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Yau JCK, Hung KL, Ren Y, Kajitani T, Stuart MCA, Leung FKC. Red-light-controlled supramolecular assemblies of indigo amphiphiles at multiple length scales. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:391-403. [PMID: 38359503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Amphiphilic molecules functionalized with photoresponsive motifs have attractive prospects for applications in smart functional bio-material ranging from cell-material interfaces to drug delivery systems owing to the precisely controllable functionality of self-assembled hierarchical supramolecular structures in aqueous media by a non-invasive light stimulation with high temporal- and spatial-resolution. However, most of reported photoresponsive amphiphiles are triggered by bio-damaging UV-light, which greatly limits the potential in bio-related applications. Herein, we present newly designed red-light controlled N,N'-diaryl-substituted indigo amphiphiles (IA), exhibiting excellent photoswitchablity and photostability with dual red-/green-light in organic media. Meanwhile, aqueous solutions of IA assembled into supramolecular structures in both microscopic and macroscopic length-scale, though the photoresponsiveness of IA is slightly compromised in aqueous media. At macroscopic length-scale, morphological changes of IA macroscopic scaffold prepared by a shear-flow method can be fine adjusted upon red-light irradiation. Moreover, the preferential attachment of live h-MSCs to IA macroscopic scaffold surface also indicates a good biocompatibility of IA macroscopic scaffold. These results provide the potential for developing the next generation of red-light controlled soft functional materials with good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Chun-Kit Yau
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Lung Hung
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yikun Ren
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- TC College Promotion Office, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Lin HC, Kidonakis M, Kaniraj JP, Kholomieiev I, Fridrich B, Stuart MCA, Minnaard AJ. The synthesis of fructose-based surfactants. Green Chem 2024; 26:4715-4722. [PMID: 38654980 PMCID: PMC11033973 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc00399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of a new class of surfactants that is based on the bioderived building blocks fructose, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and hydroxy propionitrile (cyanoethanol, 3-HP). The synthesis is scalable, is carried out at ambient conditions, and does not require chromatography. The produced surfactants have excellent surfactant properties with critical micelle concentrations and Krafft points comparable to current glucose-based surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chien Lin
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marios Kidonakis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - J P Kaniraj
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ihor Kholomieiev
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Balint Fridrich
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- SustaCons Klauzal street 30 1072 Budapest Hungary
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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3
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van Ewijk C, Xu F, Maity S, Sheng J, Stuart MCA, Feringa BL, Roos WH. Light-Triggered Disassembly of Molecular Motor-based Supramolecular Polymers Revealed by High-Speed AFM. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319387. [PMID: 38372499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Photoresponsive supramolecular polymers have a major potential for applications in responsive materials that are externally triggered by light with spatio-temporal control of their polymerisation state. While changes in macroscopic properties revealed the adaptive nature of these materials, it remains challenging to capture the dynamic depolymerisation process at the molecular level, which requires fast observation techniques combined with in situ irradiation. By implementing in situ UV illumination into a High-Speed Atomic Force Microscope (HS-AFM) setup, we have been able to capture the disassembly of a light-driven molecular motor-based supramolecular polymer. The real-time visualisation of the light-triggered disassembly process not only reveals cooperative depolymerisation, it also shows that this process continues after illumination is halted. Combining the data with cryo-electron microscopy and spectroscopy approaches, we obtain a molecular-level description of the motor-based polymer dynamics reminiscent of actin chain-end depolymerisation. Our detailed understanding of supramolecular depolymerisation will drive the development of future responsive polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris van Ewijk
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Fan Xu
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Sourav Maity
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Jinyu Sheng
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
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4
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Cheung LH, To JC, Wong WK, Stuart MCA, Kajitani T, Keng VW, Leung FKC. Tailoring Multicontrolled Supramolecular Assemblies of Stiff-Stilbene Amphiphiles into Macroscopic Soft Scaffolds as Cell-Material Interfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:4056-4070. [PMID: 38198650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatible synthetic supramolecular systems have shed light on biomedical and tissue-regenerative material applications. The intrinsic functional applicability, tunability, and stimuli-responsiveness of synthetic supramolecular systems allow one to develop various multicontrolled supramolecular assemblies in aqueous media. However, it remains highly challenging to use state-of-the-art supramolecular assemblies of photoresponsive amphiphiles controlled by multiple stimulations in fabricating macroscopic materials. Herein, we demonstrate a stiff-stilbene amphiphile (SA) multicontrolled supramolecular assembling system that comprises two different charged end groups. The excellent photoswitchabilities of SA in both organic and aqueous media are demonstrated. Furthermore, multiple stimuli, i.e., light, pH, and counterions, are applied to control the supramolecular assembling behaviors, which are monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy and electron microscopies. This multicontrolled supramolecular system can be systematically assembled into macroscopic soft functional scaffolds, whose structural parameters are investigated by electron microscopies and X-ray diffraction techniques, suggesting the large aspect ratio of SA nanostructures assembled into macroscopic soft scaffolds. The fabricated soft functional scaffold is highly biocompatible for photocontrolled biotarget encapsulation/release selectively, as well as a cell-material interface for diverse cells' attachment. This new synthetic multicontrolled soft functional material provides a new strategy toward the development of next-generation controllable and biocompatible soft functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leong-Hung Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jeffrey C To
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wai-Ki Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- TC College Promotion Office, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Vincent W Keng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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5
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Freese T, Meijer JT, Brands MB, Alachouzos G, Stuart MCA, Tarozo R, Gerlach D, Smits J, Rudolf P, Reek JNH, Feringa BL. Iron oxide-promoted photochemical oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2). EES Catal 2024; 2:262-275. [PMID: 38222062 PMCID: PMC10782808 DOI: 10.1039/d3ey00256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a valuable green oxidant with a wide range of applications. Furthermore, it is recognized as a possible future energy carrier achieving safe operation, storage and transportation. The photochemical production of H2O2 serves as a promising alternative to the waste- and energy-intensive anthraquinone process. Following the 12 principles of Green Chemistry, we demonstrate a facile and general approach to sustainable catalyst development utilizing earth-abundant iron and biobased sources only. We developed several iron oxide (FeOx) nanoparticles (NPs) for successful photochemical oxygen reduction to H2O2 under visible light illumination (445 nm). Achieving a selectivity for H2O2 of >99%, the catalyst material could be recycled for up to four consecutive rounds. An apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 0.11% was achieved for the photochemical oxygen reduction to H2O2 with visible light (445 nm) at ambient temperatures and pressures (9.4-14.8 mmol g-1 L-1). Reaching productivities of H2O2 of at least 1.7 ± 0.3 mmol g-1 L-1 h-1, production of H2O2 was further possible via sunlight irradiation and in seawater. Finally, a detailed mechanism has been proposed on the basis of experimental investigation of the catalyst's properties and computational results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Freese
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer T Meijer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Maria B Brands
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Tarozo
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dominic Gerlach
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Joost Smits
- Shell Global Solutions International BV Grasweg 31 1031 HW Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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6
