Linear Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G. Jarvis
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Lorenz Obrecht
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Peter J. Deuss
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG); University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Laan
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- Current address: Phoreon; Bioincubator I; Gaston Geenslaan 1 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Emma K. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
- UK Catalysis Hub; Research Complex at Harwell; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Harwell Science & Innovation Campus; Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0FA UK
| | - Peter P. Wells
- UK Catalysis Hub; Research Complex at Harwell; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Harwell Science & Innovation Campus; Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0FA UK
- School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Diamond Light Source; Harwell Science & Innovation Campus; Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- Bioinspired Homo- & Heterogeneous Catalysis; Leibniz Institute for Catalysis; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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11
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Deshpande AR, Pochapsky TC, Ringe D. The Metal Drives the Chemistry: Dual Functions of Acireductone Dioxygenase. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10474-10501. [PMID: 28731690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) from the methionine salvage pathway (MSP) is a unique enzyme that exhibits dual chemistry determined solely by the identity of the divalent transition-metal ion (Fe2+ or Ni2+) in the active site. The Fe2+-containing isozyme catalyzes the on-pathway reaction using substrates 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopent-1-ene (acireductone) and dioxygen to generate formate and the ketoacid precursor of methionine, 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, whereas the Ni2+-containing isozyme catalyzes an off-pathway shunt with the same substrates, generating methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide, and formate. The dual chemistry of ARD was originally discovered in the bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca, but it has recently been shown that mammalian ARD enzymes (mouse and human) are also capable of catalyzing metal-dependent dual chemistry in vitro. This is particularly interesting, since carbon monoxide, one of the products of off-pathway reaction, has been identified as an antiapoptotic molecule in mammals. In addition, several biochemical and genetic studies have indicated an inhibitory role of human ARD in cancer. This comprehensive review describes the biochemical and structural characterization of the ARD family, the proposed experimental and theoretical approaches to establishing mechanisms for the dual chemistry, insights into the mechanism based on comparison with structurally and functionally similar enzymes, and the applications of this research to the field of artificial metalloenzymes and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi R Deshpande
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Chemistry and §the Rosenstiel Institute for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Thomas C Pochapsky
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Chemistry and §the Rosenstiel Institute for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Dagmar Ringe
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Chemistry and §the Rosenstiel Institute for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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12
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Schwizer F, Okamoto Y, Heinisch T, Gu Y, Pellizzoni MM, Lebrun V, Reuter R, Köhler V, Lewis JC, Ward TR. Artificial Metalloenzymes: Reaction Scope and Optimization Strategies. Chem Rev 2017; 118:142-231. [PMID: 28714313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of a synthetic, catalytically competent metallocofactor into a protein scaffold to generate an artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) has been explored since the late 1970's. Progress in the ensuing years was limited by the tools available for both organometallic synthesis and protein engineering. Advances in both of these areas, combined with increased appreciation of the potential benefits of combining attractive features of both homogeneous catalysis and enzymatic catalysis, led to a resurgence of interest in ArMs starting in the early 2000's. Perhaps the most intriguing of potential ArM properties is their ability to endow homogeneous catalysts with a genetic memory. Indeed, incorporating a homogeneous catalyst into a genetically encoded scaffold offers the opportunity to improve ArM performance by directed evolution. This capability could, in turn, lead to improvements in ArM efficiency similar to those obtained for natural enzymes, providing systems suitable for practical applications and greater insight into the role of second coordination sphere interactions in organometallic catalysis. Since its renaissance in the early 2000's, different aspects of artificial metalloenzymes have been extensively reviewed and highlighted. Our intent is to provide a comprehensive overview of all work in the field up to December 2016, organized according to reaction class. Because of the wide range of non-natural reactions catalyzed by ArMs, this was done using a functional-group transformation classification. The review begins with a summary of the proteins and the anchoring strategies used to date for the creation of ArMs, followed by a historical perspective. Then follows a summary of the reactions catalyzed by ArMs and a concluding critical outlook. This analysis allows for comparison of similar reactions catalyzed by ArMs constructed using different metallocofactor anchoring strategies, cofactors, protein scaffolds, and mutagenesis strategies. These data will be used to construct a searchable Web site on ArMs that will be updated regularly by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schwizer
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasunori Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tillmann Heinisch
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yifan Gu
- Searle Chemistry Laboratory, University of Chicago , 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michela M Pellizzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Lebrun
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Reuter
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Köhler
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Searle Chemistry Laboratory, University of Chicago , 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Semisynthetic Enzymes by Protein-Peptide Site-Directed Covalent Conjugation: Methods and Applications. Methods Enzymol 2017. [PMID: 28411642 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
This chapter describes the rational design and synthesis of semisynthetic lipases by site-directed incorporation of tailor-made peptides on the lipase-lid site to improve its activity, specificity, and enantioselectivity in specific biotransformations. Cysteine was genetically introduced at a particular point of the oligopeptide lid of the enzyme, and cysteine-containing peptides, complementary to the amino acid sequence on the lid site of Geobacillus thermocatenulatus lipase (BTL), were covalently attached on the lid of two different cysteine-BTL variants based on a fast thiol-disulfide exchange ligation followed by desulfurization. The BTL variants were initially immobilized on solid support to introduce the advantages of solid-state chemistry, such as quantitative transformations, easy purification, and recyclability. In the two different immobilized variants BTL-A193C and BTL-L230C, the cysteine was then activated with 2-dipyridyldisulfide to help the disulfide exchange with the peptide, generating the semisynthetic enzyme in high yield. Excellent results of improvement of activity and selectivity were obtained. For example, the peptide-BTL conjugate (at position 193) was 40-fold more active than the corresponding unmodified enzyme for the hydrolysis of per-acetylated thymidine at pH 5, or fourfold in the desymmetrization of dimethyl-3-phenylglutarate at pH 7. The new enzyme also exhibited excellent enantioselectivity in the desymmetrization reaction with enantiomeric excess (ee) of >99% when compared to that of the unmodified enzyme (ee=78%).
