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Paliwal H, Parihar A, Prajapati BG. Current State-of-the-Art and New Trends in Self-Assembled Nanocarriers as Drug Delivery Systems. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.836674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled nanocarrier drug delivery has received profuse attention in the field of diagnosis and treatment of diseases. These carriers have proved that serious life-threatening diseases can be eliminated evidently by virtue of their characteristic design and features. This review is aimed at systematically presenting the research and advances in the field of self-assembled nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes, inorganic nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymerosomes, micellar systems, niosomes, and some other nanoparticles. The self-assembled delivery of nanocarriers has been developed in recent years for targeting diseases. Some of the innovative attempts with regard to prolonging drug action, improving bioavailability, avoiding drug resistance, enhancing cellular uptake, and so on have been discussed. The discussion about various delivery systems included the investigation conducted at the preliminary stage, i.e., preclinical trials and assessment of safety. The clinical studies of some of the recently developed self-assembled products are currently at the clinical trial phase or FDA approved.
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Hethcox JC, Shockley SE, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Synthesis of Vicinal All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8664-8667. [PMID: 29750856 PMCID: PMC6033654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of the first enantioselective transition-metal-catalyzed allylic alkylation providing access to acyclic products bearing vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers is disclosed. The iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction proceeds with excellent yields and selectivities for a range of malononitrile-derived nucleophiles and trisubstituted allylic electrophiles. The utility of these sterically congested products is explored through a series of diverse chemo- and diastereoselective product transformations to afford a number of highly valuable, densely functionalized building blocks, including those containing vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caleb Hethcox
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Samantha E Shockley
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Willersinn J, Schmidt BVKJ. Aqueous self-assembly of pullulan-b
-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) double hydrophilic block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Willersinn
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1; Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1; Potsdam 14476 Germany
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Kennedy CR, Lin S, Jacobsen EN. The Cation-π Interaction in Small-Molecule Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12596-624. [PMID: 27329991 PMCID: PMC5096794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis by small molecules (≤1000 Da, 10(-9) m) that are capable of binding and activating substrates through attractive, noncovalent interactions has emerged as an important approach in organic and organometallic chemistry. While the canonical noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, ion pairing, and π stacking, have become mainstays of catalyst design, the cation-π interaction has been comparatively underutilized in this context since its discovery in the 1980s. However, like a hydrogen bond, the cation-π interaction exhibits a typical binding affinity of several kcal mol(-1) with substantial directionality. These properties render it attractive as a design element for the development of small-molecule catalysts, and in recent years, the catalysis community has begun to take advantage of these features, drawing inspiration from pioneering research in molecular recognition and structural biology. This Review surveys the burgeoning application of the cation-π interaction in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 535 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Pham TTH, Rombouts WH, Fokkink R, Stuart MCA, Cohen Stuart MA, Kleijn JM. Nanoparticle-Templated Formation and Growth Mechanism of Curved Protein Polymer Fibrils. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2392-8. [PMID: 27250876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the growth of biosynthetic protein polymers with templated curvature on pluronic nanospheres. The protein has a central silk-like block containing glutamic residues (S(E)) and collagen-like end-blocks (C). The S(E) blocks stack into filaments when their charge is removed (pH <5). Indeed, at low pH curved and circular fibers are formed at the surface of the nanospheres, which keep their shape after removal of the pluronics. The data reveal the mechanism of the templated fibril-growth: The growth of protein assemblies is nucleated in solution; small protein fibrils adsorb on the nanospheres, presumably due to hydrogen bond formation between the silk-like blocks and the pluronic PEO blocks. The surface of the pluronic particles templates further growth. At relatively low protein/pluronic weight ratios, only a fraction of the nanospheres bears protein fibers, pointing to a limiting amount of nuclei in solution. Because the nanospheres capture fibrils at an early stage of growth, they can be used to separate growth and nucleation rates in protein fibril formation. Moreover, the nanoparticle-templated growth of stable curved fibers opens ways to build proteinaceous nanocapsules from designed protein polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T H Pham
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8038, NL-6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolf H Rombouts
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8038, NL-6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8038, NL-6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8038, NL-6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Mieke Kleijn