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Shan Y, Zhang Q, Sheng J, Stuart MCA, Qu DH, Feringa BL. Motorized Photomodulator: Making A Non-photoresponsive Supramolecular Gel Switchable by Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310582. [PMID: 37681477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Introducing photo-responsive molecules offers an attractive approach for remote and selective control and dynamic manipulation of material properties. However, it remains highly challenging how to use a minimal amount of photo-responsive units to optically modulate materials that are inherently inert to light irradiation. Here we show the application of a light-driven rotary molecular motor as a "motorized photo-modulator" to endow a typical H-bond-based gel system with the ability to respond to light irradiation and create a reversible sol-gel transition. The key molecular design feature is the introduction of a minimal amount (2 mol %) of molecular motors into the supramolecular network as photo-switchable non-covalent crosslinkers. Advantage is taken of the subtle interplay of the large geometry change during photo-isomerization of the molecular motor guest and the dynamic nature of a supramolecular gel host system. As a result, a tiny amount of molecular motors is enough to switch the mechanical modulus of the entire supramolecular systems. This study proves the concept of designing photo-responsive materials with minimum use of non-covalent light-absorbing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Shan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Montizaan D, Saunders C, Yang K, Sasidharan S, Maity S, Reker-Smit C, Stuart MCA, Montis C, Berti D, Roos WH, Salvati A. Role of Curvature-Sensing Proteins in the Uptake of Nanoparticles with Different Mechanical Properties. Small 2023; 19:e2303267. [PMID: 37236202 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of different properties, such as size, charge, and rigidity, are used for drug delivery. Upon interaction with the cell membrane, because of their curvature, nanoparticles can bend the lipid bilayer. Recent results show that cellular proteins capable of sensing membrane curvature are involved in nanoparticle uptake; however, no information is yet available on whether nanoparticle mechanical properties also affect their activity. Here liposomes and liposome-coated silica are used as a model system to compare uptake and cell behavior of two nanoparticles of similar size and charge, but different mechanical properties. High-sensitivity flow cytometry, cryo-TEM, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy confirm lipid deposition on the silica. Atomic force microscopy is used to quantify the deformation of individual nanoparticles at increasing imaging forces, confirming that the two nanoparticles display distinct mechanical properties. Uptake studies in HeLa and A549 cells indicate that liposome uptake is higher than for the liposome-coated silica. RNA interference studies to silence their expression show that different curvature-sensing proteins are involved in the uptake of both nanoparticles in both cell types. These results confirm that curvature-sensing proteins have a role in nanoparticle uptake, which is not restricted to harder nanoparticles, but includes softer nanomaterials commonly used for nanomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Montizaan
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Saunders
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Keni Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Sajitha Sasidharan
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Sourav Maity
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina Reker-Smit
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Salvati
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
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Guinart A, Korpidou M, Doellerer D, Pacella G, Stuart MCA, Dinu IA, Portale G, Palivan C, Feringa BL. Synthetic molecular motor activates drug delivery from polymersomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301279120. [PMID: 37364098 PMCID: PMC10319042 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301279120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of stimuli-responsive systems in nanomedicine arises from the challenges associated with the unsolved needs of current molecular drug delivery. Here, we present a delivery system with high spatiotemporal control and tunable release profiles. The design is based on the combination of an hydrophobic synthetic molecular rotary motor and a PDMS-b-PMOXA diblock copolymer to create a responsive self-assembled system. The successful incorporation and selective activation by low-power visible light (λ = 430 nm, 6.9 mW) allowed to trigger the delivery of a fluorescent dye with high efficiencies (up to 75%). Moreover, we proved the ability to turn on and off the responsive behavior on demand over sequential cycles. Low concentrations of photoresponsive units (down to 1 mol% of molecular motor) are shown to effectively promote release. Our system was also tested under relevant physiological conditions using a lung cancer cell line and the encapsulation of an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug. Similar levels of cell viability are observed compared to the free given drug showing the potential of our platform to deliver functional drugs on request with high efficiency. This work provides an important step for the application of synthetic molecular machines in the next generation of smart delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoa Guinart
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Korpidou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, 4058Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Doellerer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianni Pacella
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, 4058Basel, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research-Molecular Systems Engineering, BioPark Rosental 1095Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, 4058Basel, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research-Molecular Systems Engineering, BioPark Rosental 1095Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Huang Q, Cissé N, Stuart MCA, Lopatina Y, Kudernac T. Molecular Engineering of the Kinetic Barrier in Seeded Supramolecular Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5053-5060. [PMID: 36826999 PMCID: PMC9999411 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Seeded supramolecular polymerization (SSP) is a method that enables the controlled synthesis of supramolecular structures. SSP often relies on structures that are capable of self-assembly by interconverting between intramolecular and intermolecular modes of hydrogen bonding, characterized by a given kinetic barrier that is typically low. The control of the polymerization process is thus limited by the propensity of the hydrogen bonds to interconvert between the intramolecular and intermolecular modes of binding. Here, we report on an engineering of the polymerization kinetic barriers by sophisticated molecular design of the building blocks involved in such SSP processes. Our designs include two types of intramolecular hydrogen-bonded rings: on one hand, a central triazine tricarboxamide moiety that prevents self-assembly due to its stable intramolecular hydrogen bonds and on the other hand, three peripheral amide groups that promote self-assembly due to their stable intermolecular hydrogen bonds. We report a series of molecules with increasing bulkiness of the peripheral side chains exhibiting increasing kinetic stability in the monomeric form. Owing to the relative height of the barrier, we were able to observe that the rate constant of seeding is not proportional to the concentration of the seeds used. Based on that, we proposed a new kinetic model in which the rate-determining step is the activation of the monomer, and we provide the detailed energy landscape of the supramolecular polymerization process. Finally, we investigated the hetero-seeding of the building blocks that shows either inhibition or triggering of the polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Cissé
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yaroslava Lopatina
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Kudernac
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Hemmatpour H, De Luca O, Crestani D, Stuart MCA, Lasorsa A, van der Wel PCA, Loos K, Giousis T, Haddadi-Asl V, Rudolf P. New insights in polydopamine formation via surface adsorption. Nat Commun 2023; 14:664. [PMID: 36750751 PMCID: PMC9905603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydopamine is a biomimetic self-adherent polymer, which can be easily deposited on a wide variety of materials. Despite the rapidly increasing interest in polydopamine-based coatings, the polymerization mechanism and the key intermediate species formed during the deposition process are still controversial. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of polydopamine formation on halloysite nanotubes; the negative charge and high surface area of halloysite nanotubes favour the capture of intermediates that are involved in polydopamine formation and decelerate the kinetics of the process, to unravel the various polymerization steps. Data from X-ray photoelectron and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies demonstrate that in the initial stage of polydopamine deposition, oxidative coupling reaction of the dopaminechrome molecules is the main reaction pathway that leads to formation of polycatecholamine oligomers as an intermediate and the post cyclization of the linear oligomers occurs subsequently. Furthermore, TRIS molecules are incorporated into the initially formed oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoon Hemmatpour
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.411368.90000 0004 0611 6995Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 1587-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oreste De Luca
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (Cs), Italy.