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14
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Pellizzoni M, Facchetti G, Gandolfi R, Fusè M, Contini A, Rimoldi I. Evaluation of Chemical Diversity of Biotinylated Chiral 1,3-Diamines as a Catalytic Moiety in Artificial Imine Reductase. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pellizzoni
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Facchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Raffaella Gandolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Fusè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
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15
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Pàmies O, Diéguez M, Bäckvall JE. Artificial Metalloenzymes in Asymmetric Catalysis: Key Developments and Future Directions. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Bachmann DG, Schmidt PJ, Geigle SN, Chougnet A, Woggon WD, Gillingham DG. Modular Ligands for Dirhodium Complexes Facilitate Catalyst Customization. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Wu ST, Tang HL, Lu SM, Ye QY, Huang XH, Huang CC, Hu XL, Zheng ST. Delicate modulated assembly of a new kind of trinuclear copper(ii) motif governed by N-containing agents. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00898g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new kind of trinuclear cupric motif was preparedin situby adopting a novel multidentate bihydrazide ligand, leading to five assembly styles that were governed by N-containing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
| | | | - Shu-Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Qiao-Yan Ye
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xi-He Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
| | | | - Xiao-Lin Hu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
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18
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Raynal M, Ballester P, Vidal-Ferran A, van Leeuwen PWNM. Supramolecular catalysis. Part 2: artificial enzyme mimics. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1734-87. [PMID: 24365792 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 665] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of artificial catalysts able to compete with the catalytic proficiency of enzymes is an intense subject of research. Non-covalent interactions are thought to be involved in several properties of enzymatic catalysis, notably (i) the confinement of the substrates and the active site within a catalytic pocket, (ii) the creation of a hydrophobic pocket in water, (iii) self-replication properties and (iv) allosteric properties. The origins of the enhanced rates and high catalytic selectivities associated with these properties are still a matter of debate. Stabilisation of the transition state and favourable conformations of the active site and the product(s) are probably part of the answer. We present here artificial catalysts and biomacromolecule hybrid catalysts which constitute good models towards the development of truly competitive artificial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Raynal
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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19
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Yang H, Srivastava P, Zhang C, Lewis JC. A general method for artificial metalloenzyme formation through strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Chembiochem 2013; 15:223-7. [PMID: 24376040 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) can be used to generate artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) from scaffold proteins containing a p-azido-L-phenylalanine (Az) residue and catalytically active bicyclononyne-substituted metal complexes. The high efficiency of this reaction allows rapid ArM formation when using Az residues within the scaffold protein in the presence of cysteine residues or various reactive components of cellular lysate. In general, cofactor-based ArM formation allows the use of any desired metal complex to build unique inorganic protein materials. SPAAC covalent linkage further decouples the native function of the scaffold from the installation process because it is not affected by native amino acid residues; as long as an Az residue can be incorporated, an ArM can be generated. We have demonstrated the scope of this method with respect to both the scaffold and cofactor components and established that the dirhodium ArMs generated can catalyze the decomposition of diazo compounds and both Si-H and olefin insertion reactions involving these carbene precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C. Lewis
- Searle
Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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21
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Jantke D, Marziale AN, Reiner T, Kraus F, Herdtweck E, Raba A, Eppinger J. Synthetic strategies for efficient conjugation of organometallic complexes with pendant protein reactive markers. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Wang F, Gomez-Escudero A, Ramireddy RR, Murage G, Thayumanavan S, Vachet RW. Electrostatic control of peptide side-chain reactivity using amphiphilic homopolymer-based supramolecular assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14179-88. [PMID: 23971726 PMCID: PMC3836672 DOI: 10.1021/ja404940s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies formed by amphiphilic homopolymers with negatively charged groups in the hydrophilic segment have been designed to enable high labeling selectivity toward reactive side chain functional groups in peptides. The negatively charged interiors of the supramolecular assemblies are found to block the reactivity of protonated amines that would otherwise be reactive in aqueous solution, while maintaining the reactivity of nonprotonated amines. Simple changes to the pH of the assemblies' interiors allow control over the reactivity of different functional groups in a manner that is dependent on the pKa of a given peptide functional group. The labeling studies carried out in positively charged supramolecular assemblies and free buffer solution show that, even when the amine is protonated, labeling selectivity exists only when complementary electrostatic interactions are present, thereby demonstrating the electrostatically controlled nature of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | | | | | - Gladys Murage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Richard W. Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