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8038, NL-6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Yan L, Higbee E, Tsourkas A, Cheng Z. A simple method for the synthesis of porous polymeric vesicles and their application as MR contrast agents. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:9277-9284. [PMID: 26693022 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of their low membrane permeability the use of polymeric vesicles in certain drug delivery and molecular imaging applications and as bioreactors is less than ideal. Here, we report a simple method to prepare porous polymeric vesicles that possess high membrane permeability. Specifically, porous vesicles were produced from the aqueous assembly of the diblock copolymer PEG-PBD, and the triblock copolymer PEG-PPO-PEG. It was found that PEG-PPO-PEG-doped polymersomes exhibited improved membrane permeability to molecules less than 5 kDa. Further, these porous vesicles retained molecules ≥10 kDa within their aqueous interiors with no significant leakage. To demonstrate its application, highly efficient magnetic resonance contrast agents were produced from porous polymersomes by encapsulating macromolecules labeled with gadolinium. Due to a fast water exchange rate with surrounding bulk water, these paramagnetic porous polymersomes exhibited higher r1 relaxivity compared with Gd-encapsulated vesicles with no pores. Due to their simplicity, the porous polymersomes prepared with this method are expected to have additional useful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesan Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Higbee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Brea RJ, Hardy MD, Devaraj NK. Towards self-assembled hybrid artificial cells: novel bottom-up approaches to functional synthetic membranes. Chemistry 2015; 21:12564-70. [PMID: 26149747 PMCID: PMC4617832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in utilizing bottom-up approaches to develop synthetic cells. A popular methodology is the integration of functionalized synthetic membranes with biological systems, producing "hybrid" artificial cells. This Concept article covers recent advances and the current state-of-the-art of such hybrid systems. Specifically, we describe minimal supramolecular constructs that faithfully mimic the structure and/or function of living cells, often by controlling the assembly of highly ordered membrane architectures with defined functionality. These studies give us a deeper understanding of the nature of living systems, bring new insights into the origin of cellular life, and provide novel synthetic chassis for advancing synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-534-9503 Homepage: http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Michael D Hardy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-534-9503 Homepage: http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-534-9503 Homepage: http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu.
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Hammer DA, Kamat NP. Towards an artificial cell. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2882-90. [PMID: 22841716 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We are on the verge of producing "synthetic cells," or protocells, in which some, many or all of the tasks of a real biological cell are harnessed into a synthetic platform. Such advances are made possible through genetic engineering, microfabrication technologies, and the development of cellular membranes from new surfactants that extend beyond phospholipids in stability and chemical control, and can be used to introduce designer functionality into membranes and cells. We review some of the recent advances in the development of synthetic cells and suggest future exciting directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Hammer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Qian H, Yao W, Yu S, Chen Y, Wu W, Jiang X. Spontaneous Formation of Giant Polymer Vesicles through a Nucleation and Growth Pathway. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1875-80. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Qian
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 25‐8331‐7761
| | - Wei Yao
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 25‐8331‐7761
| | - Shuling Yu
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 25‐8331‐7761
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 25‐8331‐7761
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 25‐8331‐7761
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 25‐8331‐7761
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Silva CIF, Skrzeszewska PJ, Golinska MD, Werten MWT, Eggink G, de Wolf FA. Tuning of Collagen Triple-Helix Stability in Recombinant Telechelic Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1250-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300323q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I. F. Silva
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Paulina J. Skrzeszewska
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry
and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monika D. Golinska
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Marc W. T. Werten
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The field of biomimicry is embracing the construction of complex assemblies that imitate both biological structure and function. Advancements in the design of these mimetics have generated a growing vision for creating an artificial or proto- cell. Polymersomes are vesicles that can be made from synthetic, biological or hybrid polymers and can be used as a model template to build cell-like structures. In this perspective, we discuss various areas where polymersomes have been used to mimic cell functions as well as areas in which the synthetic flexibility of polymersomes would make them ideal candidates for a biomembrane mimetic. Designing a polymersome that comprehensively displays the behaviors discussed herein has the potential to lead to the development of an autonomous, responsive particle that resembles the intelligence of a biological cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha P. Kamat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Joshua S. Katz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia PA 19104
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Professor Daniel A. Hammer, 210 South 33 St. 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Phone: (215) 573-6761, Fax: (215) 573-2093,
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