| | - Dominic Crestani
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessia Lasorsa
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C. A. van der Wel
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theodosis Giousis
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.9594.10000 0001 2108 7481Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vahid Haddadi-Asl
- grid.411368.90000 0004 0611 6995Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 1587-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Hemmatpour H, Haddadi-Asl V, Burgers TCQ, Yan F, Stuart MCA, Reker-Smit C, Vlijm R, Salvati A, Rudolf P. Temperature-responsive and biocompatible nanocarriers based on clay nanotubes for controlled anti-cancer drug release. Nanoscale 2023; 15:2402-2416. [PMID: 36651239 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Administration of temperature-responsive drug carriers that release anticancer drugs at high temperatures can benefit hyperthermia therapies because of the synergistic effect of anticancer drug molecules and high temperature on killing the cancer cells. In this study, we design and characterize a new temperature-responsive nanocarrier based on a naturally occurring and biocompatible clay mineral, halloysite nanotubes. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes were grown on the surface of halloysite nanotubes using a combination of mussel-inspired dopamine polymerization and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The chemical structure of the hybrid materials was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The hybrid material was shown to have a phase transition temperature of about 32 °C, corresponding to a 40 nm thick polymer layer surrounding the nanotubes. Cell studies suggested that grafting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes on the polydopamine-modified halloysite nanotubes suppresses the cytotoxicity caused by the polydopamine interlayer and drug release studies on nanotubes loaded with doxorubicin showed that thanks to the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes a temperature-dependent drug release is observed. Finally, a fluorescent dye molecule was covalently attached to the polymer-grafted nanotubes and stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy was used to confirm the internalization of the nanotubes in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoon Hemmatpour
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 1587-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Haddadi-Asl
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 1587-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas C Q Burgers
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Feng Yan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina Reker-Smit
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Rifka Vlijm
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna Salvati
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Richards CJ, Ahmadi M, Stuart MCA, Kooi BJ, Åberg C, Roos WH. The effect of biomolecular corona on adsorption onto and desorption from a model lipid membrane. Nanoscale 2022; 15:248-258. [PMID: 36472238 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The current lack of insight into nanoparticle-cell membrane interactions hampers smart design strategies and thereby the development of effective nanodrugs. Quantitative and methodical approaches utilizing cell membrane models offer an opportunity to unravel particle-membrane interactions in a detailed manner under well controlled conditions. Here we use total internal reflection microscopy for real-time studies of the non-specific interactions between nanoparticles and a model cell membrane at 50 ms temporal resolution over a time course of several minutes. Maintaining a simple lipid bilayer system across conditions, adsorption and desorption were quantified as a function of biomolecular corona, particle size and fluid flow. The presence of a biomolecular corona reduced both the particle adsorption rate onto the membrane and the duration of adhesion, compared to pristine particle conditions. Particle size, on the other hand, was only observed to affect the adsorption rate. The introduction of flow reduced the number of adsorption events, but increased the residence time. Lastly, altering the composition of the membrane itself resulted in a decreased number of adsorption events onto negatively charged bilayers compared to neutral bilayers. Overall, a model membrane system offers a facile platform for real-time imaging of individual adsorption-desorption processes, revealing complex adsorption kinetics, governed by particle surface energy, size dependent interaction forces, flow and membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri J Richards
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Nanostructure Materials and Interfaces, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart J Kooi
- Nanostructure Materials and Interfaces, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christoffer Åberg
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
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13
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Butolia PS, Xi X, Winkelman JGM, Stuart MCA, van Akker M, Heeres A, Heeres HJ, Xie J. Advantages of Producing Aromatics from Propene over Ethene Using Zeolite‐Based Catalysts. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh S. Butolia
- University of Groningen Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering & Technology Institute Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoying Xi
- University of Groningen Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering & Technology Institute Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jozef G. M. Winkelman
- University of Groningen Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering & Technology Institute Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- University of Groningen Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute Nijenborgh 7 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - André Heeres
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences Research Centre Biobased Economy Zernikeplein 11 9747AS Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Hero Jan Heeres
- University of Groningen Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering & Technology Institute Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jingxiu Xie
- University of Groningen Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering & Technology Institute Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
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14
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Xu F, Crespi S, Pacella G, Fu Y, Stuart MCA, Zhang Q, Portale G, Feringa BL. Dynamic Control of a Multistate Chiral Supramolecular Polymer in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6019-6027. [PMID: 35341243 PMCID: PMC8991000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural systems transfer chiral information across multiple length scales through dynamic supramolecular interaction to accomplish various functions. Inspired by nature, many exquisite artificial supramolecular systems have been developed, in which controlling the supramolecular chirality holds the key to completing specific tasks. However, to achieve precise and non-invasive control and modulation of chirality in these systems remains challenging. As a non-invasive stimulus, light can be used to remotely control the chirality with high spatiotemporal precision. In contrast to common molecular switches, a synthetic molecular motor can act as a multistate chiroptical switch with unidirectional rotation, offering major potential to regulate more complex functions. Here, we present a light-driven molecular motor-based supramolecular polymer, in which the intrinsic chirality is transferred to the nanofibers, and the rotation of molecular motors governs the chirality and morphology of the supramolecular polymer. The resulting supramolecular polymer also exhibits light-controlled multistate aggregation-induced emission. These findings present a photochemically tunable multistate dynamic supramolecular system in water and pave the way for developing molecular motor-driven chiroptical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianni Pacella
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Youxin Fu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
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15
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Simeth NA, de Mendoza P, Dubach VRA, Stuart MCA, Smith JW, Kudernac T, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Photoswitchable architecture transformation of a DNA-hybrid assembly at the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3263-3272. [PMID: 35414864 PMCID: PMC8926171 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06490h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition-driven self-assembly employing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a template is a promising approach to access complex architectures from simple building blocks. Oligonucleotide-based nanotechnology and soft-materials benefit from the high information storage density, self-correction, and memory function of DNA. Here we control these beneficial properties with light in a photoresponsive biohybrid hydrogel, adding an extra level of function to the system. An ssDNA template was combined with a complementary photo-responsive unit to reversibly switch between various functional states of the supramolecular assembly using a combination of light and heat. We studied the structural response of the hydrogel at both the microscopic and macroscopic scale using a combination of UV-vis absorption and CD spectroscopy, as well as fluorescence, transmission electron, and atomic force microscopy. The hydrogels grown from these supramolecular self-assembly systems show remarkable shape-memory properties and imprinting shape-behavior while the macroscopic shape of the materials obtained can be further manipulated by irradiation. Molecular recognition-driven self-assembly employing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a template is a promising approach to access complex architectures from simple building blocks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paula de Mendoza
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Victor R A Dubach
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands .,Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Julien W Smith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Kudernac
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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16
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Xu F, Crespi S, Pfeifer L, Stuart MCA, Feringa BL. Mechanistic Insight into Supramolecular Polymerization in Water Tunable by Molecular Geometry. CCS Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.31635/ccschem.022.202201821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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17
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Chen S, Yang L, Leung FKC, Kajitani T, Stuart MCA, Fukushima T, van Rijn P, Feringa BL. Photoactuating Artificial Muscles of Motor Amphiphiles as an Extracellular Matrix Mimetic Scaffold for Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3543-3553. [PMID: 35171583 PMCID: PMC8895399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mimicking the native
extracellular matrix (ECM) as a cell culture
scaffold has long attracted scientists from the perspective of supramolecular
chemistry for potential application in regenerative medicine. However,
the development of the next-generation synthetic materials that mimic
key aspects of ECM, with hierarchically oriented supramolecular structures,
which are simultaneously highly dynamic and responsive to external
stimuli, remains a major challenge. Herein, we present supramolecular
assemblies formed by motor amphiphiles (MAs), which mimic
the structural features of the hydrogel nature of the ECM and additionally
show intrinsic dynamic behavior that allow amplifying molecular motions
to macroscopic muscle-like actuating functions induced by light. The
supramolecular assembly (named artificial muscle) provides an attractive
approach for developing responsive ECM mimetic scaffolds for human
bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs).