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23
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Deuss PJ, Popa G, Slawin AMZ, Laan W, Kamer PCJ. Artificial Copper Enzymes for Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reactions. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Reiner T, Jantke D, Marziale AN, Raba A, Eppinger J. Metal-conjugated affinity labels: a new concept to create enantioselective artificial metalloenzymes. ChemistryOpen 2013; 2:50-4. [PMID: 24551533 PMCID: PMC3646430 DOI: 10.1002/open.201200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reiner
- Chemistry Department, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Dominik Jantke
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia)
| | - Alexander N Marziale
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia)
| | - Andreas Raba
- Chemistry Department, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia)
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25
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Heinisch T, Langowska K, Tanner P, Reymond JL, Meier W, Palivan C, Ward TR. Fluorescence-Based Assay for the Optimization of the Activity of Artificial Transfer Hydrogenase within a Biocompatible Compartment. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Blaszkiewicz C, Bricout H, Léonard E, Len C, Landy D, Cézard C, Djedaïni-Pilard F, Monflier E, Tilloy S. A cyclodextrin dimer as a supramolecular reaction platform for aqueous organometallic catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6989-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Palomo JM. Click reactions in protein chemistry: from the preparation of semisynthetic enzymes to new click enzymes. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9309-18. [PMID: 23023600 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click-chemistry is an approach based on cycloaddition reactions which has been successfully used as a chemical approach for complex organic molecules and which has recently starred in a boom in the world of protein chemistry. The advantage of the use of this technique in protein chemistry is based on a very high and efficient chemoselectivity, which usually requires simple or no purification and is extremely rate-accelerated in aqueous media. The perspective discusses some of the most recent advances in the application of this reaction in selective enzyme surface modification for the creation of new semisynthetic enzymes (fluorescence labeled enzymes, peptide-enzyme conjugates, glycosylated enzymes), and interestingly, the recent design and creation of "click" enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Palomo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. Instituto de Catálisis (CSIC). C/ Marie Curie 2. Cantoblanco. Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Wieczorek B, Snelders DJM, Dijkstra HP, Versluis K, Lutz M, Spek AL, Egmond MR, Klein Gebbink RJM, van Koten G. Coordination Chemistry in Water of a Free and a Lipase-Embedded Cationic NCN-Pincer Platinum Center with Neutral and Ionic Triarylphosphines. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om2010832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wieczorek
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J. M. Snelders
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm P. Dijkstra
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Koten
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Allen
- Biomedical Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, S1 1WB UK
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30
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31
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Allard M, Dupont C, Muñoz Robles V, Doucet N, Lledós A, Maréchal JD, Urvoas A, Mahy JP, Ricoux R. Incorporation of Manganese Complexes into Xylanase: New Artificial Metalloenzymes for Enantioselective Epoxidation. Chembiochem 2011; 13:240-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Dong Z, Yongguo Wang, Yin Y, Liu J. Supramolecular enzyme mimics by self-assembly. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Köhler V, Mao J, Heinisch T, Pordea A, Sardo A, Wilson YM, Knörr L, Creus M, Prost JC, Schirmer T, Ward TR. OsO4⋅Streptavidin: A Tunable Hybrid Catalyst for the Enantioselective cis-Dihydroxylation of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Köhler V, Mao J, Heinisch T, Pordea A, Sardo A, Wilson YM, Knörr L, Creus M, Prost JC, Schirmer T, Ward TR. OsO4⋅Streptavidin: A Tunable Hybrid Catalyst for the Enantioselective cis-Dihydroxylation of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10863-6. [PMID: 21948623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Coupling Chemical Modification and Immobilization to Improve the Catalytic Performance of Enzymes. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Deuss PJ, den Heeten R, Laan W, Kamer PCJ. Bioinspired Catalyst Design and Artificial Metalloenzymes. Chemistry 2011; 17:4680-98. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Dürrenberger M, Heinisch T, Wilson YM, Rossel T, Nogueira E, Knörr L, Mutschler A, Kersten K, Zimbron MJ, Pierron J, Schirmer T, Ward TR. Artificial Transfer Hydrogenases for the Enantioselective Reduction of Cyclic Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Dürrenberger M, Heinisch T, Wilson YM, Rossel T, Nogueira E, Knörr L, Mutschler A, Kersten K, Zimbron MJ, Pierron J, Schirmer T, Ward TR. Artificial Transfer Hydrogenases for the Enantioselective Reduction of Cyclic Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3026-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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39
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Monnard FW, Heinisch T, Nogueira ES, Schirmer T, Ward TR. Human Carbonic Anhydrase II as a host for piano-stool complexes bearing a sulfonamide anchor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8238-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Köhler V, Wilson YM, Lo C, Sardo A, Ward TR. Protein-based hybrid catalysts—design and evolution. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:744-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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