Detailed investigations on the photoisomerization by nuclear magnetic
resonance and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, assembled structures
by electron microscopy, the photoactuation process, structural order
by X-ray diffraction, and cytotoxicity are presented. Artificial muscles
of MAs provide fast photoactuation in water based on
the hierarchically anisotropic supramolecular structures and show
no cytotoxicity. Particularly important, artificial muscles of MAs with adhered hBM-MSCs still can be actuated
by external light stimulation, showing their ability to convert light
energy into mechanical signals in biocompatible systems. As a proof-of-concept
demonstration, these results provide the potential for building photoactuating
ECM mimetic scaffolds by artificial muscle-like supramolecular assemblies
based on MAs and offer opportunities for signal transduction
in future biohybrid systems of cells and MAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Chen
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, AG Groningen 9747, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AV Groningen 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, AG Groningen 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, AG Groningen 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AV Groningen 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, AG Groningen 9747, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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18
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Es Sayed J, Brummer H, Stuart MCA, Sanson N, Perrin P, Kamperman M. Responsive Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Frozen Complex Coacervate Core Micelles. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:20-25. [PMID: 35574801 PMCID: PMC8772379 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Frozen complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) were developed as a class of particle stabilizers for Pickering emulsions. The C3Ms are composed of a core of electrostatically interacting weak polyelectrolytes, poly(acrylic acid) (pAA) and poly(dimethylaminopropylacrylamide) (pDMAPAA), surrounded by a corona of water-soluble and surface active poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNiPAM). Mixing parameters of the two polymer solutions, including pH, mixing method, charge ratio, and salinity of the medium, were carefully controlled, leading to monodisperse, colloidally stable C3Ms. A combination of dynamic light scattering and proton nuclear magnetic resonance experiments showed that the C3Ms gradually disassembled from a dynamically frozen core state in pure water into free polyelectrolyte chains above 0.8 M NaCl. Upon formulation of dodecane-in-water emulsions, the frozen C3Ms adsorb as particles at the droplet interfaces in striking contrast with most of the conventional micelles made of amphiphilic block copolymers which fall apart at the interface. Eventually, increasing the salt concentration of the system triggered disassembly of the C3Ms, which led to emulsion destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Es Sayed
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Brummer
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Sanson
- Soft
Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI,
PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Perrin
- Soft
Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI,
PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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19
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Yang K, Reker‐Smit C, Stuart MCA, Salvati A. Effects of Protein Source on Liposome Uptake by Cells: Corona Composition and Impact of the Excess Free Proteins. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100370. [PMID: 34050634 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Corona formation in biological fluids strongly affects nanomedicine interactions with cells. However, relatively less is known on additional effects from the free proteins in solution. Within this context, this study aims to gain a better understanding of nanomaterial-cell interactions in different biological fluids and, more specifically, to disentangle effects due to corona composition and those from the free proteins in solution. To this aim, the uptake of liposomes in medium with bovine and human serum are compared. Uptake efficiency in the two media differs strongly, as also corona composition. However, in contrast with similar studies on other nanomaterials, despite the very different corona, when the two corona-coated liposomes are exposed to cells in serum free medium, their uptake is comparable. Thus, in this case, the observed differences in uptake depend primarily on the presence and source of the free proteins. Similar results are obtained when testing the liposomes on different human cells, as well as in murine cells and in the presence of murine serum. Overall, these results show that the protein source affects nanomedicine uptake not only due to effects on corona composition, but also due to the presence and composition of the free proteins in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keni Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen A. Deusinglaan 1 Groningen 9713 AV The Netherlands
| | - Catharina Reker‐Smit
- Department of Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen A. Deusinglaan 1 Groningen 9713 AV The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen Nijenborgh 74 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Anna Salvati
- Department of Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen A. Deusinglaan 1 Groningen 9713 AV The Netherlands
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20
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Xu F, Pfeifer L, Crespi S, Leung FKC, Stuart MCA, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. From Photoinduced Supramolecular Polymerization to Responsive Organogels. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5990-5997. [PMID: 33830767 PMCID: PMC8154511 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling supramolecular polymerization by external stimuli holds great potential toward the development of responsive soft materials and manipulating self-assembly at the nanoscale. Photochemical switching offers the prospect of regulating the structure and properties of systems in a noninvasive and reversible manner with spatial and temporal control. In addition, this approach will enhance our understanding of supramolecular polymerization mechanisms; however, the control of molecular assembly by light remains challenging. Here we present photoresponsive stiff-stilbene-based bis-urea monomers whose trans isomers readily form supramolecular polymers in a wide range of organic solvents, enabling fast light-triggered depolymerization-polymerization and reversible gel formation. Due to the stability of the cis isomers and the high photostationary states (PSS) of the cis-trans isomerization, precise control over supramolecular polymerization and in situ gelation could be achieved with short response times. A detailed study on the temperature-dependent and photoinduced supramolecular polymerization in organic solvents revealed a kinetically controlled nucleation-elongation mechanism. By application of a Volta phase plate to enhance the phase-contrast method in cryo-EM, unprecedented for nonaqueous solutions, uniform nanofibers were observed in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Tosi F, Berrocal JA, Stuart MCA, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. Tuning of Morphology by Chirality in Self-Assembled Structures of Bis(Urea) Amphiphiles in Water. Chemistry 2021; 27:326-330. [PMID: 32785999 PMCID: PMC7839493 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and self‐assembly of a chiral bis(urea) amphiphile and show that chirality offers a remarkable level of control towards different morphologies. Upon self‐assembly in water, the molecular‐scale chiral information is translated to the mesoscopic level. Both enantiomers of the amphiphile self‐assemble into chiral twisted ribbons with opposite handedness, as supported by Cryo‐TEM and circular dichroism (CD) measurements. The system presents thermo‐responsive aggregation behavior and combined transmittance measurements, temperature‐dependent UV, CD, TEM, and micro‐differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that a ribbon‐to‐vesicles transition occurs upon heating. Remarkably, chirality allows easy control of morphology as the self‐assembly into distinct aggregates can be tuned by varying the enantiomeric excess of the amphiphile, giving access to flat sheets, helical ribbons, and twisted ribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Tosi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Pereira SGT, Hudoklin S, Kreft ME, Kostevsek N, Stuart MCA, Al-Jamal WT. Correction to “Intracellular Activation of a Prostate Specific Antigen-Cleavable Doxorubicin Prodrug: A Key Feature Toward Prodrug-Nanomedicine Design”. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3149. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Maity S, Ottelé J, Santiago GM, Frederix PWJM, Kroon P, Markovitch O, Stuart MCA, Marrink SJ, Otto S, Roos WH. Caught in the Act: Mechanistic Insight into Supramolecular Polymerization-Driven Self-Replication from Real-Time Visualization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13709-13717. [PMID: 32786814 PMCID: PMC7426903 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Self-assembly features
prominently in fields ranging from materials
science to biophysical chemistry. Assembly pathways, often passing
through transient intermediates, can control the outcome of assembly
processes. Yet, the mechanisms of self-assembly remain largely obscure
due to a lack of experimental tools for probing these pathways at
the molecular level. Here, the self-assembly of self-replicators into
fibers is visualized in real-time by high-speed atomic force microscopy
(HS-AFM). Fiber growth requires the conversion of precursor molecules
into six-membered macrocycles, which constitute the fibers. HS-AFM
experiments, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, revealed
that aggregates of precursor molecules accumulate at the sides of
the fibers, which then diffuse to the fiber ends where growth takes
place. This mechanism of precursor reservoir formation, followed by
one-dimensional diffusion, which guides the precursor molecules to
the sites of growth, reduces the entropic penalty associated with
colocalizing precursors and growth sites and constitutes a new mechanism
for supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Maity
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Ottelé
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Monreal Santiago
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Pim W J M Frederix
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kroon
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Omer Markovitch
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.,Origins Center, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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24
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Xu F, Pfeifer L, Stuart MCA, Leung FKC, Feringa BL. Multi-modal control over the assembly of a molecular motor bola-amphiphile in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7451-7454. [PMID: 32495777 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02177f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report multi-modal-control over the assembly behaviour of a first-generation molecular motor bola-amphiphile in water by light, pH and the choice of counter-ions. These findings open up opportunities for the development of materials that reconfigurate enabling complex functions in response to different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Chen S, Leung FKC, Stuart MCA, Wang C, Feringa BL. Dynamic Assemblies of Molecular Motor Amphiphiles Control Macroscopic Foam Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10163-10172. [PMID: 32379449 PMCID: PMC7273467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive supramolecular assemblies controlling macroscopic transformations with high structural fluidity, i.e., foam properties, have attractive prospects for applications in soft materials ranging from biomedical systems to industrial processes, e.g., textile coloring. However, identifying the key processes for the amplification of molecular motion to a macroscopic level response is of fundamental importance for exerting the full potential of macroscopic structural transformations by external stimuli. Herein, we demonstrate the control of dynamic supramolecular assemblies in aqueous media and as a consequence their macroscopic foam properties, e.g., foamability and foam stability, by large geometrical transformations of dual light/heat stimuli-responsive molecular motor amphiphiles. Detailed insight into the reversible photoisomerization and thermal helix inversion at the molecular level, supramolecular assembly transformations at the microscopic level, and the stimuli-responsive foam properties at the macroscopic level, as determined by UV-vis absorption and NMR spectroscopies, electron microscopy, and foamability and in situ surface tension measurements, is presented. By selective use of external stimuli, e.g., light or heat, multiple states and properties of macroscopic foams can be controlled with very dilute aqueous solutions of the motor amphiphiles (0.2 weight%), demonstrating the potential of multiple stimuli-responsive supramolecular systems based on an identical molecular amphiphile and providing opportunities for future soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Chen
- Center
for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Key
Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles
Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- Center
for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Center
for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chaoxia Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles
Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Center
for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Franken LE, Grünewald K, Boekema EJ, Stuart MCA. A Technical Introduction to Transmission Electron Microscopy for Soft-Matter: Imaging, Possibilities, Choices, and Technical Developments. Small 2020; 16:e1906198. [PMID: 32130784 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With a significant role in material sciences, physics, (soft matter) chemistry, and biology, the transmission electron microscope is one of the most widely applied structural analysis tool to date. It has the power to visualize almost everything from the micrometer to the angstrom scale. Technical developments keep opening doors to new fields of research by improving aspects such as sample preservation, detector performance, computational power, and workflow automation. For more than half a century, and continuing into the future, electron microscopy has been, and is, a cornerstone methodology in science. Herein, the technical considerations of imaging with electrons in terms of optics, technology, samples and processing, and targeted soft materials are summarized. Furthermore, recent advances and their potential for application to soft matter chemistry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Franken
- Department of Structural Cell Biology of Viruses, Heinrich-Pette Institute-Leibniz-Institute of Experimental Virology University of Hamburg, Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kay Grünewald
- Department of Structural Cell Biology of Viruses, Heinrich-Pette Institute-Leibniz-Institute of Experimental Virology University of Hamburg, Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Colpa DI, Zhou W, Wempe JP, Tamis J, Stuart MCA, Krooneman J, Euverink GJW. Thauera aminoaromatica MZ1T Identified as a Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Producing Bacterium within a Mixed Microbial Consortium. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E19. [PMID: 32098069 PMCID: PMC7175198 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) form a highly promising class of bioplastics for the transition from fossil fuel-based plastics to bio-renewable and biodegradable plastics. Mixed microbial consortia (MMC) are known to be able to produce PHAs from organic waste streams. Knowledge of key-microbes and their characteristics in PHA-producing consortia is necessary for further process optimization and direction towards synthesis of specific types of PHAs. In this study, a PHA-producing mixed microbial consortium (MMC) from an industrial pilot plant was characterized and further enriched on acetate in a laboratory-scale selector with a working volume of 5 L, and 16S-rDNA microbiological population analysis of both the industrial pilot plant and the 5 L selector revealed that the most dominant species within the population is Thauera aminoaromatica MZ1T, a Gram-negative beta-proteobacterium belonging to the order of the Rhodocyclales. The relative abundance of this Thauera species increased from 24 to 40% after two months of enrichment in the selector-system, indicating a competitive advantage, possibly due to the storage of a reserve material such as PHA. First experiments with T. aminoaromatica MZ1T showed multiple intracellular granules when grown in pure culture on a growth medium with a C:N ratio of 10:1 and acetate as a carbon source. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses upon extraction of PHA from the pure culture confirmed polyhydroxybutyrate production by T. aminoaromatica MZ1T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana I. Colpa
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology Group, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wen Zhou
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology Group, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Pier Wempe
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology Group, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Tamis
- Paques Technology B.V., Tjalke de Boerstrjitte 24, 8561 EL Balk, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Krooneman
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology Group, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan W. Euverink
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology Group, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Liu B, Pappas CG, Ottelé J, Schaeffer G, Jurissek C, Pieters PF, Altay M, Marić I, Stuart MCA, Otto S. Spontaneous Emergence of Self-Replicating Molecules Containing Nucleobases and Amino Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4184-4192. [PMID: 32023041 PMCID: PMC7059183 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The conditions that led to the formation
of the first organisms
and the ways that life originates from a lifeless chemical soup are
poorly understood. The recent hypothesis of “RNA-peptide coevolution”
suggests that the current close relationship between amino acids and
nucleobases may well have extended to the origin of life. We now show
how the interplay between these compound classes can give rise to
new self-replicating molecules using a dynamic combinatorial approach.
We report two strategies for the fabrication of chimeric amino acid/nucleobase
self-replicating macrocycles capable of exponential growth. The first
one relies on mixing nucleobase- and peptide-based building blocks,
where the ligation of these two gives rise to highly specific chimeric
ring structures. The second one starts from peptide nucleic acid (PNA)
building blocks in which nucleobases are already linked to amino acids
from the start. While previously reported nucleic acid-based self-replicating
systems rely on presynthesis of (short) oligonucleotide sequences,
self-replication in the present systems start from units containing
only a single nucleobase. Self-replication is accompanied by self-assembly,
spontaneously giving rise to an ordered one-dimensional arrangement
of nucleobase nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charalampos G Pappas
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Ottelé
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaël Schaeffer
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Jurissek
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Priscilla F Pieters
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meniz Altay
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Marić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Tosi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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30
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Tosi F, Stuart MCA, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. Salen-Based Amphiphiles: Directing Self-Assembly in Water by Metal Complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14935-14939. [PMID: 31389650 PMCID: PMC6899911 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuning morphologies of self-assembled structures in water is a major challenge. Herein we present a salen-based amphiphile which, using complexation with distinct transition metal ions, allows to control effectively the self-assembly morphology in water, as observed by Cryo-TEM and confirmed by DLS measurements. Applying this strategy with various metal ions gives a broad spectrum of self-assembled structures starting from the same amphiphilic ligand (from cubic structures to vesicles and micelles). Thermogravimetric analysis and electric conductivity measurements reveal a key role for water coordination apparently being responsible for the distinct assembly behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Tosi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Tosi F, Stuart MCA, Smit H, Chen J, Feringa BL. Reorganization from Kinetically Stable Aggregation States to Thermodynamically Stable Nanotubes of BINOL-Derived Amphiphiles in Water. Langmuir 2019; 35:11821-11828. [PMID: 31424218 PMCID: PMC6740276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and self-assembly behavior of newly designed BINOL-based amphiphiles is presented. With minor structural modifications, the aggregation of these amphiphiles could be successfully tuned to form different types of assemblies in water, ranging from vesicles to cubic structures. Simple sonication induced the rearrangement of different kinetically stable aggregates into thermodynamically stable self-assembled nanotubes, as observed by cryo-TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Tosi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Smit
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Leung FK, Kajitani T, Stuart MCA, Fukushima T, Feringa BL. Dual‐Controlled Macroscopic Motions in a Supramolecular Hierarchical Assembly of Motor Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10985-10989. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco King‐Chi Leung
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life ScienceInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life ScienceInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
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33
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Leung FK, Kajitani T, Stuart MCA, Fukushima T, Feringa BL. Dual‐Controlled Macroscopic Motions in a Supramolecular Hierarchical Assembly of Motor Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco King‐Chi Leung
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life ScienceInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life ScienceInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
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34
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Pereira SGT, Hudoklin S, Kreft ME, Kostevsek N, Stuart MCA, Al-Jamal WT. Intracellular Activation of a Prostate Specific Antigen-Cleavable Doxorubicin Prodrug: A Key Feature Toward Prodrug-Nanomedicine Design. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1573-1585. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. T. Pereira
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Samo Hudoklin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kostevsek
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Electron Microscopy, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wafa T. Al-Jamal
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
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35
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Mergel O, Schneider S, Tiwari R, Kühn PT, Keskin D, Stuart MCA, Schöttner S, de Kanter M, Noyong M, Caumanns T, Mayer J, Janzen C, Simon U, Gallei M, Wöll D, van Rijn P, Plamper FA. Cargo shuttling by electrochemical switching of core-shell microgels obtained by a facile one-shot polymerization. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1844-1856. [PMID: 30842853 PMCID: PMC6371888 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04369h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling and understanding the electrochemical properties of electroactive polymeric colloids is a highly topical but still a rather unexplored field of research. This is especially true when considering more complex particle architectures like stimuli-responsive microgels, which would entail different kinetic constraints for charge transport within one particle. We synthesize and electrochemically address dual stimuli responsive core-shell microgels, where the temperature-responsiveness modulates not only the internal structure, but also the microgel electroactivity both on an internal and on a global scale. In detail, a facile one-step precipitation polymerization results in architecturally advanced poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-vinylferrocene) P(NIPAM-co-VFc) microgels with a ferrocene (Fc)-enriched (collapsed/hard) core and a NIPAM-rich shell. While the remaining Fc units in the shell are electrochemically accessible, the electrochemical activity of Fc in the core is limited due to the restricted mobility of redox active sites and therefore restricted electron transfer in the compact core domain. Still, prolonged electrochemical action and/or chemical oxidation enable a reversible adjustment of the internal microgel structure from core-shell microgels with a dense core to completely oxidized microgels with a highly swollen core and a denser corona. The combination of thermo-sensitive and redox-responsive units being part of the network allows for efficient amplification of the redox response on the overall microgel dimension, which is mainly governed by the shell. Further, it allows for an electrochemical switching of polarity (hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity) of the microgel, enabling an electrochemically triggered uptake and release of active guest molecules. Hence, bactericidal drugs can be released to effectively kill bacteria. In addition, good biocompatibility of the microgels in cell tests suggests suitability of the new microgel system for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mergel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 , University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , Groningen , 9713 AV , The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Philipp T Kühn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 , University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , Groningen , 9713 AV , The Netherlands
| | - Damla Keskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 , University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , Groningen , 9713 AV , The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schöttner
- Ernst-Berl-Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Martinus de Kanter
- Chair for Laser Technology LLT , RWTH Aachen University , Steinbachstr. 15 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Michael Noyong
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , JARA-SOFT , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Tobias Caumanns
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy , RWTH Aachen University , Ahornstraße 55 , D-52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy , RWTH Aachen University , Ahornstraße 55 , D-52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Christoph Janzen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT) , Steinbachstr. 15 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Ulrich Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , JARA-SOFT , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl-Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 , University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , Groningen , 9713 AV , The Netherlands
| | - Felix A Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Leipziger Straße 29 , 09599 Freiberg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-3731-39-2139
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36
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Leung FKC, van den Enk T, Kajitani T, Chen J, Stuart MCA, Kuipers J, Fukushima T, Feringa BL. Supramolecular Packing and Macroscopic Alignment Controls Actuation Speed in Macroscopic Strings of Molecular Motor Amphiphiles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17724-17733. [PMID: 30462498 PMCID: PMC6302472 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Three-dimensional organized unidirectionally
aligned and responsive
supramolecular structures have much potential in adaptive materials
ranging from biomedical components to soft actuator systems. However,
to control the supramolecular structure of these stimuli responsive,
for example photoactive, materials and control their actuation remains
a major challenge. Toward the design of “artificial muscles”,
herein, we demonstrate an approach that allows hierarchical control
of the supramolecular structure, and as a consequence its photoactuation
function, by electrostatic interaction between motor amphiphiles (MA)
and counterions. Detailed insight into the effect of various ions
on structural parameters for self-assembly from nano- to micrometer
scale in water including nanofiber formation and nanofiber aggregation
as well as the packing structure, degree of alignment, and actuation
speed of the macroscopic MA strings prepared from various metal chlorides
solution, as determined by electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction,
and actuation speed measurements, is presented. Macroscopic MA strings
prepared from calcium and magnesium ions provide a high degree of
alignment and fast response photoactuation. By the selection of metal
ions and chain length of MAs, the macroscopic MA string structure
and function can be controlled, demonstrating the potential of generating
multiple photoresponsive supramolecular systems from an identical
molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco King-Chi Leung
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Tobias van den Enk
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center , 1-1-1 Kouto , Sayo , Hyogo 679-5148 , Japan
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- Department of Cell Biology, Molecular Imaging and Electron Microscopy, University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , 9712 CP Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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37
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Hofman A, Terzic I, Stuart MCA, ten Brinke G, Loos K. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Double-Comb Triblock Terpolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1168-1173. [PMID: 30356968 PMCID: PMC6195812 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Involving supramolecular chemistry in self-assembling block copolymer systems enables design of macromolecular architectures that are challenging to obtain through conventional all-covalent routes. In this work we present supramolecular double-comb triblock terpolymers in which both outer blocks are able to interact with a surfactant via hydrogen bonding and thereby form a comb-shaped architecture upon complexation. While the neat triblock terpolymer only formed a triple lamellar morphology, multiple hierarchical structures were observed in these supramolecular comb-coil-comb triblock terpolymers by simply adjusting the surfactant concentration. Structures included spheres on tetragonally packed cylinders-in-lamellae and spheres on double parallel lamellae-in-lamellae, as evidenced by electron microscopy and X-ray scattering. Incorporation of a middle coil block thus allowed an even higher macromolecular complexity than the previously reported double-comb diblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton
H. Hofman
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Terzic
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Electron
Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit ten Brinke
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Schöbel J, Hils C, Weckwerth A, Schlenk M, Bojer C, Stuart MCA, Breu J, Förster S, Greiner A, Karg M, Schmalz H. Strategies for the selective loading of patchy worm-like micelles with functional nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2018; 10:18257-18268. [PMID: 30238948 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05935g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer self-assembly in solution paves the way for the construction of well-defined compartmentalized nanostructures. These are excellent templates for the incorporation and stabilisation of nanoparticles (NPs), giving rise to highly relevant applications in the field of catalysis or sensing. However, the regio-selective incorporation of NPs in specific compartments is still an issue, especially concerning the loading with different NP types. Using crystallisation-driven self-assembly (CDSA), functional worm-like crystalline-core micelles (wCCMs) with a tailor-made, nanometre-sized patchy corona were prepared as versatile templates for the incorporation and stabilisation of metal and metal oxide NPs. Different strategies, like ligand exchange or co-precipitation of polymer stabilised NPs with one surface patch, were developed that allow the incorporation of NPs in specific regions of the patchy wCCM corona. Independent of the NP type and the incorporation method, the NPs showed no tendency for agglomeration and were fixed within the corona patches of the wCCMs. The binary loading of patchy micelles with metal and metal oxide NPs was realised by combining different loading strategies, yielding hybrids with homogeneously dispersed NPs guided by the patchy structure of the template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schöbel
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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39
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Stuart MCA, Bevers EM, Comfurius P, Zwaal RFA, Reutelingsperger CPM, Frederik PM. Ultrastructural Detection of Surface Exposed Phosphatidylserine on Activated Blood Platelets. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPhosphatidylserine (PS) is normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of cells (including blood platelets). Upon cell activation PS may become exposed to the outer surface of the cell. Cell membranes with surface exposed PS at the outside form a catalytic surface for coagulation reactions. When platelets are activated with ionophore or with thrombin in combination with thapsigargi, calcium induced scrambling of phospholipids takes place, resulting in PS exposure. Concomitant with PS exposition structural changes take place. On resting and activated platelets we combined the immunocytochemical detection of surface exposed PS with (ultra)structural information. Blood platelets were activated in the presence of annexin V, a protein which binds to PS in the presence of Ca2+. Annexin V was found to bind to lipid bilayers containing more than 5 mole % PS as estimated by binding of fluorescent-labelled annexin V to liposomes with varying PS concentrations. After vitrification, freeze-substitution and embedding of the platelets, annexin V was located on ultra thin sections, as detected by an anti-annexin V antibody and gold labelled protein A. Upon activation, the platelets show two different forms; irregular platelets with unchanged cytoplasm and round cells with apparently diluted cytoplasm. Activation with ionophore initially resulted in both forms, but after ten minutes only round platelets with diluted cytoplasm were observed. Both forms of these platelets as well as the microvesicles were found to be annexin V positive. However upon activation with thrombin in combination with thapsigargin, only the round cells with diluted cytoplasm and microvesicles were annexin V positive, whereas platelets with unchanged cytoplasm, even when microvesicles are present, are negative for annexin V.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C A Stuart
- The E. M. Unit, Dept. of Pathology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E M Bevers
- The Dept. of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P Comfurius
- The Dept. of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R F A Zwaal
- The Dept. of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C P M Reutelingsperger
- The Dept. of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P M Frederik
- The E. M. Unit, Dept. of Pathology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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40
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Fridrich B, Stuart MCA, Barta K. Selective Coupling of Bioderived Aliphatic Alcohols with Acetone Using Hydrotalcite Derived Mg-Al Porous Metal Oxide and Raney Nickel. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2018; 6:8468-8475. [PMID: 30271689 PMCID: PMC6156109 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation of sugars to the so-called ABE mixture delivers a three component mixture of shorter chain oxygenates: acetone, n-butanol and ethanol. In order to convert these into liquid transportation fuels that are analogous to the currently used fossil energy carriers, novel catalytic chain elongation methods involving C-C bond formation are desired. Herein we report on a simple, non-noble-metal-based method for the highly selective coupling of 1-butanol and acetone into high molecular weight (C7-C11) ketones, as well as ABE mixtures into (C5-C11) ketones using the solid base Mg-Al-PMO in combination with small amount of Raney nickel. Upon hydrodeoxygenation, these ketones are converted to fuel range alkanes with excellent carbon utilization (up to 89%) using Earth abundant metal containing catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Fridrich
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Department
of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular
Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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41
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Franken LE, Wei Y, Chen J, Boekema EJ, Zhao D, Stuart MCA, Feringa BL. Solvent Mixing To Induce Molecular Motor Aggregation into Bowl-Shaped Particles: Underlying Mechanism, Particle Nature, and Application To Control Motor Behavior. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7860-7868. [PMID: 29879351 PMCID: PMC6026844 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Control over dynamic functions in larger assemblies is key to many molecular systems, ranging from responsive materials to molecular machines. Here we report a molecular motor that forms bowl-shaped particles in water and how confinement of the molecular motor affects rotary motion. Studying the aggregation process in a broader context, we provide evidence that, in the case of bowl-shaped particles, the structures are not the product of self-assembly, but a direct result of the mixing a good solvent and a (partial) non-solvent and highly independent of the molecular design. Under the influence of the non-solvent, droplets are formed, of which the exterior is hardened due to the increase in the glass transition temperature by the external medium, while the interior of the droplets remains plasticized by the solvent, resulting in the formation of stable bowl-shaped particles with a fluid interior, a glass-like exterior, and a very specific shape: dense spheres with a hole in their side. Applying this to a bulky first-generation molecular motor allowed us to change its isomerization behavior. Furthermore, the motor shows in situ photo-switchable aggregation-induced emission. Strong confinement prohibits the thermal helix inversion step while altering the energy barriers that determine the rotary motion, such that it introduces a reverse trans- cis isomerization upon heating. These studies show a remarkable control of forward and backward rotary motion by simply changing solvent ratios and extent of confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Franken
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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42
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Liu Y, Stuart MCA, Buhler E, Hirsch AKH. Dynamic Proteoids Generated From Dipeptide-Based Monomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800099. [PMID: 29806088 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic proteoids are dynamic covalent analogues of proteins which are generated through the reversible polymerization of amino-acid- or peptide-derived monomers. The authors design and prepare a series of dynamic proteoids based on the reversible polycondensation of six types of dipeptide hydrazides bearing different categories of side chains. The polymerization and structures of biodynamers generated by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, light scattering and cryo-transmission-electron microscopy are studied. This study shows that the presence of aromatic rings in the side chains plays the most essential role in determining the extent of the polymerization and organization into resultant nanostructures through π-π-stacking interactions, hydroxyl groups have a less favorable influence via hydrogen bonds, whereas a high density of positive charge blocks the generation of biodynamers due to electrostatic repulsions. These findings set the stage for the rational design and synthesis of dynamic proteoids as novel biofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Buhler
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC) UMR 7057, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 (Université Sorbonne Paris Cité), Bâtiment Condorcet, 75205, Paris, Cedex 13, France
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP) Department of Pharmacy, Campus Building E 8.1, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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43
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Abstract
A novel and versatile design of DNA-lipid conjugates is presented. The assembly of the DNA headgroups into G-quadruplex structures is essential for the formation of micelles and their stability. By hybridization with a complementary oligonucleotide the micelles were destabilized, resulting in cargo release. In combination with a hairpin DNA aptamer as complementary strand, the release is obtained selectively by the presence of ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Cozzoli
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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44
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Abstract
One of the key aspects that defines a cell as a living entity is its ability to self-reproduce. In this process, membrane biogenesis is an essential element. Here, we developed an in vitro phospholipid biosynthesis pathway based on a cascade of eight enzymes, starting from simple fatty acid building blocks and glycerol 3-phosphate. The reconstituted system yields multiple phospholipid species that vary in acyl-chain and polar headgroup compositions. Due to the high fidelity and versatility, complete conversion of the fatty acid substrates into multiple phospholipid species is achieved simultaneously, leading to membrane expansion as a first step toward a synthetic minimal cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Exterkate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, and ‡Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonella Caforio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, and ‡Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, and ‡Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, and ‡Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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45
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Liu Y, de Vries JW, Liu Q, Hartman AM, Wieland GD, Wieczorek S, Börner HG, Wiehe A, Buhler E, Stuart MCA, Browne WR, Herrmann A, Hirsch AKH. Lipid-DNAs as Solubilizers of mTHPC. Chemistry 2018; 24:798-802. [PMID: 29194834 PMCID: PMC5814723 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic drug candidates require innovative formulation agents. We designed and synthesized lipid-DNA polymers containing varying numbers of hydrophobic alkyl chains. The hydrophobicity of these amphiphiles is easily tunable by introducing a defined number of alkyl chain-modified nucleotides during standard solid-phase synthesis of DNA using an automated DNA synthesizer. We observed that the resulting self-assembled micelles solubilize the poorly water-soluble drug, meta-tetra-hydroxyphenyl-chlorin (mTHPC) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) with high loading concentrations and loading capacities. A cell viability study showed that mTHPC-loaded micelles exhibit good biocompatibility without irradiation, and high PDT efficacy upon irradiation. Lipid-DNAs provide a novel class of drug-delivery vehicle, and hybridization of DNA offers a potentially facile route for further functionalization of the drug-delivery system with, for instance, targeting or imaging moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen, Nijenborgh 79747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem de Vries
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Alwin M. Hartman
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen, Nijenborgh 79747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and OptimizationCampus Building E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | | | - Sebastian Wieczorek
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Strasse 1507745JenaGermany
| | - Eric Buhler
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC) UMR 7057Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7Bâtiment Condorcet75205Paris cedex 13France
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen, Nijenborgh 79747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen, Nijenborgh 79747AG GroningenThe Netherlands
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and OptimizationCampus Building E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Building E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
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46
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Abstract
A highly active and easy-to-prepare Ni based catalyst system is presented for the selective N-alkylation of amines with alcohols that is in situ generated from Ni(COD)2 and KOH under ligand-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Afanasenko
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
- Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
| | | | | | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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47
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Chen J, Leung FKC, Stuart MCA, Kajitani T, Fukushima T, van der Giessen E, Feringa BL. Artificial muscle-like function from hierarchical supramolecular assembly of photoresponsive molecular motors. Nat Chem 2017; 10:132-138. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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Abstract
Dynamic proteoids are dynamic covalent analogues of proteins, which can be used as new adaptive biomaterials. We designed and synthesized a range of sugar-containing dynamic proteoid biodynamers based on the polycondensation of different types of amino acid and dipeptide hydrazides with a biological aliphatic dialdehyde and a nonbiological aromatic dialdehyde. By using the saccharide-based dialdehyde, the biocompatibility of biodynamers should be enhanced compared to previously reported biodynamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D Witte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Buhler
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC) UMR 7057, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Bâtiment Condorcet, 75205, Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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49
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Franken LE, Boekema EJ, Stuart MCA. Transmission Electron Microscopy as a Tool for the Characterization of Soft Materials: Application and Interpretation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2017; 4:1600476. [PMID: 28546914 PMCID: PMC5441488 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides direct structural information on nano-structured materials and is popular as a characterization tool in soft matter and supramolecular chemistry. However, technical aspects of sample preparation are overlooked and erroneous image interpretations are regularly encountered in the literature. There are three most commonly used TEM methods as we derived from literature: drying, staining and cryo-TEM, which are explained here with respect to their application, limitations and interpretation. Since soft matter chemistry relies on a lot of indirect evidence, the role of TEM for the correct evaluation of the nature of an assembly is very large. Mistakes in application and interpretation can therefore have enormous impact on the quality of present and future studies. We provide helpful background information of these three techniques, the information that can and cannot be derived from them and provide assistance in selecting the right technique for soft matter imaging. This essay warns against the use of drying and explains why. In general cryo-TEM is by far the best suited method and many mistakes and over-interpretations can be avoided by the use of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E. Franken
- Electron Microscopy GroupGroningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Egbert J. Boekema
- Electron Microscopy GroupGroningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Electron Microscopy GroupGroningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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50
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Komáromy D, Stuart MCA, Monreal Santiago G, Tezcan M, Krasnikov VV, Otto S. Self-Assembly Can Direct Dynamic Covalent Bond Formation toward Diversity or Specificity. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6234-6241. [PMID: 28398730 PMCID: PMC5423079 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
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With
the advent of reversible covalent chemistry the study of the
interplay between covalent bond formation and noncovalent interactions
has become increasingly relevant. Here we report that the interplay
between reversible disulfide chemistry and self-assembly can give
rise either to molecular diversity, i.e., the emergence of a unprecedentedly
large range of macrocycles or to molecular specificity, i.e., the
autocatalytic emergence of a single species. The two phenomena are
the result of two different modes of self-assembly, demonstrating
that control over self-assembly pathways can enable control over covalent
bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Komáromy
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Monreal Santiago
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meniz Tezcan
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor V Krasnikov
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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